The Kac–Bernstein functional equation on Abelian groups

Algebraic structure of codes over Fq, closed under arbitrary abelian group G of permutations with exponent relatively prime to q, called G-invariant codes, is investigated using a transform domain approach. In particular, this general approach unveils algebraic structure of quasi-cyclic codes, abelian codes, cyclic codes, and quasi-abelian codes with restriction on G to appropriate special cases. Dual codes of G-invariant codes and self-dual G-invariant codes are characterized. The number of G-invariant self-dual codes for any abelian group G is found. In particular, this gives the number of self-dual l-quasi-cyclic codes of length ml over Fq when (m,q)=1. We extend Tanner's approach for getting a bound on the minimum distance from a set of parity check equations over an extension field and outline how it can be used to get a minimum distance bound for a G-invariant code. Karlin's decoding algorithm for a systematic quasi-cyclic code with a single row of circulants in the generator matrix is extended to the case of systematic quasi-abelian codes. In particular, this can be used to decode systematic quasi-cyclic codes with columns of parity circulants in the generator matrix.

The failure of spectral synthesis on some types of discrete Abelian groups

В наших предыдущих работах мы продемонстрировали, что теория конечных подмножеств различных ассоциативных алгебр позволяет интерпретировать элементарную арифметику, в частности, она неразрешима. Например, это было показано для любых бесконечных абелевых групп. Возникает естественный вопрос: можно ли обобщить этот результат на более широкий класс алгебр, скажем, все коммутативные моноиды. В некоторых случаях нами ответ тоже получен ранее: для коммутативных моноидов с сокращением, имеющим элемент бесконечного порядка или произвольных абелевых групп. Сейчас же мы продемонстрируем, что не для всяких коммутативных моноидов это верно. Более того, мы дадим описание конструкции, которая позволяет строить такого рода системы из разного рода исходных алгебр. Вместе с тем, будут указаны и некоторые границы её применимости. In our previous works, we have proved for various associative algebras that the finite subsets theory allows to interpret elementary arithmetic, in particular, such theory is undecidable. For example, this is proved for all infinite Abelian groups. A natural question arises: can we generalize this result to a wider class of algebras, for example, all commutative monoids. In some cases, we also have proved analogous result: for commutative cancellative monoids with an element of infinite order, or arbitrary Abelian groups. In this paper we prove that this is not true for arbitrary commutative monoids. Moreover, we propose a method that allows to construct such algebras by various original algebras. Also, we have found a limitation of this method.

Cohomological dimension and acyclic resolutions

In this chapter, we discuss several special types of modules that will make frequent appearances later. These include semisimple modules, artinian modules, and torsionfree modules, which have prototypes in vector spaces, finite abelian groups, and torsionfree abelian groups, respectively. That special types of modules have useful roles in the study of arbitrary modules may be seen already in the case of abelian groups (i.e., ℤ-modules). In studying an arbitrary abelian group, an almost reflexive first step is to look at its torsion part (i.e., the torsion subgroup) and its torsionfree part (i.e., the factor group modulo the torsion subgroup), since entirely different techniques are available (and needed) for dealing with torsion groups and torsionfree groups. On the torsionfree side, vector spaces make an appearance due to the facts that the torsionfree divisible abelian groups are exactly the vector spaces over ℚ and that every torsionfree abelian group can be embedded in a divisible one. On the torsion side, many questions can be reduced to the case of finite abelian groups, since every torsion abelian group is a directed union of finite subgroups. In studying torsion abelian groups, one also reduces to the case of p -groups for various primes p . Vector spaces make another appearance here, since in an abelian p -group the set of elements of order p (together with 0) forms a vector space over ℤ/ p ℤ.

Algebraic structure of codes closed under arbitrary abelian group G of permutations is investigated resulting in insight into dual of G-invariant codes and self-dual G-invariant codes. For special types of the groups, these codes give cyclic, abelian, quasi-cyclic and quasi-abelian codes. Karlin's decoding algorithm for systematic one-generator quasicyclic codes is extended for systematic quasi-abelian codes with any number of generators.

We define two invariants for (semiprime right Goldie) algebras, one for algebras graded by arbitrary abelian groups, which is unchanged under twists by $2$-cocycles on the grading group, and one for $\mathbb Z$-graded or $\mathbb Z_{\ge 0}$-filtered algebras. The first invariant distinguishes quantum algebras which are "truly multiparameter" apart from ones that are "essentially uniparameter", meaning cocycle twists of uniparameter algebras. We prove that both invariants are stable under adjunction of polynomial variables. Methods for computing these invariants for large families of algebras are given, including quantum nilpotent algebras and algebras admitting one quantum cluster, and applications to non-isomorphism theorems are obtained.

