The Pugh Controlled Convergence method: model-based evaluation and implications for design theory

This st.udy was intended 1.0 develop the design theory of the threshing unit for a largesizpri and II high-speed hearl-feeding comhine It. may he applied for variOlls comhining capacities with different cut.ting \vidths and forn'anl speeds.

The Borda count is a pairwise comparison method which can be shown to have various desirable properties. Questions have been raised about the efficacy of the Borda count and its engineering equivalents for concept selection in engineering design. Of chief concern is the possibility of rank reversals among design alternatives when other alternatives are added or dropped from consideration. Results from simulations are presented that show the likelihood that Borda count comparisons will result in rank reversals upon modifications of the set of alternatives. The available evidence indicates that rank reversals in the Borda count are generally restricted to alternatives that are difficult to distinguish.

In Memoriam: Dr. Clive L. Dym (1942–2016)

The paper provides a brief review of general tendencies and interesting developments in the area of engineering design theory and methodology in Eastern Europe. This review is limited to East Germany, Poland, and the Soviet Union. Particular attention was given to the design research environments in individual countries, and to developed design theories and methods in the context of these environments.

The common understanding of design science research in information systems (DSRIS) continues to evolve. Only in the broadest terms has there been consensus: that DSRIS involves, in some way, learning through the act of building. However, what is to be built – the definition of the DSRIS artifact – and how it is to be built – the methodology of DSRIS – has drawn increasing discussion in recent years. The relationship of DSRIS to theory continues to make up a significant part of the discussion: how theory should inform DSRIS and whether or not DSRIS can or should be instrumental in developing and refining theory. In this paper, we present the exegesis of a DSRIS research project in which creating a (prescriptive) design theory through the process of developing and testing an information systems artifact is inextricably bound to the testing and refinement of its kernel theory.

Integrated shape and material selection for single and multi-performance criteria

A social dichotomy function maps a collection of weak orders to a set of dichotomous weak orders. Every dichotomous weak order partitions the set of alternatives into approved alternatives and disapproved alternatives. The Borda mean rule returns all dichotomous weak orders that approve all alternatives with above-average Borda score and disapprove alternatives with below-average Borda score. We show that the Borda mean rule is the unique social dichotomy function satisfying neutrality, reinforcement, faithfulness, and the quasi-Condorcet property. Our result holds for all domains of weak orders that are sufficiently rich, including the domain of all linear orders and the domain of all weak orders.

<span>Experts in the field have acknowledged that the 1990s bring new challenges to the field of educational technology. The traditional models for designing instruction will need to be modified to address the new capabilities of emerging technologies (Alien, Dodge & Saba, 1989; Hannafin & Rieber, 1989). And research must be conducted to guide the development of instructional design and technology theory and models (Klein, 1989; Reigeluth, 1989).</span><p>In his review of the status of current research in instructional technology (IT), Clark (1989) recommends that future research must go beyond descriptive research methods to adopt prescriptive research methodology. He recommends that IT researchers use the more basic, descriptive research findings from individual differences and developmental psychology to create 'design prescriptions'. These prescriptions can then be used in design research to produce generalizations about the best methods to be used with specific tasks and learners to increase achievement and motivation. The study reported here is an example of this type of design research.</p><p>In this study the researcher used a prescriptive instructional design theory, the elaboration theory (Reigeluth & Stein, 1983), to construct a study aid called a theoretical synthesizer and test its effectiveness in helping biology students learn genetics principles.</p>

This paper reviews the research and development of micromechanics-based design theory of strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) at different scale, linking the microstructure at micro scale with the composite tensile behavior at macro scale through fiber bridging properties at meso scale. Micromechanics relates macroscopic properties of SHCC to its microstructures, and forms the theoretical basis of SHCC design theory. So the single fiber pullout behavior at micro level lays the foundation of the scale-up research and has been investigated under various loading conditions. Based on the single fiber pullout behavior, analytic tools on micromechanics-based strain hardening model have been developed in closed or numerical forms. And it is widely applied as design guideline in guiding ingredients selection and component tailoring to achieve desired strain hardening performance. Afterwards, the micromechanics-based concept has been extended to develop models for tensile stress-strain properties and cracking process of SHCC. Therefore, the micromechanics-based design methodology of SHCC becomes holistic in the sense of obtaining the ultimate composite behavior with given micromechanical parameters, and versatile in various SHCC design, i.e. towards durability performance with charactering the crack pattern. It is expected that the micromechanics-based design tools capable of capturing the essence of SHCC behavior, should help structural designers take full advantage of SHCC material in infrastructure system design.

Paper is focused to the development in designing of technical systems and present methodology approaches. For a long time, engineering design research has been focused on the development of various design theories, methodologies, methods, tools, and procedures. Engineers to more efficiently design artefacts have subsequently used that design methods. However, as the artefacts have grown in complexity, the need for new methods has become obvious. Also, in a nowadays world, increased competition and globalisation require organizations to re-examine traditional product development strategies. While the difficulties in design synthesis are caused by a wide variety of issues, the complicatedness under problem size is so essential that it make procedural design knowledge insufficient to generate superior design solutions.

The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm

The development of cultural and creative industries has maintained a good momentum and an important role in the socio-economic system.It is becoming increasingly prominent.Based on the particularity of cultural and creative industries, we believe that it is necessary to learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries on the basis of innovation and development, the development path with Chinese characteristics of cultural and creative industries.In this paper, the design development of cultural and creative industries at home and abroad to sort out study on the sustainable development of design theory, hoping to explore the future development of China's sustainable cultural and creative industries, which have great significance for the promotion of cultural and creative industries to achieve sustainable development.Therefore, based on the study of sustainable development of cultural and creative industries design, design strategy and practice is the focus of this study.

Product innovation design based on user experience is a new direction for the development of design theory. It’s also the expansion of user experience in the field of product design. By the theoretical analysis of user experience and product innovation design, the procedure of product innovation design is proposed considering the features of hand tools. It includes four stages: user research, task analysis, prototype design and testing & evaluation. In the innovation design procedure of hand tools, the core is product task analysis and user task modeling.

Experimental research is an established method in Information Systems Research and well suited for Design Science Research (DSR). Our review of 71 published research articles aims at contributing to the DSR body of knowledge by systematically collecting the dependent and independent variables experimentally tested. Here, we identify a lack of cumulative research in DSR as only very few theory constructs are (re-)used. The paper provides several implications for theory and an outlook on potentially fruitful avenues for future research.

This paper describes informal, small-scale leisure and nightlife districts or entertainment zones (EZs) which have developed in or near the downtowns of mid-sized and large American cities in recent years. Occupying older vernacular buildings in marginal areas of downtown, the bars, cafes, restaurants, nightclubs and performance spaces of EZs have developed largely without the large-scale design, planning, government action or subsidy common in formal urban entertainment districts. EZs demonstrate the popularity, resilience and flexibility of small-scale, vernacular architecture and urbanism and its importance in generating a vibrant and diverse downtown. The paper documents the design and performative characteristics of EZs in American cities and locates these places within current urban design and development theory. The findings from a Milwaukee, Wisconsin, case study together with evidence from other entertainment zones indicate that EZs possess individuality and a vitality lacking in formal urban entertainment districts. The paper concludes with recommendations for designers, planners and policy makers to reform current urban entertainment development practices.