The Pan-Fascist Paradox

This chapter first introduces the Chinese cultural heritage in relation to education, namely Confucianism, Yi Jing (The Book of Changes) and Da Xue (The Great Learning). It then discusses the author’s own learning and teaching journeys in China and in Australia, as a case study, to demonstrate how the Chinese cultural heritage has been influencing his learning and teaching rationale, methods and practices in Australian universities. This chapter also offers three conceptual frameworks: (1) A 24/7 E-Learning 2.0 Framework; (2) A 6D Teaching Rationale Framework and (3) A 4D Improving Your Teaching Framework. These three frameworks should be integrated and function together in responding to the needs and challenges faced by university learning and teaching in the twenty-first century. In the 24/7 Elearning 2.0 Framework, there are seven key questions that should be asked when designing e-learning courses, and in addition, consideration should be given to the pedagogies to be used in guiding the e-learning process. In the heart of the 6D Teaching Rationale Framework, there are five key questions that should be asked is the student learning experience and outcomes, which is achieved by implementing and integrating five key aspects of teaching practices in relation to students: understanding, oversight, engagement and teacher-student relationships; setting clear learning aims and developing comprehensive learning contents; applying educational technology, e-learning and pedagogical methodologies; focusing on developing students graduate attributes and generic skills; and using assessment to effectively drive learning and achieve learning outcomes. The 4D Teaching Improvement Framework includes: effective lectures; differentiation in teaching; excellence in teaching; and applications for awards for excellence in teaching.

Many recent researches and studies have pointed out the necessity of developing comprehensive conceptual frameworks for healthy cities. Accordingly, this study aims to explain the conceptual framework for healthy cities research, planning, and design by identifying its meaning, purpose and formative elements. The research was conducted through qualitative techniques, such as conceptual, thematic and content analysis of the relevant literature and case studies. Results show that the conceptual framework contains voluminous conceptual knowledge about healthy cities and suggest that conceptual framework on healthy cities can include elements such as: 1) a subject, problems, methods, research questions, 2) theories, models, empirical data and practice data, concepts and relations among these concepts, principles; 3) the visual presentation of its contents, and a manual for its usage and development; authors? values, beliefs and thinking. A conceptual framework, based on the elements mentioned above, serves to systematically explain the healthy cities and to support the research, planning and design in the process of its developing. These findings can help to advance knowledge and scientific understanding of conceptual frameworks of contemporary cities in the domain of health, planning, designing and research. Also, the presented findings can serve as a basis for developing a comprehensive conceptual framework for healthy cities in the future. For example, existing conceptual frameworks could be analysed and new ones developed according to the proposed elements and purposes. In these cases, the proposed elements and purposes would be a unique criterion for the analysis and development of the conceptual frameworks.

The emergence of regional industrial ecosystem niches: A conceptual framework and a case study

Incorporating a Client-Centered Approach to Audiologic Rehabilitation

Are scientists a workforce? - Or, how Dr. Frankenstein made biomedical research sick: A proposed plan to rescue US biomedical research from its current 'malaise' will not be effective as it misdiagnoses the root cause of the disease.

PurposeExamining synergies between Lean, Industry 4.0, and Industry 5.0 principles, the aim is to showcase how Lean's focus on people enhances Industry 5.0 implementations, leading to the development of the Lean 5.0 paradigm. In addition, insights from artisanal industries, like the fashion one, are specifically collected.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a literature review was conducted to define a comprehensive framework to understand how Lean fits into the Human-Centric (HC) paradigm of Industry 5.0. Second, a case study was employed to give empirical insights and identify practical initiatives that brands can pursue, involving two best-in-class leather goods brands located in Italy.FindingsA conceptual framework to pave the way for new paradigm Lean 5.0 was defined and validated through a case study. To path the way for a case study in the fashion industry, the Lean HC paradigm is detailed into domains and related categories to group practices. The empirical insights demonstrate that Lean HC actions can be effectively supported by Industry 4.0 technologies in traditional sectors like the fashion industry, shifting towards Industry 5.0.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework and related practices can be used by companies to facilitate their transition towards Industry 5.0, leveraging on Lean Manufacturing.Originality/valueThe innovative contribution of the present work mainly refers to the proposed conceptual framework, encompassing Lean, HC and Industry 4.0 and introducing Lean 5.0 paradigm. The case study enriches the empirical contributions in the fashion industry.