Historically, the study of graded (twisted or otherwise) Calabi–Yau algebras has meant the study of such algebras under an N-grading. In this paper, we propose a suitable definition for a twisted G-graded Calabi–Yau algebra, for G an arbitrary abelian group. Building on the work of Reyes and Rogalski, we show that a G-graded algebra is twisted Calabi–Yau if and only if it is G-graded twisted Calabi–Yau. In the second half of the paper, we prove that localizations of twisted Calabi–Yau algebras at elements which form both left and right denominator sets remain twisted Calabi–Yau. As such, we obtain a large class of Z-graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebras arising as localizations of Artin–Schelter regular algebras. Throughout the paper, we survey a number of concrete examples of G-graded twisted Calabi–Yau algebras, including the Weyl algebras, families of generalized Weyl algebras, and universal enveloping algebras of finite dimensional Lie algebras.

We study bases of the lattice generated by the cycles of an undirected graph, defined as the integer linear combinations of the 0/1-incidence vectors of cycles. We prove structural results for this lattice, including explicit formulas for its dimension and determinant, and we present efficient algorithms to construct lattice bases, using only cycles as generators, in quadratic time. By algebraic considerations, we relate these results to the more general setting with coefficients from an arbitrary Abelian group. Our results generalize classical results for the vector space of cycles of a graph over the binary field to the case of an arbitrary field.

Identities and isomorphisms of graded simple algebras

First, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a torsion-free rank-one subgroup of an arbitrary abelian group to be purifiable in a given group and show that all pure hulls of a purifiable torsion-free rank-one subgroup are isomorphic. Next, we show that if a $T(G)$-high subgroup A of an abelian group $G$ is purifiable in $G$, then there exists a subgroup $T'$ of $T(G)$ such that $G=H\oplus T'$ for every pure hull $H$ of $A$ in $G$. An abelian group $G$ is said to be a strongly ADE decomposable group if there exists a purifiable $T(G)$-high subgroup of $G$. We present an example $G$ such that not all $T(G)$-high subgroups of a strongly ADE decomposable group G are purifiable in $G$. Moreover, we characterize the strongly ADE decomposable groups of torsion-free rank 1. Finally, we use previous results to give a necessary and sufficient condition for an abelian group of torsion-free rank 1 to be splitting.

In this paper, we establish some Hyers–Ulam stability and hyperstability results of the following functional equation [Formula: see text] in the class of functions from an abelian group [Formula: see text] into a [Formula: see text]-Banach space.

Let W be a Banach space, \((V,+)\) be a commutative group, p be an endomorphism of V, and \(\overline{p}:V\to V\) be defined by \(\overline{p}(x):=x-p(x)\) for \(x\in V\). We present some results on the Hyers–Ulam type stability for the following functional equation $$f(p(x)+\overline{p}(x))+f(\overline{p}(x)+p(y))=f(x)+f(y),$$ in the class of functions \(f:V\to W\).KeywordsHyers–Ulam stability p-Wright affine functionPolynomial function

Functional equations in three classes of entire functions related to sine type functions are considered. These functional equations occur in inverse Sturm–Liouville problems with eigenvalue parameter dependent boundary conditions. In the first class \(\mathcal {A}\), which consists of certain pairs of entire functions (P, Q) with leading terms \(-\lambda \sin \lambda a\) and \(\cos \lambda a\), respectively, it is shown that, for each \(\eta \in \mathbb {R}\), the functional equation \(Q(\lambda )Y(\lambda )-P(\lambda )Z(\lambda )=\eta \) has a unique solution (Y, Z) in \(\mathcal {A}\). As a consequence, the functional equation \(Q(\lambda )S_1(\lambda )-P(\lambda )S_0(\lambda )=1 \) has a unique solution \((S_1,S_0)\) in a class of functions with leading terms \(\cos \lambda a\) and \(\lambda ^{-1}\sin \lambda a\), respectively. A third class of families \(\Phi _\alpha \), \(\alpha >0\), \(\alpha \not =1\), consists of entire functions with leading terms \(-\lambda \sin \lambda a+i\lambda \alpha \cos \lambda a\). It is shown that for each \(\phi \in \Phi _\alpha \) and \(\Delta \in \mathbb {R}\), the functional equation \(\phi (\lambda )X(-\lambda )-\phi (-\lambda )X(\lambda )=2i\alpha \lambda \Delta \) has a unique solution \(X\in \Phi _\alpha \).

The general solution of the multiplicative symmetric functional equation $$f(f(x)y)=f(xf(y))$$, in abelian groups, was given by Dhombres. But it is still an open problem in non-abelian groups and abelian quasi-groups. In this paper, by using a new approach introduced by the author, we give a vast class of its solutions in arbitrary semigroups. It also works for non-abelian groups, and gives its general solution in abelian groups with a different representation from Dhombres’s solution. Also, we introduce some related equations and closed relationships between decomposer type and multiplicative symmetric equations. It is worth noting that the new approach and methods can be used for studying the equation on magmas (groupoids) as the most general algebraic structures for the topic. At last we pose a conjecture that guesses the general solution in arbitrary groups (and possibly semigroups).