The Arabic haiku: when two easts’ languages and literature meet

This study aims to show the historical and cultural context of English loanwords in Japanese, the process of domestication, and the functions performed by English loanwords. The orthographic, phonetic, morphological, semantic, and syntactic modifications of borrowed words have helped their assimilation. However, linguistic and cultural loanwords have, to a certain extent, remained separated from the Japanese language and culture, which resulted in the westernization of the Japanese life and language. As a result of the economic, political, and cultural influence of Great Britain and the United States and the imposition of English as the international language, a number of world languages have adopted foreign words from English, most notably in the 20th century. There are thousands of such loanwords in the Japanese language. Many of them are well-established in the language and in everyday use. The Japanese isolation from the West was interrupted by the arrival of the US war ships at the Tokyo port in the mid-19th century. The nation was urged to accept American requests to open trade routes and diplomacy, which had further affected linguistic changes and the enrichment of the Japanese language with numerous foreign words. In the 1930s, the Japanese government was against the introduction of foreign cultures; thus, leading to the elimination of foreign words from the language during the war. However, during the six-year US occupation, the Americans oversaw and greatly influenced the rebuilding of the Japanese society. Once again, Japan invested tremendous effort to westernize its society. The eliminated words again returned to the language, and the "boom" of foreign culture adoption was restored, which has remained the case until today. The study "nihon no sankoutosho", Reference books of Japan, published by Nihon toshoukan kyoukai (Japan Association of Libraries 1980) shows that, , aided by the spread of mass media, over a half of the 25,000 borrowed words in the Kadokawa's Loanword Dictionary entered the Japanese language after World War II and most of them are taken from English. When the elements of one foreign culture and language are lent to another language, they adapt to its new cultural and linguistic context. The majority of loanwords in Japanese exhibit an orthographic, phonological, structural or semantic connection with the linguistic system of the language from which they are taken. The need to add vowels to English words to fit into the syllabic structure of the Japanese language resulted in very long loanwords. Borrowed words are often abbreviated either upon or after entering the language. This usually involves cutting off the end of a word that is left out. Blending has also occurred - it is obtained by a combination of abbreviated words which results in new expressions that do not exist in English.

The effectiveness of structured multidisciplinary rounding in acute care units on length of hospital stay and satisfaction of patients and staff: a systematic review protocol

Studying Arabic language has aim for evolving reading ability in Arabic literature, and evolving skill in speaking Arabic. In developing reading ability and translate Arabic language is needed a good and appropriate methods in studying, one of them is grammatical-translate (Qawa’id wa-Tarjamah), it means that, ability of hanwu knowledge is trusted as absolute condition as a tool for understanding text or word in classic Arabic that is not have line, and another sigh. Moreover, Arabic language viewed as a tool of communication in modern life, so that, the point of studying Arabic is ability for using language with active, and capable for comprehending utterance or expression in Arabic language. For shaping this ability can use Audio-Lingua Method.

For linguists, language is a system of abstract phonetic, phonological, lexical, synthetic, semantic, and pragmatic relations, and a tool for communication and expression. It is knowledge, culture, literature, civilization, and behavior. Therefore, language is considered the pillar of the nation and an important foundation for its civilization that expresses its entity and culture. The Arabic language is one of the basic constants of the Arab and Islamic nation, as it is the symbol of its identity and the tool of its artistic creations, and a landmark of its intellectual and literary production. Thinking about the present and future of the Arabic language is one of the most important interests that attract elites among linguists, thinkers and writers, and is closely related to the sovereignty of the Arab-Islamic nation, its culture and thought. Believing in the importance of the Arabic language, this study aims to highlight the challenges that Arabic faces in the twenty-first century: most notably the threat of cultural globalization, the growing role of the English language in most disciplines and sectors, in addition to the challenge of linguistic duplication in colloquial dialects; Then, he discussed how to advance the Arabic language and enhance its status and role in facing these currents and their challenges. In order to reach the goal, the research was divided into three sections, the first of which defined the language and the Arabic language and its status, the second talked about the most important contemporary challenges, and the third dealt with ways to confront these challenges and ways to enhance the Arabic language with all means of support and capabilities. It will have the greatest impact on her assuming the prestigious position that befits her primacy, originality and precedence.