Designing Case Studies from Secondary Sources – A Conceptual Framework

This study focuses on the present, and the possible future, economic dynamics in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region. The main goal of the study is to identify factors that can be used to transform the region into a major global economic region. Since the Lower Rio Grande Valley region is not yet a major global economic region, this study also analyzes how to design and implement the frameworks of factors that will transform the region into such a major global economic region. A new conceptual framework, termed premier global economic/business region conceptual or theoretical framework, is created by this study to guide and gird this study. The Oresund region (Denmark–Sweden) and the Puget Sound region (United States–Canada) are models of what Lower Rio Grande Valley can be transformed into in the future. Therefore, this study draws from the main features of the Oresund region and the Puget Sound region to create the premier global economic/business region conceptual or theoretical framework. Essentially, this theoretical framework consists of 12 factors or variables that can be used to transform an international region into a premier global economic/business region. A significant portion of this study analyzes how each of these factors or variables can be designed and utilized to help transform the Lower Rio Grande Valley region into premier global economic/business region.

This research examines the design process using conceptual frameworks based on domain transfer to suggest a new model for architecture based on local contexts. Plowright's conceptual framework is a way of developing new ideas, in which architecture may or may not be subverted with concepts that are significant; meanings may also be redefined with ‘big ideas’ (concepts), analogy, metaphor or significant questions from inside and outside the realms of architecture. This research utilizes case study method through design and reflects on the design process within the context of the West Java Cultural Center design competition. This analysis deconstructed and explained the design process using the conceptual framework, identifying unique representations of cross-cultural and West Java culture as the basis for an architectural program. The case was used to understand the transformational architectural syntax occurring from local signs and symbols as evidence of innovation. The results of the case study fell within three areas: concepts as a way to achieve a place of innovation (hypothesis), transferring ideas based on locality into elements and syntax (transfer), and bringing them all together into a coherent design (coherence). Domain transfer was redefined in this case study as the translation of symbolic values and cultural attributes from non-architecture into architectural form and elements in pursuit of contextual design innovation.

Combining life cycle assessment and Building Information Modelling to account for carbon emission of building demolition waste: A case study

The WHO FCTC is a critical component for the implementation of tobacco control legislation. Progress varies across countries and policy domains. This study identified and explored ‘Challenges of the Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control’ using Ghana as a case. A qualitative case study involving stakeholder identification, documentary analysis, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews was used. The study sampled officials of government agencies, multi-lateral and bilateral partners, civil society organizations, and research institutions. The conceptual framework used combined components of two health policy frameworks. Tobacco control remains a significant issue lacking sufficient political will in LMIC.

In the 1950s, North American disaster research, then encapsulated within sociology, identified the lack of interorganizational coordination as a fundamental barrier to effective disaster response. Consequently, the idea of a public agency tasked with coordinating those organizations engaged in disaster response emerged. Disaster research has since grown into a multidisciplinary endeavor that has largely affirmed the importance of some type of coordinating agency during the response phase. Jurisdictions across the United States and Canada have paralleled this academic concern by including some type of disaster response coordinating agency within their bureaucracies. However, the need for coordination agencies expressed in the literature and their prominence in actual bureaucracies does not by themselves mean that coordination agencies perform a fundamental function during disaster response. Some form of hypothesis testing where the impact of coordination agencies is the main object of study is required. Yet no extensive review of disaster case studies and response frameworks has been pursued with the explicit goal of assessing the efficacy of coordination agencies in actual disaster responses. This chapter provides – to the author’s knowledge – the first such review, where the different disciplines engaged in disaster research are kept in mind. It is shown that a discrepancy exists in the disaster literature between the ‘conceptual frameworks’ of ideal disaster response and the case studies of actual disaster events; unlike the assumption of the frameworks, the case studies demonstrate that the assumed importance of coordination agencies is unfounded.

