The Development of a Virtual Liquid Chromatography Method Development Tool

The impact of virtual simulation tools on problem-solving and new product development organization

Determination of skill and knowledge requirements of an instrument nurse working in major vascular surgery for the development of a virtual reality training tool

The development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method to determine the radiochemical purity of [177Lu]Lu-HA-DOTA-TATE in pharmaceutical preparations

The rapid and direct determination of ATPase activity by ion exchange chromatography and the application to the activity of heat shock protein-90

Learning tool based teaching is an important way for pre-school education. It pays more attention on teaching comparing with toys. Virtual learning tool is one of the trends of learning tool development and application. Compared with practical material tool, virtual learning tool has a strongly competitive advantage in perceptible dimensions, expanded reusability and status saving. But its development was greatly constrained by the lack of technology supporting good operational interaction. The appearance of multi-touch technology gave us a new idea and motivation. The conception of multi-touch virtual tools was introduced in this paper and its application was demonstrated by the development and experiment of a virtual learning tool software called "e-Wa Sketchpad".

DN-Edit is a virtual environment developed to allow the manipulation of non-uniform rational b-spline (NURBS) surfaces using virtual shaping tools. NURBS have become the industry standard for representation of free-form curves and surfaces. The contribution of the work presented here is in the development of shaping tools which are used to operate directly on the NURBS data and change the shape of the surfaces in a virtual environment. These shaping tools allow surface manipulations to be made using methods that match the shaping of real malleable objects. The virtual shaping tools are three-dimensional shapes that are controlled through a six degree-of-freedom tracking system that converts user hand motions into computer input. The NURBS surface updates itself in real time due to the effect of the tools on the surface. The new shape of the surface is dependent on the position and orientation of the shaping tool relative to the surface. Constraint-based surface manipulation is used to obtain multiple point direct manipulation of NURBS surfaces. In addition, computational methods to allow the user to have direct control of the first derivative of the surface over an area are implemented. This application has been developed using the C2 software libraries and Iowa State University’s C2 surround screen virtual environment.

Background: Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent widely employed in the treat ment of systemic and superficial fungal infections. Accurate, precise, and reliable quantification of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in dosage forms is of critical importance for both quality control and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In this study, a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determina tion of fluconazole in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Zorbax C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of a methanol–water mixture (70 : 30, v/v) in an isocratic system at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The injection volume was set at 5 μL, the detection wavelength at 210 nm, and the column temperature at 30°C. The system suitability parameters of the method were found to be within the acceptable limits. Results: The retention time for fluconazole was determined as 1.13 ± 0.03 minutes. The method demonstrated linearity within the concentration range of 3.0 × 10−7 M to 9.0 × 10−6 M, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 6.0 × 10−8 M and 1.8 × 10−7 M, respectively. Accuracy and precision values were within acceptable ranges for both intra-day and inter-day analyses. Recovery values ranged from 96.2% to 101.3%, while the relative standard deviation values remained below 2%. Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method is a simple, accurate, precise, and robust approach that can be employed for the routine quality control of fluconazolen in pharmaceutical preparations. Moreover, the high sensitivity and reproducibility of the method indicate its potential applicability for the determination of fluconazole in biological samples in future studies. Cite this article as: Dal Poçan AG. Development and validation of a rapid reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of fluconazole in pharmaceutical preparations. Trends in Pharmacy, 2025, 2, 0011, doi: 10.5152/TrendsPharm.2025.25011

El objetivo virtual de aprendizaje como herramienta pedagógica virtual en tatuadores, piercers y modificadores corporales

Overweight and obesity is a global health problem and the related challenges are complex and difficult to address. Healthcare professionals working across different settings have opportunities to engage in weight-related discussions, but often there are perceived barriers to communication. Training in this area provides healthcare professionals with little opportunity for skills-based communication practice because the training is mostly limited to the medical impacts of overweight and obesity. A virtual reality (VR) training tool could offer the opportunity to learn and practice sensitive communication skills in a safe and practical way. This paper describes the research methodology that will be used to develop and test the feasibility of a VR training tool to improve weight-related communication with patients who are overweight and obese in healthcare settings.The study design will use a mixed method approach over 4 phases; (1) Systematic literature review (2) Design and development of the VR training tool (3) Usability testing and (4) A Feasibility study of the VR training tool. A Twitter chat will be used to gather feedback from the public and semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals will inform the design of the VR tool. The anticipated outcome of this PhD is the development and feasibility testing of a VR training tool to improve weight-related communication with patients who are overweight and obese in healthcare settings.

The implementation of 'Analytical Quality by Design' (AQbD) is currently recognised as a methodical and scientific approach to liquid chromatographic (LC) method development. It begins with defining the Analytical Target Profile (ATP), identifying Critical Method Parameters (CMPs) and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) or responses. This process also includes risk assessment study by Design of Experiment (DoE) and to optimise LC effectively. The next step is to create an analytical design space and implement a control strategy that will allow for continuous method improvement over the life of the method. Understanding the AQbD principles, methodologies, techniques and applications towards the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method lifecycle is considered as essential in today's pharmaceutical landscape. As industry demands for quality assurance and regulatory compliance, this review paper briefly discusses the AQbD principles and methodology in HPLC method lifecycle. Also, the paper covers AQbD components such as identification of ATP, CQA, MODR (method operable design region), control strategies and continuous method monitoring. In addition, it also covers regulatory perspectives on AQbD, obstacles and potential outcomes in the development of pharmaceutical analytical methods. These aspects provide valuable insights into the application of AQbD in the field of LC.

Purpose of the article: to increase fault tolerance, security level and simplify the process of updating systems using a micro service architecture using virtualization tools. Method: Using microkernel virtualization tools called Unikernel images. Unikernel are virtual machine images containing a single application. Each micro service of the system runs in the Unikernel image, the processes and services used are not contained in the image. The result: a definition of Unikernel is given; a comparison is made with existing virtualization systems. The mechanisms that implement the Unikernel technology are listed. The definitions of the library operating system and microkernel are given. The definition of Unikernel is given as a technology that combines library operating systems and microkernels. The main advantages of using Unikernel are listed: ensuring the security of information systems and ease of updates. A developed software tool for testing Unikernel images for the possibility of penetrating an information system in the event of a vulnerability of the “remote execution of arbitrary code” type in the software tool. The image was tested. In conclusion, the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of Unikernel technology for building systems with a micro service architecture, in particular for building SIEM systems.

Chapter 14 - Method development in liquid chromatography

Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the most potent antifungal agents and the drug of choice in the treatment of serious fungal infections. A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed to determine AmB in pharmaceutical formulations for injection, tissue culture, cream, and lotion. pBondapak C18 reversed-phase column and a simple mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (40 + 54 + 6, v/v) was used. The flow rate was 1.8 mL/min and the effluent was monitored at 405 nm. The developed LC method uses piroxicam as an internal standard and has a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL, a limit of quantitation of 30 ng/mL, and the assay is linear from 0.01 to 100 microg/mL. AmB and piroxicam elute with retention times of 12.4 and 4.0 min, respectively, and the resolution between AmB and piroxicam was 10.6. In comparison with the official United States Pharmacopeia microbial assay for AmB, this LC method is more rapid, selective, sensitive, and offers positive identification.

In the present investigation, a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed for quantification of Upadacitinib (UCB) in spiked human plasma. The drug UCB was extracted by liquid –liquid extraction using diethyl ether and chloroform in the ratio of 75:25 (v/v). The drug Leflunomide (LFM) was used as an internal standard. The extracted drug mixture was followed by the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis and electrospray ionization interface. The chromatographic separation of UCB was carried out on Phenomenex Luna C18 column (100mm X 2.0 mm X 5μm) at ambient temperature followed by isocratic elution of 0.05% formic acid in methanol and acetonitrile in the ratio of 65:30(v/v). The method is concluded at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, 262 nm of UV detector wavelength. Protonated ions formed by electrospray ionization were recorded in the positive mode and were used to detect the analyte (UCB) with internal standard (LFM). The mass detection was made by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 381.0 for UCB m/z 271.0 for LCM on mass spectrometer. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and recovery. The assay was linear over the entire range of calibration standards i.e 2.5-500ng/mL. The recoveries of the UCB after liquid-liquid extraction at 5, 20, 35 ng/mL were 100.7, 99.4 and 99.8. The lowest limit of the analytical method of UCB was 2 ng/mL in spiked human plasma. The developed method was successfully validated and can be used for determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the UCB in biological samples.

The objective of this paper is to deliver an efficient structured methodology for spatially distributed but collaborative frugal product development to fulfil the requirements of emerging markets. The utilisation of local content, customer feedback, and preferences are respected to enable the customisation of products and attributes in the customer's environment. Virtual customer inspection tool based on augmented reality is developed and presented for remote customer interactions, recording feedback, preferences, and customisations. The developed tool enables the interaction of the customer with the product in digital, semi-finished, and finished form, which is capturing customer experiences, integrates geographical spread, and validates the product in the customer's environment. To achieve this, the tool uses intelligent decision-making with the incorporation of analytic hierarchy process, where satisfaction evaluation of the customer is used to achieve optimal requirements for frugal product development. The developed tool and associated remote virtual customer interactions are demonstrated with use cases.