The existence of social media makes the boundaries of time and space disappear. This phenomenon has led to the emergence of many people who are able to master more than one language as tool of communication, known as bilingualism, through language contact. This language contact phenomenon is evident in social media content, particularly on TikTok. Based on the phenomenon of language contact on TikTok, his study aims to explore how bilingual Indonesian-Russian speakers on TikTok employ communication accommodation strategies when interacting with native Indonesian speakers. This makes the study focusing on social media as a platform for language accommodation. This qualitative research applies a way of working that involves three strategic steps, namely collecting data, analysing data by identifying linguistic features using utterance analysis, and presenting the results of data analysis. The data used in this study amounted to 6 (six) videos obtained from the TikTok account @Bagus Istri Shine Rusia. This study concludes that @Bagus Istri Shine Rusia tends to use a communication accommodation strategy in the form of convergence like using English as more prestige language, with occasional use of divergence such as using slangs and non-formal form of the language. This shows that @Bagus Istri Shine Rusia in each video content tries to be similar and the same as the interlocutor and the audience. This research is beneficial to understand how bilinguals accommodate their communication with interlocutors of other languages.

The aim of the research is to show the recent linguistic studies and artificial intelligence and what they include in terms of objectives and obstacles, and this is on the Arabic language as a model, as the research problem is represented in stating the current impact of artificial intelligence in the Arabic language, and how this language was affected by the events taking place in the world, and its ability to keep pace with These streams In this research, we present a descriptive and analytical reading of the current reality of the Arabic language, and its relationship in reality to computing and artificial intelligence, and what it includes in terms of goals or obstacles in this language during this new field, and promising prospects for its expansion, and activating its programs and applications to be on the tip of the iceberg, Fruitful in solving problems and overcoming obstacles, Where the theoretical framework came in the study to learn about language computing, which is a set of applications that use artificial intelligence algorithms to solve linguistic issues. Symbolic systems and their use, Verbal comprehension, word fluency, relational fluency, verbal reasoning, verbal memory, grammar, and spelling. Accordingly, linguistic technology is based on transforming everything related to the language, such as syntax, morphology, rhetoric, propositions, and other branches of the Arabic language to another aspect called computerized digital images. Therefore, it is necessary to have There is interest in building and organizing the linguistic technology that contains these arts

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the negative particles that are used in Arabic literary discourse to provide additional support for linguistics and translation fields. It cares with how the meaningful learning activities benefit to formulate learners and translators to understand the form and function of negative particles. Methodology: The present study used the descriptive methods by collecting the data for the from some Arabic poets and analyzed in terms of syntax and semantics. It is hypothesized that the whole Arabic sentence is affected though the negation processes in many cases when one of the negative particles is used. Consequently, students might be interrupted by interference of their native languages. The extracts have been selected and analyzed to detect the ability to distinguish negation particles. Findings: The results of analysis indicate that Arabic and English languages are different completely in the way of using negative particles since the concentration in Arabic on (ma:) and (la:) which are used repeatedly by poets rather than other particles as (lam) and (lan) as well as both of (ma:) and (la:) are used in spoken language whereas the latter are used rather in written and this appears apparently in informal Arabic usage. Significance: The consequences of this paper will be valuable in increasing the provision and plan of future learning spaces and add worth to the present educational model. It is also constructive in controlling academics in formative the practical teaching and learning attitudes in the supple learning spaces. This type of research will help to improve the learners of both Arabic and English knowledge skills

The echo of love melody is still heard in the songs of the Arabic intellectual poet khalil Hawi and the legends of fairies' charm and the story of the apple of life are the most audible songs of his poems narrating the fable of early human innocence and his fall from the heaven to the earth. The present article aims to review the psychological implications of “fairy” and “love in Hawi's songs ,since the perpetual presence of these two motifs along with the evil archetypal symbols like magician, serpent, death, grave, cave,and… in his poetry, through drawing a cryptic and tragic atmosphere, depict ambiguous imaginations which fade away under a strange shadow and confront the human mind with this question that actually from which part of the poet’s mind these strange imaginations and high imagery- which are directed downward- are originated and how the presence of the mutual dimensions of archetypal symbols in his songs are justifiable. Keywords: love, fairy, unconscious mind, Hawi.

The article attempts to analyze the concepts of sign and symbol in the context of a cinematic work, based on the consideration of the system of signs and symbols. The article identifies an extremely important aspect of the roles and systems of signs and symbols in the context of cinematic works. The methodology of working with sign systems in cinematic works is investigated, taking into account existing research on this issue. For a deeper understanding and analysis, the article introduces the concept of «sensosphere», which reflects the complexity of sign systems in cinematic works. The paper examines two main areas of the «sensosphere»: the cultural code and the cinematic paradigm. The cultural code includes temporal, authorial, geographical, socio-cultural and historical paradigms, as well as the cultural-code association of characters and the cultural-code system of a cinematic work. The cinematic paradigm, in turn, combines directing and scripting, which influence the audience's perception. The article covers different approaches to the interpretation of signs and symbols. Attention is drawn to how signs and symbols not only shape the visual and textual form of a cinematic work, but also influence the audience's perception and interpretation of the content. The methodology and classification of the «sensosphere» provide a clear basis for further research and analysis of cinematic works, which can be useful for developing and analyzing cinematic works or preparing your own projects in this area. The analysis of literary sources, including the works of Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Umberto Eco, Lucien Levi-Bruhl, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Yuri Lotman, Vladimir Propp, Richard Rorty, Ferdinand de Saussure, reflects a wide range of theoretical approaches to sign systems in cinema and can be useful for deepening the understanding of this topic. Using the concept of «sensosphere», the article demonstrates how the complexity of sign systems can create multilayered meanings and provide a deeper level of interaction between a cinematic work and its audience. Thus, the article not only reveals the importance of sign systems in cinematic works, but also provides tools for their analysis and interpretation, which can be useful for both researchers and practitioners of the film industry.

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is the formal language in most Arabic countries. Arabic Dialects (AD) or daily language differs from MSA especially in social media communication. However, most Arabic social media texts have mixed forms and many variations especially between MSA and AD. This paper aims to bridge the gap between MSA and AD by providing a framework for the translation of texts of social media. More precisely, this paper focuses on the Tunisian Dialect of Arabic (TAD) with an application on automatic machine translation for a social media text into MSA and any other target language. Linguistic tools such as a bilingual TAD-MSA lexicon and a set of grammatical mapping rules are collaboratively constructed and exploited in addition to a language model to produce MSA sentences of Tunisian dialectal sentences. This work is a first-step towards collaboratively constructed semantic and lexical resources for Arabic Social Media within the ASMAT (Arabic Social Media Analysis Tools) project.

International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching ( IRAL ) is devoted to problems of general and applied linguistics in their various forms. IRAL 's long-term interest lies in areas of research which concern first- and second-language acquisition (including sign language and gestural systems). Contributions are welcome on naturalistic and instructed language learning, language loss, bilingualism, language contact, pidgins and creoles, language for specific purposes, language technology, mother-tongue education, terminology and translation. The journal also features occasional thematic issues.

This paper has examined how English and Kiswahili borrowed expressions have been localized in Kibena. The study was guided by Kachru theory of language dominance and deficit, which deals with language contact and lexical borrowing between donor and recipient languages. In this study English and Kiswahili were the donor language and Kibena was the recipient language whereby the Kibena speakers consciously or unconsciously localized English and Kibena words in Kibena during communication process. The study employed a mixed approach and a descriptive research design in data collection, presentation, and discussion. Data were collected from fourteen written texts and fifty respondents through a questionnaire, interview, and documentary review. The data were analyzed using conceptual and rational content analysis methods. The findings underscore the significance of language contact in developing Kibena lexical knowledge through new lexical creation, borrowing, or localization in order to fill the lexical gap and for prestige attainment. The study realized that English and Kiswahili lexical which were localization in Kibena influenced the development of new words in Kibena through loan blend words formation, neologism creation and word to word translation techniques. The language contact was found to be among of the language’s vocabularies enrichment through words borrowing, naturalization, and adaptation. It is recommended that other research be done on the role of the phonological adaptation process of English and Kiswahili words into Kibena during lexical localization.

The article presents a semiotic analysis of shamanic attributes and clothing of the Evens, documented during a 2024 expedition to the Srednekolymsky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The study focuses on a children’s shamanic set (khamasak teti kungangi) and a ritual headdress (khamasak avun) from the collection of the Berezovsky Evens. The author examines the symbolic language and sign functions of these objects, demonstrating their role as sacred cultural texts. The research reveals that the material world of shamanic cults constitutes a complex system of signs and symbols reflecting an archaic worldview. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of terminology associated with shamanic practices, which accumulates profound sacred meanings. The symbolic significance of these terms correlates with key concepts: “spirit”, “soul”, “thread”, “thought”, “ancestor”, “patron”, “totem”, “sign”, “receptacle”, “idol”, “image”, and others. An important aspect of the study is the analysis of the material culture of shamanic attributes. The children’s shamanic set, comprising a caftan, headdress, drum, and beater, is examined as an exact miniature replica of adult ritual attire. The headdress adorned with loon (ökänge) images and anthropomorphic elements (beyken) is analyzed as a complex semiotic object embodying the cosmological views of the Evens. Special emphasis is placed on investigating the technological features of shamanic attribute production, including the use of sacred materials (reindeer hair, rovduga) and specialized ornamentation techniques. The author highlights that these objects served multiple functions: as tools for communication with spirits, models of the universe, protective amulets, and vessels of traditional knowledge. The conducted analysis makes a significant contribution to the study of Even traditional culture, uncovering deep layers of their worldview and demonstrating the intricate system of symbolic codes embedded in shamanic attributes.

As we know deaf people present about 70 million of the person in the word. 17 million of this community is only in Arabic word. Therefore this community of person require more and more attention from researchers and precisely SLMT (Sign Language Machine Translation) researchers to be able to practice their natural right which is communication with other person. In this context the research laboratory LaTICE of the University of Tunis lunched science many years the project WebSign [1] aiming to translate automatically a written text to sign language whatever the language as input (English, French, Arabic, etc.). WebSign is a Web application. It is based on the technology of avatar (animation in virtual world). The input of the system is a text in natural language. The output is a real-time and online interpretation in sign language. This interpretation is constructed thanks to a dictionary of word and signs. The creation of this dictionary can be made in an incremental way by users who propose signs corresponding to words [2]. Our work as a part of this project aims to develop a translation module from Arabic text to Sign Language to be integrated in the WebSign project. This module offers to Arab Deaf and hearing people a tool facilitating their communication. Anyone can use this tool to translate an Arabic written text to Arabic Sign Language (ArSL). In fact in this level, it’s very useful to define a transcription system for Arabic Sign Language based on Arabic Gloss. This intermediate annotation system is a textual representation of sign language that covers the different parameters of the sign with a simplified representation to avoid the complexity of understanding [3].

Sign language employs signs made by hands and facial expressions to convey meaning. Sign language recognition facilitates the communication between community and hearing-impaired people. This work proposes a recognition system for Arabic sign language using four types of features, namely modified Fourier transform, local binary pattern, histogram of oriented gradients, and a combination of histogram of oriented gradients and histogram of optical flow. These features are evaluated using hidden Markov model on two databases. The best performance is achieved with modified Fourier transform and histogram of oriented gradients features with 99.11% and 99.33% accuracies, respectively. In addition, two algorithms are proposed, one for segmenting sign video streams captured by Microsoft Kinect V2 into signs and the second for hand detection in video streams. The obtained results show that our algorithms are efficient in segmenting sign video streams and detecting hands in video streams.