The colorimetric estimation of methylguanidine in biological fluids. (Preliminary report).

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Nitric Oxide on the Contractile Function of Cultured Chick Embryo Ventricular Myocytes

It is prescribed by the Waterworks Law of Japan that a cyanide ion should not be detected in tap water and that its detection should be performed by the pyridine-pyrazolone method after distillation of a sample and absorption of the distillate into a sodium hydroxide solution. However, this method is not reasonable because a cyanide ion has been converted to cyanogen chloride by chlorination of tap water and further the cyanogen chloride has been hydrolyzed to a cyanate ion by the sodium hydroxide solution. Therefore, the pyridine-pyrazolone method was applied directly to tap water without distillation, and the influence of possible factors on color development by the method was tested. Combined residual chlorine (NH2Cl) and metal ions such as Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ did not interfere with this method. A cupric ion gave a pinkish brown color. Potassium ferrocyanide and ferricyanide were not colored by the method. When it was doubtful whether the color development was due to cyano gen chloride, air was bubbled through a sample, and the gas released was absorbed into the color-developing solution. On the basis of these observations, it was found that the proposed method was applicable to the determination of cyanogen chloride in tap water.

We report preliminary experiments on a new, sensitive, and reliable procedure for enzyme immunoassay of various antigens in biological fluids. The method, developed from the biological model "hepatitis B surface-antigen/antibodies," is less time consuming than most immunochemical techniques and eliminates many inconveniences arising from use of isotopes. We use a solid-phase "sandwich" procedure, the antibodies being immobilized on gelatin membranes, and determine antigen concentration with the help of an iodide-sensitive electrode modified by fixing the active membrane onto the crystal sensor. We have established the analytical criteria of the method and compared it with the solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the surface antigen in dilution series. One-tenth microgram of antigen per liter can be reproducibly detected with our method. Use of antibody electrode should easily be extended to assay of other antigens and haptens that usually are determined by radioimmunoassay.

Article1 November 1947STREPTOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMANSI. MENINGITIS AND GENERALIZED HEMATOGENOUS TUBERCULOSIS*WALSH MCDERMOTT, CARL MUSCHENHEIM, F.A.C.P., SUSAN J. HADLEY, PAUL A. BUNN, ROSEMARY V. GORMANWALSH MCDERMOTT, CARL MUSCHENHEIM, F.A.C.P., SUSAN J. HADLEY, PAUL A. BUNN, ROSEMARY V. GORMANAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-27-5-769 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptINTRODUCTIONShortly after the first report on streptomycin by Waksman and his associates,1Feldman and Hinshaw observed that the drug exerted a pronounced effect upon the course of tuberculous infections in guinea pigs.2On the basis of these findings, a clinical investigation was started, and in September 1945 Hinshaw and Feldman reported that streptomycin exerted a suppressive effect upon the course of various forms of tuberculous infections in humans.3Although the therapeutic claims of these investigators were notably restrained in this and their subsequent reports,4, 5it was apparent that the alterations in the course of tuberculous infections observed by...Bibliography1. SCHATZBUGIEWAKSMAN AESA: Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1944, lv, 66-69. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FELDMANHINSHAW WHHC: Effects of streptomycin on experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs: A preliminary report, Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clinic, 1944, xix, 593-599. Google Scholar3. HINSHAWFELDMAN HCWH: Streptomycin in treatment of clinical tuberculosis: A preliminary report, Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clinic, 1945, xx, 313-318. Google Scholar4. HINSHAWFELDMANPFEUTZE HCWHKH: Treatment of tuberculosis with streptomycin, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxii, 778-782. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. HINSHAWPYLEFELDMAN HCMMWH: Streptomycin in tuberculosis, Am. Jr. Med., 1947, ii, 429-435. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. MUSCHENHEIMMCDERMOTTHADLEYHULL-SMITHTRACY CWSJHA: Streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis in humans. II. Pulmonary tuberculosis, Ann. Int. Med. (To be published.) Google Scholar7. FARRINGTONHULL-SMITHBUNNMCDERMOTT RFHPAW: Streptomycin toxicity: Reactions to highly purified drug on long continued administration to human subjects, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1947, cxxxiv, 679-688. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. FRIEDTITUS JE: Streptomycin B, an antibiotically active constituent of streptomycin concentrates, Jr. Biol. Chem., 1947, clxviii, 391-392. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. HOBBYLENERT GTF: Biological activity of a residual form of streptomycin against Eberthella typhosa , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1947, lxv, 249-254. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. MCDERMOTT W: Toxicity of streptomycin, Am. Jr. Med., 1947, ii, 491-500. CrossrefGoogle Scholar11. DUBOSDAVIS RJBD: Factors affecting the growth of tubercle bacilli in liquid media, Jr. Exper. Med., 1946, lxxxiii, 409-423. CrossrefGoogle Scholar12. STEBBINSROBINSON RBHJ: A method for determination of streptomycin in body fluids, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1945, lix, 255. CrossrefGoogle Scholar13. BOXERJELINEKLEGHORN GEVCPM: The colorimetric determination of streptomycin in clinical preparations, urine, and brain, Jr. Biol. Chem., 1947, clxix, 153. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. STEVENSONALVORDCORRELL LDECJW: Degeneration and necrosis of neurones in eighth cranial nuclei caused by streptomycin, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1947, lxv, 86-88. CrossrefGoogle Scholar15. : Diagnostic Standards and Classifications of Tuberculosis, 1940, New York. Google Scholar16. FLOREYKIDDMCDERMOTTMUSCHENHEIM CJWC: To be published. Google Scholar17. KARLSONFELDMAN AGWH: Resistance of tubercle bacilli to streptomycin in guinea pigs after administration of the drug: The effect on response to treatment with streptomycin, Abstr. Proc. Soc. Am. Bacteriologists, Philadelphia, May 1947, pg. 67. Google Scholar18. YOUMANSWILLISTON GPEH: Effect of streptomycin on experimental infections produced in mice with streptomycin resistant strains of M. tuberculosis var. hominis , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1946, lxiii, 131-134. CrossrefGoogle Scholar19. STEENKENWOLINSKY WE: Personal communication. Google Scholar20. FISHER MW: Personal communication. Google Scholar21. SELBIE FR: Microbial resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, Brit. Med. Bull., 1946, iv, 267. CrossrefGoogle Scholar22. MILLERBOHNHOFF CPM: Observations on the development of streptomycin resistance by meningococcus. Presented at Conference on Antibiotic Research held at Washington, D. C., on January 31 and February 1, 1947, under the auspices of the Antibiotics Study Section, National Institute of Health. Google Scholar23. HALLSPINK WHWW: In vitro sensitivity of brucella to streptomycin: Development of resistance during streptomycin treatment, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1947, lxiv, 403-406. CrossrefGoogle Scholar24. RICH AR: The pathogenesis of tuberculosis, 1944, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. CrossrefGoogle Scholar25. MIDDLEBROOKYEGIAN GD: Certain effects of streptomycin on mycobacteria in vitro, Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1946, liv, 553-558. Google Scholar26. YOUMANS GP: A method for the determination of the culture cycle on the growth rate of virulent human type tubercle bacilli, Jr. Bacteriol., 1946, li, 703-710. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Portions of this study were presented before the annual meetings of: the American College of Physicians, April 29, 1947; the American Society for Clinical Investigation, May 5, 1947; and the Section on Internal Medicine of the American Medical Association, June 12, 1947.From the Department of Medicine of the New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical College.The first part of this investigation was conducted under the direction of the National Research Council Committee on Chemotherapeutics and Other Agents, Dr. Chester S. Keefer, Chairman. The subsequent investigation is a part of the Streptomycin Manufacturers-American Trudeau Society program which is being conducted in collaboration with the Tuberculosis Study Section of the National Institute of Health. The streptomycin was furnished by the Chemotherapeutic Committee; by a generous donation from Charles Pfizer and Company, Inc., Brooklyn; and from supplies donated to the American Trudeau Society by the Streptomycin Manufacturers.The study was aided in part by grants from the National Institute of Health, and from the Lederle Laboratories, Inc., Pearl River, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByReview on Tuberculosis: Trends in the Discovery of New and Efficient Chemotherapeutic AgentsOrigins of Combination Therapy for Tuberculosis: Lessons for Future Antimicrobial Development and ApplicationTuberculosisEpidemiology of Resistance to Antibacterial AgentsWalsh McDermott and Changing Conceptions of Tuberculosis Antibiotic TherapyAPPENDIXDrug-Resistant TuberculosisMolecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis: Current InsightsTreatment of Active Tuberculosis: Challenges and ProspectsAmerican Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of AmericaProblems with Magic Bullets: Future Trials and Multiagent TherapyIntroductionMultiple Therapeutic Agents - Will Individual Therapies, Each of Which Improves Patients, When Given Together, Change Mortality?Multiple Therapeutic Agents — Are We Making Progress?HIV/AIDS treatment: lessons from the tuberculosis experienceOpportunities and challenges in the design of implantable biodegradable polymeric systems for the delivery of antimicrobial agents and vaccinesChoroidal Tubercles A Clue to Hematogenous TuberculosisDONALD MASSARO, M.D., SOL KATZ, M.D., MURRAY SACHS, M.D.Experimental Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial InfectionsTHE PRESENT STATUS OF THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMTuberculous pericarditis∗Die psychischen Störungen bei Infektions- und TropenkrankheitenRecurrent Military TuberculosisMICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS*†MARK H. LEPPER, M.D.Miliary Calcification of the Lungs after Treated Miliary TuberculosisTHE EFFECT OF STREPTOMYCIN AND ISONIAZID ON MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS AND TUBERCULOUS MENINGITISTuberculous pericarditisTUBERCULOUS PERICARDITIS: A REPORT OF THREE CASES TREATED WITH STREPTOMYCIN*ROBERT P. NATELSONSTUDIES ON STREPTOMYCIN-RESISTANT STRAINS OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS. I*THE EFFECT OF STREPTOMYCIN ON TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS*HENRY D. BRAINERD, M.D., HENRY R. EAGLE, M.D.The use of streptomycin during pregnancyFibrocaseous Cerebellar TuberculomaSTREPTOMYCIN IN ACUTE MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS A REPORT TO THE MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCILSTREPTOMYCIN AND THE PRIMARY LUNG LESION IN TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDRENThe Relation of Cavity to the Development of Streptomycin-Resistant Tubercle Bacilli in Pulmonary TuberculosisThe Value of Streptomycin in the Treatment of TuberculosisSTREPTOMYCIN AND PROMIZOLE IN MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS AND TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS IN CHILDRENINTERMITTENT DOSAGE SCHEDULES OF STREPTOMYCIN WITH RESULTANT PROLONGED SENSITIVITY OF M. TUBERCULOSIS*VERN F. DEYKE, MYRON W. FISHER, LYNN A. JAMES, LEROY J. SIDESDiscussion on Streptomycin in MeningitisSTREPTOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS*J. BURNS AMBERSON, F.A.C.P., WILLIAM H. STEARNSTREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS WITH STREPTOMYCINSTREPTOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMANS II. PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS*CARL MUSCHENHEIM, F.A.C.P., WALSH MCDERMOTT, SUSAN J. HADLEY, HARRIET HULL-SMITH, ALICE TRACY 1 November 1947Volume 27, Issue 5Page: 769-822KeywordsChemotherapeutic agentsDrugsRiversStreptococcal infectionsStreptomycin Issue Published: 1 November 1947 PDF DownloadLoading ...

Exploring a multiplex DNA methylation-based SNP typing method for body fluids identification: As a preliminary report

The case history and toxicological findings of a fatal suicidal valproic acid overdose are presented. Valproic acid concentrations were determined in body tissues and fluids by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) following both direct extraction and the method of standards addition and quantitative fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The quantitative results obtained by the three procedures were in good agreement. Qualitative identification of valproic acid as its methylated derivative was by ion-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Toxicological analysis by direct extraction GLC yielded the following valproate concentrations (mg/mL or mg/kg): blood, 1050; bile, 713; brain, 510; heart, 670; kidney, 1580; liver, 985; and vitreous, 516. A total of 15.1 g of valproate was recovered in the stomach contents. These findings far exceed those associated with valproate therapy and are similar to the limited valproate disposition data reported in prior fatal overdoses.

The extension of microfluidics to many bioassay applications requires the ability to work with non-Newtonian fluids. One case in point is the use of microfluidics with blood having different hematocrit levels. This work is the first part of a two-part study and presents the formation dynamics of blood droplets in a T-junction generator under the squeezing regime. In this regime, droplet formation with Newtonian fluids depends on T-junction geometry; however, we found that in the presence of the non-Newtonian fluid such as red blood cells, the formation depends on not only to the channel geometry, but also the flow rate ratio of fluids, and the viscosity of the phases. In addition, we analyzed the impact of the red blood cell concentration on the formation cycle. In this study, we presented the experimental data of the blood droplet evolution through the analysis of videos that are captured by a high-speed camera. During this analysis, we tracked several parameters such as droplet volume, spacing between droplets, droplet generation frequency, flow conditions, and geometrical designs of the T junction. Our analysis revealed that, unlike other non-Newtonian fluids, where the fourth stage exists (stretching stage), the formation cycle consists of only three stages: lag, filling, and necking stages. Because of the detailed analysis of each stage, a mathematical model can be generated to predict the final volume of the blood droplet and can be utilized as a guide in the operation of the microfluidic device for biochemical assay applications; this is the focus of the second part of this study [Phys. Rev. E 105, 025106 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevE.105.025106].

The tremendous enhancement factors possessed by surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS), coupled with the flexibility of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), pave the way to a new generation of ultrasensitive biosensors. This review article aims to provide the latest advancement in SERS‐based PCF sensors for various biochemical applications. Such a sensitive biosensor could be translated for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids for early diagnosis of diseases.Further details can be found in the article by U. S Dinish, Flavien Beffara, Georges Humbert, Jean‐Louis Auguste, and Malini Olivo (e201900027).image

A recent field survey of the elite Middle Kingdom cemetery at Beni Hassan has revealed many unusual animal motifs, including examples of creatures that are rarely attested in the artistic record and entirely new scenes. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the rich zoological repertoire at the site and its potential to enlighten our understanding of the Egyptians' intriguing relationship with the animal world. These are confirmation of a tame Egyptian mongoose represented in the Eleventh Dynasty tomb of Baqet I (no. 29) and a new image of a pelican in full color in the Eleventh Dynasty tomb of Baqet II (no. 33).

(1) All the phenomena hitherto ascribed to the characteristic catalytic action of Japanese acid earth can be explained by taking its strong electron-seeking property into consideration. Thus its ability to promote the hydrolysis of cane sugar or starch and the oxidation of pyrogallol and its property to give various oxidase-like colour reactions are all due to its selective adsorptive power for hydroxyl ion. The facts can similarly be explained that the dehydration or deamination of various organic compounds takes place through its catalytic action followed by the intramolecular rearrangement, as observed in the reaction of producing cyclopentane derivatives from cyclohexanol, cyclohexylamine or their methyl derivatives. The initial step of the formation of β,β′-dinaphthyl from naphthalene in the presence of the earth is the polarisation of the naphthalene molecule promoted by its electron-seeking property. (2) Several diarylacetaldehydes have been newly synthesised and found to rearrange themselves to give the corresponding ketones, when heated at 300°C. in the presence of the earth. Thus phenyl p-tolyl and m-tolyl p-tolyl acetaldehydes gave phenyl p-methylbenzyl and m-tolyl p-methylbenzyl ketones respectively, while o-tolyl p-tolyl and p-tolyl p-chlorophenyl acetaldehydes gave the respective mixtures of o-toly p-methylbenzyl and p-tolyl o-methylbenzyl ketones and of p-chlorophenyl p-methylbenzyl and p-tolyl p-chlorobenzyl ketones. (3) By comparing the yields in the isomeric ketones thus produced the order of the facility of separation of the different aryl groups was determined as follows:— Phenyl, m-tolyl>p-chlorophenyl>o-tolyl>p-tolyl. The phenyl group may most probably have the greater migratory tendency than the m-tolyl. (4) The mechanism of the conversion of the aldehydes to the ketones has been discussed. It has been postulated that an electromeric displacement of electrons in the carbonyl group (Remark: Graphics omitted.) is promoted by the action of the earth, and one of the aryl groups migrates with its valency electrons from the adjacent a-carbon atom to the depleted carbonyl carbon. A proton is then splitted from the carbonyl carbon and unites with the carbonyl oxygen to give the enolic form of the ketone, isomeric to the aldehyde. The conclusion has been reached that the more electron-attracting of the two aryl groups must be first separated as anion. (5) It was confirmed that the capacity of the p-tolyl group for electron-release is much larger than those of o-tolyl, m-tolyl, phenyl and p-chlorophenyl groups. By these results a new chemical evidence has been given for the tautomeric effect of the methyl group. (6) Following compounds have been newly synthesised and their constitutions were confirmed:— a-phenyl a-p-tolyl, a-m-tolyl a-p-tolyl, a-o-tolyl a-p-tolyl and a-p-chlorophenyl a-p-tolyl ethylene glycols and their benzoyl derivatives; p-tolyl m-methylbenzyl, m-tolyl p-methylbenzyl, o-tolyl p-methylbenzyl, p-tolyl o-methylbenzyl, p-chlorophenyl p-methyl-benzyl and p-tolyl p-chlorobenzyl ketones and their oximes and semi-carbazones; m-tolyl p-tolyl, o-tolyl p-tolyl and p-tolyl p-chlorophenyl acetic acids; p-methylbenzoyl carbinol, p-chlorobenzoyl methyl acetate and p-chlorobenzoyl carbinol. (7) o-Tolyl p-methylbenzyl and m-tolyl p-methylbenzyl ketones have been found to be oxidised slowly by the action of atmospheric oxygen on long standing, giving the mixtures of o-toluic and p

Guanidino compounds in guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, a new inborn error of creatine synthesis

Microdetermination of magnesium in biological fluids

An improved method for colorimetric determination of proline with isatin

Methylation artifacts in the gas chromatography of serum extracts : Competitive suppression with trimethyl-d 9 anilinium hydroxide

Assay of the Acetyl-CoA Probe Acetyl-Sulfamethoxazole and of Sulfamethoxazole by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry