The new Marine Stewardship Council requirements to improve ghost gear management

Certification according to private sustainability standards (ecolabelling) has become an important addition to public fisheries management in recent years. The major global ecolabel in terms of comprehensiveness and coverage is the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Fisheries Standard. Under the MSC Standard, the status of the fishery’s target stocks, its impact on the wider ecosystem and the effectiveness of its management system are assessed. Becoming and remaining certified requires continuous behavioural adaptation from fisheries through a fine-meshed system of conditions attached to certification. In this article, MSC certification of two clusters of fisheries in Arctic waters is discussed, one large- and one small-scale. In the Barents Sea cod and haddock fisheries, the main obstacle to certification has been the fisheries’ impact on endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species and bottom habitats, and in order to remain certified beyond the first five-year certification period, the fishing companies have had to introduce a number of voluntary measures beyond what is required by law. In the local lumpfish fisheries in Greenland, Iceland and Norway, conditions attached to certification have been related to the effects of these fisheries on seabirds and marine mammals. Here essential parts of a management regime, such as biological reference points and harvest control rules, have come about as a direct result of MSC certification. MSC certification is no panacea, but it seems to have found a niche as a supplement to national legislation and international agreements.

Climate change is a primary factor influencing alterations in watershed hydrology. Associated changes in temperature and precipitation can influence the fate and transport of non-point source pollution within a watershed, which complicates the application of best management practices (BMPs) for pollution mitigation. Understanding the sensitivity of BMP implementation as climate change is critical for proper management of water resources. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of BMPs on sediment and nutrient yields in the Meramec River watershed in eastern Missouri, U.S.A due to changes in climate. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model the flow, sediment and nutrient yields across the watershed. Multi-site calibration (1996-2012) and validation (1981-1995; 2012-2014) gave varied results, ranging from very good to acceptable, for the monthly flow, sediment load, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Various BMPs were implemented into the calibrated model in conjunction with climate data from four Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) projections to estimate the effects of climate change on watershed yields. Implemented BMPs include riparian buffers, vegetated filter strips, terrace, grassed waterway, and tillage. BMPs were implemented in subwatersheds with high sediment and nutrient outputs as well as relatively high ecological value. Results indicate that BMPs could achieve reductions in a range from 2 to 76% for sediment loss, 1 to 64% for TN loss, and 5 to 54% for TP loss. Among the individual BMPs assessed, vegetated filter strips were most effective when considering the reduction in sediment and nutrient loads. This study highlights the effectiveness of a range of BMPs in reducing the sediment and nutrient loads and provides quantitative measures for determining the most effective individual BMP and the optimal combination of BMPs based on current and future climate scenarios.

The Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 is the keystone policy response directed at reforming U.S. financial system activities and oversight in the wake of the 2007-2009 financial crisis. The United States also has financial system reform policy commitments in the international arena, including in particular by virtue of its membership in the G20. This analysis considers U.S. policy initiatives related to a core dimension of financial system reform: risks posed by systemically important financial institutions ('SIFIs'). It provides a comparison of SIFI policy initiatives and timetables under both the Dodd-Frank Act and the G20 agenda, as reflected in the ongoing work plan of the Financial Stability Board (FSB), and poses the question 'Are U.S. domestic and international financial system reform commitments in sync?' While finding that, fundamentally, the answer is 'yes,' the detailed comparison yields two caveats with potential policy implications. First, the two agendas differ in their relative emphasis on the coverage of both banks and nonbanks. The G20/FSB focus, at least over the near-term, is bank-centric compared with the Dodd-Frank Act, which consistently addresses both bank and nonbank financial firms. Second, implementation of Dodd-Frank Act provisions is subject to long-established U.S. law mandating that there be sufficient opportunity for public input into the rulemaking process, whereas the G20/FSB process has been less systematic and transparent on public consultation and feedback. The lesser emphasis on transparency and public input characterizing the G20/FSB policy development process may be attributable in part to the somewhat more rapid pace of the G20/FSB agenda relative to corresponding Dodd-Frank Act timelines. These observations may be relevant to the current debate over the speed and scope of Dodd-Frank Act implementation measures, and to the discussion about the future international competitiveness of U.S. banks and nonbank financial firms.

Stubborn facts: Still no evidence that the System of Rice Intensification out-yields best management practices (BMPs) beyond Madagascar

113 Southern awareness and implementation of pasture best management practices

Limb-salvage surgery remains current best practice for management of soft tissue and bony sarcomas about the knee, with the range of reconstructive options all providing reassuring levels of long-term survival and function. There is no current consensus as to the best method of reconstruction of the extensor mechanism of the knee (quadriceps-patellar complex), with a wide variety of options proposed. The techniques described in the literature include prosthetic reconstruction, soft tissue reconstruction (comprising reconstruction with pedicled muscle flaps or autogenous tendon grafts), and bony reconstructions (including vascularised fibula flaps). An evidence-based literature review assessing the available reconstructive options has not been undertaken. A thorough literature review was undertaken, evaluating the current evidence regarding the use of surgical techniques for reconstruction of the extensor mechanism of the knee following oncologic resection. The literature identified was critically evaluated based on the current Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine definitions. There are no randomised trials in the literature in this setting, and thus no level 1 or level 2A studies to support any given technique. As such, there are many favourable techniques for reconstruction that have been well described and have some evidence base to support their use. Overall, there is a trend towards improved outcomes with biological reconstructive options, with lower reported levels of failure, infection and amputation. Despite this, no single technique has adequately proven to be superior. Given the proposed difficulties in randomising patients, good evidence for the optimal reconstructive choices may be hard to establish.

Recent events including the World Trade Center attack, the anthrax scare, Ohio River flooding and the Northeast power outage clearly demonstrate the need for improved systems of communicating emergency information to the public. To explore the arena of emergency communications, the research project analyzed current emergency communication practices utilized by water utilities though literature review, survey, interviews and case study. Through a combination of literature review, survey and interview data the research team constructed a preparedness guide from observable current best management practices (BMP) used in the industry. The preparedness guide document serves as the backbone for the emergency status information management system (eSIMs) toolkit. The eSIMs is a toolkit providing end users guidance in managing information during emergency events. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781780403687 (eBook) ISBN: 9781843397786 (Print)

Recently, we have gained the opportunity to obtain very high‐resolution imagery and topographic data of rivers using drones and novel digital photogrammetric processing techniques. The high‐resolution outputs from this method are unprecedented, and provide the opportunity to move beyond river habitat classification systems, and work directly with spatially explicit continuums of data. Traditionally, classification systems have formed the backbone of physical river habitat monitoring for their ease of use, rapidity, cost efficiency, and direct comparability. Yet such classifications fail to characterize the detailed heterogeneity of habitat, especially those features which are small or marginal. Drones and digital photogrammetry now provide an alternative approach for monitoring river habitat and hydromorphology, which we review here using two case studies. First, we demonstrate the classification of river habitat using drone imagery acquired in 2012 of a 120 m section of the San Pedro River in Chile, which was at the technological limits of what could be achieved at that time. Second, we review how continuums of data can be acquired, using drone imagery acquired in 2016 from the River Teme in Herefordshire, England. We investigate the precision and accuracy of these data continuums, highlight key current challenges, and review current best practices of data collection, processing, and management. We encourage further quantitative testing and field applications. If current difficulties can be overcome, these continuums of geomorphic and hydraulic information hold great potential for providing new opportunities for understanding river systems to the benefit of both river science and management. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1222. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1222This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems Water and Life > Methods

Lentigo maligna (LM) is a subtype of cutaneous melanoma insitu that develops on chronically sun-damaged skin in elderly individuals. Its diagnosis and management remain challenging due to its slow progression, frequent occurrence on cosmetically sensitive areas in frail individuals, and tendency for subclinical peripheral extension. Despite its potential for invasive transformation, the natural history of LM remains incompletely understood and evidence-based management strategies for this specific entity remain limited. This work aims to bridge the gap between scarce high-quality evidence and the clinicians' need for practical guidance on LM management by formulating evidence-based and expert consensus-driven recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Under the coordination of the International Dermoscopy Society, a global, multidisciplinary consortium of 53 experts-including dermatologists, dermato-oncologists, dermatologic surgeons, radiologists, radiotherapists, pathologists and epidemiologists-formulated recommendations through structured consensus, informed by a comprehensive review of current scientific evidence and clinical practice standards. Optimal management of LM requires accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment planning. Non-invasive skin imaging techniques, especially dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy, aid in diagnosis, biopsy orientation, lesion delineation and post-treatment monitoring. Multiple partial biopsies help confirm diagnosis and rule out invasion. Complete surgical excision remains the first treatment option. No definitive safety margins can be recommended for standard surgery; margin-controlled techniques are preferable for large or ill-defined lesions. Topical imiquimod and radiotherapy are effective alternatives where surgery is unsuitable. Topical imiquimod is useful as primary, adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Blind destructive methods should be avoided. Close clinical and imaging follow-up is needed. Patient-centred care, shared decision-making, and a multidisciplinary approach are critical for optimal outcomes. These international consensus recommendations summarize current best practices for LM management, offering practical, evidence-informed guidance to clinicians while acknowledging the potential of future research in refining these conclusions.

Introduction: Oculofacial trauma represents a complex subset of craniofacial injuries that require an integrative and interdisciplinary response. These injuries, which can impact vision, facial aesthetics, and airway function, frequently necessitate coordinated evaluation and treatment by ophthalmologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. Advances in imaging, surgical techniques, and multidisciplinary protocols have improved both functional and cosmetic outcomes. Objective: To review the literature and outline current best practices in the interdisciplinary management of oculofacial trauma, highlighting diagnostic strategies, surgical approaches, and integrated care models. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in the last five years. Keywords included 'oculofacial trauma', 'orbital fractures', 'multidisciplinary care', and 'facial reconstruction'. Relevant clinical studies, reviews, and guidelines were included. Results and Discussion: The literature emphasizes early imaging and multidisciplinary involvement to prevent complications such as enophthalmos, diplopia, and airway obstruction. Timing of surgical intervention is critical, especially in orbital fractures and nasoethmoidal complex injuries. Interdisciplinary collaboration reduces complication rates and improves patient satisfaction. Conclusion: An integrated approach to oculofacial trauma is essential to optimize outcomes and reduce morbidity. Continued refinement of surgical techniques and care pathways will further enhance the efficacy of interdisciplinary management.

The analysis and reuse of measured process data are enablers for sustainable and resilient manufacturing in the future. Maintaining high measurement data quality is vital for maximising the usage and value of the data at hand. To ensure this data quality, the data management must be applied consequently throughout the complete Data Life-Cycle (DLC) and adhere to the FAIR guiding principles. In the two research consortia NFDI4Ing and the Cluster of Excellence “Internet of Production,” we investigate approaches to increase the measurement of data quality by integrating the FAIR guiding principles in all data management activities of the DLC. To facilitate the uptake of the FAIR guiding principles, we underline the significance of FAIR data for the reuse of high-quality data. Second, we are introducing a harmonised DLC to streamline data management activities. Third, we concisely review current trends and best practices in FAIR-aware data management and give suggestions for implementing the FAIR guiding principles.

The diagnosis and management of spinal cord injury (SCI) have continuously evolved over decades of clinical experience. We now understand that the injured spinal cord is in a precarious state, experiencing a complex cascade of inflammatory events and hemodynamic compromise. Careful navigation is required at each stage, from emergency personnel to the spinal surgeon who reconstructs the damaged spine, to minimize secondary injury and optimize neurological outcome. Future advances in SCI diagnosis will likely utilize novel MRI techniques that characterize spinal cord microstructure and functional connectivity. The acute management of SCI is likely to undergo a radical transformation, with numerous potential treatments used in combination, such as neuroprotective and regenerative pharmaceuticals, cellular transplantation, and implantation of structural scaffolds. In this review, we summarize current best practices in diagnosis and acute management of SCI, highlight areas of controversy, and introduce emerging therapies that are candidates for translation to clinical use.

Objective: Suicide is a leading cause of death globally. Clinical neuropsychologists may see patients at increased risk of suicide who may have had no prior engagement with another mental health provider. Even if their role is limited to a single encounter, neuropsychologists can still incorporate specific practices (e.g. into their interview appointment) that help reduce a patient’s suicide risk. Method: This review aims to highlight current best practices for suicide risk assessment and management, emphasizing the crucial role neuropsychologists can play in suicide prevention. Conclusions: Neuropsychologists’ involvement in healthcare systems positions them to implement effective suicide prevention strategies, including the Zero Suicide (ZS) framework. The ZS framework is a systematic approach to improve suicide prevention through the implementation of evidence- based strategies including specific strategies to use when working with patients (i.e. identify, engage, treat, and transition). Effective screening tools for suicidal thoughts and behaviors include the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) Toolkit. Brief interventions that can be incorporated into an assessment appointment, such as safety planning and means safety interventions, demonstrate significant reductions in suicidal behavior and improved engagement with mental health treatment. Neuropsychologists can refer patients to evidence-based treatments that directly target suicide risk and support at-risk patients through transitions in care by employing strategies like Caring Contacts and structured follow-up calls. By integrating these best practices and engaging in continuous education, neuropsychologists can significantly contribute to reducing suicide risk among their patients.

A growing body of public policy literature examines how welfare retrenchment reform produces attitudinal and behavioral feedback effects. This study adds to the literature on welfare reforms by exploring how different policy designs, combined with individual proximity to reform, produce heterogeneous feedback effects. Bridging the theories of policy feedback and policy design, we theorize how different policy designs shape individuals' self‐interest or sociotropic considerations when they form opinions on welfare reform. The feedback effects of these different policy designs are channeled by individual proximity to the reform, resulting in heterogeneous responses to proposed policy change. Seizing an opportune time window when the Chinese government undertook a public consultation program in 2020 regarding the proposed reform reallocating financial resources in individuals' medical savings accounts, we conducted a survey experiment to examine if two different policy designs led to varying feedback effects. We find that the moderate de facto retrenchment reform indeed triggered public opposition. Unlike previous research that emphasizes partisanship as a major source of heterogeneous feedback effects, our study reveals different sources of heterogeneity—public opposition to the proposed reform varies by the specific policy designs and individuals' past experiences with the existing health insurance policy.

Enterprise Content Management (ECM) and Data Governance are essential for organizations to manage, secure, and optimize data assets efficiently. This paper presents a structured framework for implementing ECM and data governance policies using an imaginary company, Teleware, as a case study. The study explores common challenges faced by enterprises, including data integration, quality, accessibility, and regulatory compliance. The proposed framework includes an assessment of the existing information infrastructure, identification of regulatory requirements, and enhancement of content management processes. A phased implementation approach is introduced, incorporating best practices in metadata management, data security, and risk mitigation. The adoption of a next - generation data governance platform ensures improved data quality, workflow efficiency, and enterprise - wide accessibility. Agile methodologies are leveraged to streamline policy execution, ensuring adaptability to evolving business needs. This framework serves as a strategic guide for organizations aiming to establish a data - driven culture, enhance compliance, and optimize decision - making through effective content and data governance.