The role of data structures design in modern web applications development

Since today's enterprises must constantly adapt to rapidly changing external environment, it is necessary to be able to deal with variation and changing conditions in information systems (IS) development. This may be achieved by the use of multifractal IS development methodologies. Fractal approaches to some extent have already been tested in adaptive enterprise development, adaptive manufacturing systems development, and software development. This suggests that multifractal IS development, on the one hand, is appropriate, because the information system should properly reflect the business enterprise (in this case a fractal one) and, on the other hand, it is possible, because some elements of it have already been implemented. Development of multifractal IS aims at managing relative completeness by relative simplicity that has to be discovered in different subsystems that influence the development of the information system. This, in essence, implies the need of thorough analysis an understanding of business structures and processes to discover patterns useful for the identification of fractal features. Currently, only some guidelines for development of multifractal IS are derived from reported experiences of fractal systems development and the use of fractal approaches in other domains.

The proposed study is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the Russian IT industry, the identification of key trends and problems in the area under consideration. Within the framework of the article, the issue of determining the types of economic activities related to the IT sector is being worked out, as well as the key resulting indicators of the activity of the IT industry of the Russian Federation, such as the number of IT companies and their revenue in the context of key industry areas of the IT sector and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results obtained on the basis of the aggregation of statistical data of the “SPARK-Interfax” system are compared with existing estimates and indicators of the current state of the IT industry in the Russian Federation, problems and causes of significant discrepancies in heterogeneous estimates are identified, and approaches to solving these problems are proposed. The article notes the predominance of the service and infrastructure orientation of the Russian IT industry and the secondary importance of the production and technological component, which leads to the predominance in modern Russian studies of the study of derivative issues of the development of the IT sector—informatization and digitalization of society and the economy, the development of the Internet and the provision of public services in electronic form. An analysis of the territorial organization of the Russian IT industry reveals the problems of its overconcentration in the most developed centers of economic activity and generates recommendations for the state regional policy, which should include a set of tools aimed at smoothing existing spatial differences in terms of localization and concentration of the economic potential of the Russian IT industry.

Objectives . Agile methodologies are crucial in software engineering and information systems (IS) development. However, traditional training methods can struggle to convey abstract theoretical concepts effectively and may lead to reduced engagement. We propose that combining several learning methodologies and incorporating serious games and gamification strategies in training can offer a more innovative and engaging approach to improve comprehension. This article outlines a game-based learning strategy designed to instruct information systems students in agile development. Our approach is rooted in active learning principles, incorporating methodologies such as problem/project-based learning, microlearning, collaborative learning, and learning by doing. The course design unfolds in two phases. Initially, participants delve into short, serious games that vividly demonstrate theoretical concepts, followed by brief moments of theoretical exposition. In the subsequent phase, participants apply all the knowledge they have acquired through an extensive project. To illustrate and evaluate the overall process, this approach was implemented to teach Scrum in several training courses. Participants . The participants in this study were information technology and systems students at different academic levels. Study Method . The research model adopted in this work is based on the Design Science Research (DSR) method. Adhering to the DSR method, the study advanced through distinct phases: recognizing the challenge of engaging Agile Development education, formulating a solution with a course design that blends game-based learning and diverse learning methodologies, developing the course artifact, practically implementing it with Scrum with several groups in different contexts, and assessing its effectiveness using pre- and post-course quizzes. The course aimed to instruct participants in agile methods within information system development. Findings . Feedback from the courses was clearly positive, with participants expressing a preference for the proposed game-based approach over traditional expository lecture methods. Pre- and post-course knowledge quizzes revealed a noteworthy increase in correct answers and overall scores in the end. Conclusions . The novelty lies in an integrated approach that combines multiple active learning methodologies—such as game-based learning, microlearning, collaborative learning, project-based learning, and learning by doing—to facilitate the comprehension of theoretical concepts through practical application.

The information systems development process (ISD) remains a topic of great interest for IS researchers, especially due to the increase in the number of ISD failures. The IS researchers suggest that one possible cause for the failure of ISD may be the lack of relevant knowledge transferred from the system users to system developers. However, IS researchers have not yet directed their attention toward examining the factors that impede the transfer of knowledge among the system users and developers. In order to understand the impediments to the knowledge transfer process during ISD, it is crucial to systematically study how the nature of knowledge transfer unfolds during this process. This chapter provides a framework that allows researchers to study this phenomenon in a systematic fashion. Specifically, it identifies a comprehensive set of factors that influence the knowledge transfer process and posits a set of propositions that future research should examine.

We outline a process approach for conducting qualitative research on how contemporary information systems (IS) development is enacted in practice. The approach involves a longitudinal case study to obtain rich data from which a detailed process narrative is produced. The narrative is informed by a conceptual model of IS development as situated socio-technical change, generating a theoretical explanation that highlights the temporal, emergent and contingent nature of IS development. This approach extends prior process studies of IS development by focusing on micro-level project activities, examining change as a continuous process and theorising IS change as the outcome of a dynamic trajectory of situated and socio-technical interactions. The methodological approach developed here can be used by other researchers to inform process studies of this complex organisational phenomenon.

Many organisations in the West have undertaken business process reengineering initiatives with the aim of improving organisational performance. These initiatives inevitably involve redesign and alterations to the existing information systems that support the business processes. The implications for information systems and how an organization’s existing systems can evolve to support a reengineering project is an area, which has been relatively under researched. Although it is recognised that information systems design and development is difficult in BPR environments, there is little overlap between research in BPR and systems analysis, so that there is no shared vocabulary and perspective. This paper examines how information systems redesign can be integrated with business process reengineering through a review of relevant literature and empirical research.Keywordsbusiness process reengineering (BPR)information systems & technology (IS/IT)legacy systems

Information systems development (ISD) is typically a knowledge-intensive activity demanding coordinated application of business and information technology (IT) professionals’ expertise. However, knowledge sharing between these groups can be challenging, as their backgrounds and expertise domains differ. The problem is even more pronounced for ISD teams involving external IT consultants, where the gap between business and IT professionals is further widened by organizational boundaries. This study proposes that perceived social (goal, task, and reward) interdependencies can influence the extent of knowledge sharing between the subgroups of business professionals and external IT consultants during ISD. Results from a survey of consultant-and-client matched pairs in ongoing ISD project teams indicate that perceived goal, task, and reward interdependencies are significantly related to knowledge sharing, which is, in turn, related to ISD project phase performance. Knowledge sharing fully mediates the relationships between the interdependencies and ISD project phase performance. Perceived goal interdependence is also related to perceived task interdependence. These findings augment existing theoretical understanding of knowledge sharing in ISD. They also provide directions for the development of interventions for enhancing knowledge sharing and performance in ISD.

As semi-structured data is used widely in several fields, the importance of structured data mining is increasing recently. Although mining frequent patterns in structured data is one of the most fundamental tasks, frequent pattern miners often discover huge number of patterns. To overcome this problem, two major approaches, condensed representation mining and constraint-based mining, have been proposed. In this paper, as a technique for integrating these two approaches, we propose three algorithms, RCLOCOT, posCLOCOT, and negCLOCOT, for discovering closed ordered subtrees under anti-monotone constraints about the structure of patterns to be discovered. The proposed algorithms discover closed constrained subtrees efficiently not by post-processing but by pruning and skipping the search space based on the occurrence matching and the patterns on the border.

This chapter examines the causes of failure in a Web-based information system development project and finds out how complexity can lead a project towards failure. Learning from an Information System Development Project (ISDP) failure plays a key role in the long-term success of any organization desirous of continuous improvement via evaluation and monitoring of its information systems (IS) development efforts. This study reports on a seemingly simple (but only deceptively so) failed ISDP to inform the reader about the various complexities involved in ISDPs in general, and in developing countries in particular. An existing framework from contemporary research is adopted to map the complexities found in the project under study and the critical areas, which lead to the decreased reliability and failure in Web-based information system development, are highlighted.

The Relevance of Systems Methodologies in the Development of Organizational Systems The relationship between systems development and systems methodologies is discussed in this paper. As the measure of system development on the macro level, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is assumed to be the consequence of systems Research and Development (R&D), which is estimated indirectly by the number of published articles in the last 40 years. It was supposed that profit and governmental organizations are systems comprised of Production, Management and Information Systems (IS), and that their quality performance is related with its income generation, which in the future would impact the overall GDP of a country. Under such view, we also assume that such organizational processes are qualitatively improved by the application of knowledge generated by research publications, and in this study, we research for the specific case of the Systems Approach (SA), Systems Engineering (SE), Operational Research (OR), Information Systems Development (ISD) and Simulation, as the research topics for coping with organizational improvement. We looked for the articles containing the afore-mentioned variables as topic keywords, which indicate sufficient correlations with GDP and carrying information on sustainable development. We found a positive trend in the evolution of research methodologies, such as SE, ISD and OR, towards a Systems Approach and Simulation as a holistic methodology. As a result, we have proved the dynamic hypothesis of a high correlation between GDP of Top 10 + Slovenia and R&D expressed by the above-mentioned variables.

The goal is to empirically identify factors that cause difficulties in professionalization among Russian IT specialists. Procedure and methods. The design of the study was implemented as a comparative, correlation (factorial). The sample consisted of 12 IT companies, 148 IT specialists were interviewed, of which 12 people – managers, 48 people – IT specialists working individually, 88 people – a team. Methods: document analysis, observation, surveys and non-standardized interviews, E. Heim's test, the Coping Strategies Indicator method, diagnostics of organizational culture according to Quinn and Cameron, the method of studying professional identity according to L.B. Schneider, motivational profile by Martin and Ritchie. The dominant factors causing difficulties in professionalization have been established. For IT managers – the factor of the relationship between the difficulties of professionalization and the cultural and motivational characteristics of managers. Difficulties: professional communication, the ability to take into account the opinions of others, sedentary work. The dominant need is to establish and maintain long-term stable relationships. For IT professionals working individually: the dominant factors are the skill of self-control and responsibility, the factor includes descriptors: self-control, responsibility, self-organization, non-standard approach to solving problems. The difficulties of professionalization based on the feeling of being in demand in interesting socially useful work, the direct relationship of organizational culture Attitude, professional identity, attentiveness and manifestations of self-organization, a non-standard approach to solving problems, presentation skills are identified. The concern of this group of IT professionals is caused by irregular work schedules, as well as the need for physical training, constantly learning throughout their professional lives, taking into account high competition in the future. For IT professionals working in a team, the leading factor is responsibility, which includes descriptors similar to IT professionals working individually. Here, a direct dependence of the need for influence and power, the desire to lead others are revealed; a persistent desire for competition and influence and an inverse relationship between the need for high wages and material rewards, the desire to have a job with a significant set of benefits and allowances. Dominant motive Recognition. Conflicting with the setting: no friends at work. 2) The relationship between the identified difficulties in the professionalization of IT specialists and their competencies was found: the difficulties in their professionalization were identified at the intersection of personal development indicators and coping strategies used by IT specialists. Theoretical and/or practical significance. The model of identifying factors that cause difficulties in the professionalization of IT specialists has been empirically confirmed, which can become the basis of the Support Program for the professionalization of an IT specialist in real Russian conditions. Цель – эмпирически выявить факторы, взывающие трудности профессионализации у российских ИТ-специалистов. Дизайн исследования реализован как сравнительный, корреляционный (факторный). Выборку составили 12 ИТ-компаний, опрошено 148 ИТ-специалистов, из них 12 чел. – руководители, 48 чел. – ИТ-специалисты, работающие индивидуально, 88 чел. – в коллективе. Методы: анализ документов, наблюдение, опросы и нестандартизированное интервью, тест Е. Хейма, методика «Индикатор копинг-стратегий», диагностика организационной культуры по Р. Куинн и К. Камерон, методика изучения профессиональной идентичности по Л.Б. Шнейдер, мотивационный профиль по К. Мартин и Ш. Ричи. Установлены доминирующие факторы, вызывающие трудности профессионализации. У ИТ-руководителей – фактор взаимосвязи трудностей профессионализации и культурно-мотивационными особенностями руководителей. Трудности: профессионального общения, умение учитывать мнение других, сидячая работа. Доминирующая потребность – устанавливать и поддерживать долгосрочные стабильные взаимоотношения. У ИТ-специалистов, работающих индивидуально: доминирующими факторами являются навык самоконтроля и ответственности, фактор включает дескрипторы: самоконтроля, ответственности, самоорганизованности, нестандартного подхода к решению задач. Определены трудности профессионализации, основанные на ощущении востребованности в интересной общественно полезной работе, прямой взаимосвязи организационной культуры Отношение, профессиональной идентичности, внимательности и проявлений самоорганизованности, нестандартного подхода к решению задач, навыков презентации. Обеспокоенность этой группы ИТ-специалистов вызывают ненормированной график работы, а также необходимость физической подготовки, постоянно учиться на протяжении всей профессиональной жизни, учета высокой конкуренции в будущем. У ИТ-специалистов, работающих в команде – ведущим является фактор ответственности, который включает дескрипторы сходные с ИТ-специалистами, работающих индивидуально. Здесь выявлены прямая зависимость потребности во влиятельности и власти, стремление руководить другими; настойчивое стремление к конкуренции и влиятельности и обратная зависимость потребности в высокой заработной плате и материальном вознаграждении, желание иметь работу с существенным набором льгот и надбавок. Доминирующий мотив Признание. Вступающий в противоречие с установкой: друзей на работе нет. Найдена взаимосвязь выявленных трудностей профессионализации ИТ-специалистов и их компетенций: трудности их профессионализации выявлены на пересечении показателей развитие личности и копинг-стратегий, используемых ИТ-специалистами. Эмпирически подтверждена модель выявления факторов, вызывающих трудности профессионализации ИТ-специалистов, которые могут стать основой Программы сопровождения профессионализации ИТ-специалиста в реальных российских условиях.

: In entering the business competition lately, especially in restaurant industry can’t be separated from the role of information technology / information systems. In an information systems development there is two method that can be used , that waterfall and agile development. In this opportunity we believe that systems development with agile development method will bring more success for an information systems development project. This method was chosen because we undertook information system strategic planning in a company which is a family business. System information with agile development that aligns with corporate strategic planning should have always controlled, and where there is crafting strategy then move quickly the information systems development is expected to adapt. Keywords : Information Systems, Technology Information, Agile development, family business.

The work is devoted to the study of the impact of sanctions on the development of modern Russian IT technologies. The purpose of the work is a theoretical analysis and discussion of the hypothesis about the possible positive impact of sanctions on the development of modern Russian IT technologies. In connection with the departure of reputable participants in the IT sector from the Russian market and in the absence of competition, Russian technologies have been given the opportunity to freely introduce new developments in Russian business. Russia can show itself as a strong country, which in the shortest possible time was able to give a worthy response to sanctions and realize its potential in IT technologies. The author's position is substantiated by expert and statistical data from Cnews, Gartner, Rosstat on the development of this sector in Russia and the world. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the development of modern Russian IT technologies was influenced by the sanctions pres

Objectives: to reveal the socio-psychological, personal, and cultural characteristics of Russian IT entrepreneurs. Background. The digital transformation of the economy focuses on new technologies and involves more people. IT entrepreneurship is becoming a desired career of the younger generation in Russia. The country’s technological leadership depends on psychosocial and personality characteristics and attitudes of successful IT entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, research of Russian entrepreneurs in the IT sector is rare. Study design. Using qualitative research method the socio-psychological portrait of an IT entrepreneur is formed on the basis of socio-psychological and personal characteristics (internal locus of control, risk tolerance, achievement orientation), including value orientations: family, creativity, money, self-realization and cultural preferences. One research question and three hypotheses are considered. Participants. After a preliminary selection of respondents, the most characteristic representatives of the IT entrepreneurial social group were selected: 14 male entrepreneurs, 27—35 year old — IT businesses’ owners. Measurement. Thematic analysis of the theoretical type was used to classify the data collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews using a six stage algorithm of V. Braun and V. Clarke. Results. A portrait of the technological company’s founder is presented: nonconformity, independence from family values, high involvement in the work, strong desire to achieve business goals, low interest in cultural symbols and events are revealed. Differences of a Russian technological entrepreneur from an entrepreneur in Russia as a whole (family and material values), as well as differences from a new wave of Western entrepreneurs (nonconformity) are noted. All hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusions. Russian IT entrepreneur in our sample shares similar features with modern entrepreneurs in other countries. The distinguishing characteristics of Russian IT entrepreneur from Russian non-IT entrepreneurs include: low importance of money and material status, neutral attitude to family values.

The article attempts a philosophical and cultural-theoretical interpretation of the deep transformations of organizational culture in the context of the contemporary digital turn. The focus of the research is on the phenomenon of the implementation of Agile philosophy in Russian IT companies, which is considered not merely as a managerial innovation but as a large-scale sociocultural event that reveals the conflict between different discursive formations and archetypal matrices. The methodological synthesis of Michel Foucault's genealogical analysis of power, Carl Gustav Jung's archetypal theory, and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's rhizomatic model makes it possible to reconstruct the process of hybridization, which gives rise to the phenomenon of "controlled self-organization" – a stable form of corporate culture in which the language games of flexibility and autonomy paradoxically serve the purposes of reproducing and perfecting control mechanisms. Based on empirical material (case studies of SberTech, Rostelecom, Yandex, Mail.ru Group, Kaspersky, and others), the author demonstrates how, under the influence of the global Agile discourse, what occurs is not a simple replacement but a complex semiotic recoding of entrenched cultural archetypes ("Soviet Paternalist", "Engineer-God", "Survivor"), thereby generating new hybrid subjectivities ("Translator", "Architect", "Communicator"). It is ultimately concluded that the organizational culture of the Russian IT sector represents a rhizomatic symbiosis, where the interaction of archetypes forms a non-hierarchical network, and Agile acts as a plane for the constant redefinition of relations between power, knowledge, and collective identity.