As the goals of international agricultural research move beyond increasing food production to the broader aims of reducing poverty, both agricultural research and studies of its impact become more complex. Yet examining the magnitude and mechanisms through which different types of agricultural research are able to help the poor is essential, not only to evaluate claims for continued funding of such research, but more importantly, to guide future research in ways that will make the greatest contribution to poverty reduction. This paper reports on the approach used in a multicountry study of the poverty impact of research programs under the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The studies use an expanded understanding of poverty that goes beyond income- or consumption-based headcounts or severity measures, to consider many other factors that poor people in different contexts define as contributing to their vulnerability, poverty, and well-being. The sustainable livelihoods framework provides a common conceptual approach to examining the ways in which agricultural research and technologies fit (or sometimes do not fit) into the livelihood strategies of households or individuals with different types of assets and other resources, strategies that often involve multiple activities undertaken at different times of the year. This paper reports on the conceptual framework, methods, and findings to date of these studies. It provides an overview of the sustainable livelihoods approach, how it can be applied to agricultural research, and describes detailed methods and results from five case studies: (1) modern rice varieties in Bangladesh; (2) polyculture fishponds and vegetable gardens in Bangladesh; (3) soil fertility management practices in Kenya; (4) hybrid maize in Zimbabwe; and (5) creolized maize varieties in Mexico.

The cross-cultural temporary resident population is one of the fastest growing cultural groups in the United States. However, their housing experiences in the new environment have not been extensively studied. Thus, the current study sought to examine meanings of dwelling attributes for cross-cultural temporary residents in the host country. In order to obtain insights into not only functional meanings but also underlying values, a conceptual framework was developed based primarily on Gutman’s (1982) means-end theory and Rapoport’s (1988) three levels of meaning. A case study was conducted using indepth laddering interviews with ten Korean temporary residents in the Lansing, Michigan, area. Seven dwelling attributes emerged from interviews: two satisfactory attributes (i.e., surrounding natural environment and architecture) and five unsatisfactory attributes (i.e., carpeted floor, interior lighting, acoustics, bathroom, and entryway). Data were analyzed utilizing the measurement of means-end chain (Gutman, 1982), identifying the lower-level, everyday meanings as well as middle-level, latent meanings of dwelling attributes. A hierarchical value map was used to illustrate the interrelationships among the attributes, consequences, and values. Results revealed that dwelling attributes in participants’ current housing did not effectively satisfy their fundamental needs. In particular, carpeted floor was linked to the greatest number of negative meanings. Moreover, the cultural aspects of Korean housing affected the meanings of dwelling attributes in participants’ current homes. Findings suggest design professionals, facility managers, and policymakers must understand how people from other cultures attach different meanings to the dwelling attributes in their homes and provide more culturally responsive residential environments.

General frameworks for the evolution of urban systems in frontier settings have been formulated chiefly on the basis of the North American experience. The frameworks apply to the Ecuadorian Amazon. Universal conceptualizations are broadly relevant; context-dependent conceptualizations are partially so. This pattern raises the question of whether government-based service sector is mechanism for urban dominance, as were wholesaling and finance in North America. Selected case studies indicate that the urban system in the Ecuadorian Amazon is representative of present-day frontier regions. THE purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of frontier urban systems in terms of general frameworks. The case study is the Oriente, or Amazon region, of Ecuador. Here, as elsewhere in Latin America, rapid population growth in settled areas and the increasing use of frontier resources have led to high in-migration levels, new settlement, and an evolving urban system. Our research on this important demographic process is framed by three aspects of previous work. First, the degree to which existent frameworks of frontier urbanization apply to third-world locales remains open to question. These frameworks have largely been derived from research on North American settings of the late eighteenth to early twentieth centuries and tend to reflect more-developed portions of that frontier experience. Second, although third-world frontier regions have received considerable attention in recent years, their urban component has been neglected. Studies of the urban frontier are few, rarely relate the experience of other third-world locales or North America, and give * Research reported here was funded by National Science Foundation grant SBR-9211531 and by the Ohio State University Office of the Vice-President for Research. * DR. BROWN is professor of geography at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1361, where MR. DIGIACINTO and MR. SIERRA are graduate students in geography and DR. SMITH is an associate professor of geography. Copyright ? 1994 by the American Geographical Society of New York This content downloaded from 157.55.39.92 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:47:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW scant attention to formulating conceptual framework of frontier urbanization and integration with national urban systems. Unlike the approach in this article, no study examines the overall urban system of contemporary frontier region, although the importance of urban aspects is recognized (Godfrey 1991, 248-249). Third, examining frontier urbanization is an important complement to studies of urban systems in developing countries. Typically these studies focus on the role of urban areas in development and give minimal attention to small or frontier towns, their socioeconomic functions, and their integration into the national urban system. To examine these neglected issues, this article first reviews conceptual frameworks of urban-system evolution in frontier settings and related generalizations. Next it provides an overview of Ecuador and its Oriente. Third, it evaluates the applicability of conceptual frameworks to this region by considering changes in settlement pattern, urban size, and urban economic functions, which are the elements of urban-system evolution highlighted in previous works. The article concludes with an assessment of the fit between general frameworks and urban-system evolution in contemporary frontier settings like the Ecuadorian Oriente. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS Previous studies of frontier urbanization display three research perspectives: abstract frameworks that are universally applicable but at the expense of substantive specificity; context-dependent frameworks that may be referred to as quasi-general or middle-range theory; and idiographic case studies such as examples from the Brazilian Amazon or North America. Universal models of frontier settlement fall into two groups. One represents frontier development as three-stage process: colonization, comprised largely of migration from outside the frontier; spread, which involves migration from within and outside the frontier; and competition or consolidation (Bylund 1960; Olsson 1968; Hudson 1969). This framework is concerned with the transition from frontier settlement to mature central-place systems that emerge in the consolidation stage. A complementary perspective on local areas and individual behavior identifies similar stages: site selection; pioneering through initial clearing and cultivation; and consolidation, wherein some settlers leave to settle elsewhere on the frontier (Henkel 1982; Findley 1988). Another element of these models is niche space, an expanding area in which conditions are favorable for settlement (Hudson 1969). Among the factors affecting niche space are transportation development, mineral discoveries, new economic activity, technological innovation, national policies, world economic and political circumstances, and donor-country actions. Examples of the relevance of this concept may be found in the frontier urban areas and overall urban system of the United States between 1860 and 1920 (Meyer 1990, 736-738). A second, less austere group of universal models includes the ideal-typical sequence of transportation development (Taaffe, Morrill, and Gould 1963), 250 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.92 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:47:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms URBAN-SYSTEM EVOLUTION the mercantile model (Vance 1970), Monte Carlo simulations (Morrill 1963, 1965), and core-periphery formulations (Brown 1991, 13-15; Brown and others 1992, 953-954). These highlight selected substantive attributes, differ in emphasis, but posit similar scheme of frontier development (Fig. 1). They are henceforth referred to as core-periphery frameworks. Context-dependent frameworks represent continuum from embryonic to mature economies. For embryonic phases, John Browder and Brian Godfrey (1990, 60-63), drawing on the Brazilian Amazon, set forth stages by which a dependent peripheral region becomes incorporated into the larger national economy. This transition links socioeconomic and landscape maturation with urban forms: native subsistence economy with preurban village; resource extraction frontier with expeditionary resource settlement; peasant pioneer agriculture with pioneer settlement; consolidated landholdings (relic frontier) with local service center; rural depopulation and urban primacy with county service center. A complementary framework focuses on more advanced economies and, drawing on nineteenth-century North America (Muller 1977), has as its initial stage the pioneer periphery with many local service centers. Some of them become more important than others, largely because of location at nodal points in the transportation system. Denoted as entrepots, they are reception and distribution points for goods from outside the frontier, frontier goods destined for external markets, and goods moving within the frontier zone. Aside from variations in trading functions, towns are similar in economic base. The second stage is the specialized periphery, wherein towns become differentiated in broad range of economic functions because of variation in resource endowments, comparative advantages, and inertia; sharp distinctions in size and importance also arise. Transportation continues to be crucial, as do the level and rate of rural settlement, which provide market for and source of goods. The third stage is the transitional periphery, wherein selected towns become closely connected with the national urban system and emerge as dominant regional centers. Industrial activities and unique functional specializations are crucial elements in this transition. Another context-dependent focus on mechanisms underlying differential urban growth also draws chiefly on the North American experience (Meyer 1980). A main element is control over the exchange of goods and services, which is closely related to economic specialization, transportation, communications, and agglomeration economies. Movement of people and commodities is also an element in the schema. In an early stage of frontier urbanization, specialization is minimal; entrepreneurs control exchange only in local hinterland, and physical movements are limited. Over time, selected towns acquire specialized economic activities, but entrepreneurs serving local hinterlands still function, which gives rise to an urban hierarchy on the frontier. Finally, as the frontier becomes settled, its main towns become gateways, the external suppliers of goods and services to the next frontier zone. A modification of this framework proposes that the role of some 251 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.92 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:47:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW