The Structure and Embedded SoftwareDesign of Remote Controllable Intelligent Switch

The aim is to develop IoT enabled smart switch with user – friendly electrical interfacing system using IoT-enabled devices. Because technology is evolving at a faster rate, smarter appliances in homes are becoming more necessary. Traditional switches are gradually giving way to integrated control systems with remote-controlled virtual switches in modern homes. Currently, traditional physical switches situated around the home make it difficult for the user to go close to the gadgets in order to activate them. This becomes even more difficult for the aged and physically crippled to do so. This proposed Smart Switch finds an alternative for conventional switches and also it gives a smarter solution for power consumption. To achieve this, an IoT-enabled device is programmed and interfaced to the Solid-State Relay to control the appliances remotely from anywhere in this world. A cloud platform called Sinric Pro is integrated with this system which provides a consolidated dashboard of all the appliances whichever is connected to the cloud in real-time. The proposed switch is designed with Dynamic – Wifi Configuration (AP / STA) to avoid hardcore Programming every time whenever SSID/PASSWORD is changed. In addition, Zero-Line Detector included updating the AC line (Power Failure) Status over the cloud. This system operates in both Manual / Automatic modes. This IoT-enabled smart switch provides user–friendly electrical interfacing to transfer from conventional control systems.

Our research aims to understand the consequences of inadequate workplace flexibility through the lens of daily stress processes. Using a sample of hourly hotel employees with children aged 10 to 18 who participated in a daily diary study, we compared workers with low and high flexibility on stressor exposure, reactivity, and transmission. Our findings showed a consistent pattern of hourly workers with low flexibility having greater exposure to work stressors in general and to work place arguments in particular. Workers with low flexibility were also more emotional and physically reactive to work stressors. There was some evidence of stressor transmission to children when parents had low flexibility. Increasing workplace flexibility could serve as a protective factor in exposure and reactivity to stressors that are experienced in daily life.

With the rapid development of China’s economy, China has become the world’s largest carbon emitter. China not only has an obvious growth rate of industrial carbon emissions but also the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions is hovering at a high level. The development of China’s agricultural economy has largely come at the expense of high emissions. Currently, under the background of global warming and difficulty in controlling greenhouse gas emissions, the development of low-carbon agriculture is an important way to realize the harmonious development of the ecological environment and economic growth and to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. The agricultural production efficiency is the main factor affecting the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions. Based on provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2019, this paper establishes an indicator system and uses the super-efficiency SBM model to measure agricultural production efficiency. The regional agricultural carbon emissions were estimated using carbon-emission-related agricultural production activities. In order to study the nonlinear relationship between agricultural production efficiency and agricultural carbon emission intensity in the narrow sense, this paper uses a threshold regression model with agricultural carbon emissions as the threshold variable. Based on the analysis of China’s agricultural production efficiency and agricultural carbon emissions from 2010 to 2019, an empirical test is conducted through a threshold regression model. The results show an “inverted U-shaped” relationship between agricultural production efficiency and agricultural carbon emission intensity. In areas with high agricultural production efficiency, the improvement of production efficiency can suppress the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions; in areas with low agricultural production efficiency, the improvement of production efficiency increases the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions. Finally, based on the research conclusions, this paper provides feasible suggestions and countermeasures for China’s agricultural carbon emission reduction and improvement of agricultural production efficiency.

In order to solve the contradiction between data traffic growth and real-time control information in intelligent substation, this paper proposes a time-sensitive network (TSN)based intelligent substation switch traffic scheduling model, which uses new technologies to dispatch data link layer traffic. This technology adopts the idea of monopolizing and sharing the time slot window for traffic transmission time, using the mechanism of frame preemption in the traffic transmission channel, realizing traffic classification according to the traffic characteristics, and is used to improve the traffic scheduling mechanism of the process layer of the intelligent substation on the traditional switch, improve the effect of determining the time-sensitive traffic delay scheduling, provide traffic transmission services with low latency jitter for the Ethernet network of the intelligent substation, and put forward a new idea for the improvement of the service quality (QoS) of the power system.

In recent years, intelligent electrical equipment has been widely used. Control and protection switches (CPS) have the functions of circuit breakers, relays, disconnectors and many other products, etc. The intelligent PV low-voltage switch based on fuzzy PID controller designed in this study is applicable to the low-voltage PV distribution network with rated voltage of 500V and rated current up to 1200A with direct grounding of the neutral point of three four wires. The intelligent photovoltaic low-voltage switch designed in this paper can provide indirect contact protection to the distribution network, which can reduce the occurrence of grounding accidents caused by equipment insulation damage; the intelligent photovoltaic low-voltage switch designed in this paper is equipped with a wireless transmission module, which applies the wireless communication technology to the power equipment, so that the power equipment can realize the functions of remote monitoring the operation status of the power grid and controlling the switch breaking and closing. Finally, the fuzzy PID controller is introduced to improve the reliability of switch operation.

In this paper, new smart switch that can monitor and control the power consumption and standby power in real-time by implementing an embedded web-server is proposed. The proposed switch can perform the following functions: measuring the electric power like commercial smart meter product, monitoring the power consumption in real-time in distant places through wire and wireless devices, and finally controlling ON/OFF of each switch. In addition, it also contains auto power-shutoff functions for standy power, overvoltage and overcurrent just like existing power-saving outlet and mulitap. Finally, the proposed smart switch has lower hardware and power consumption than the existing products and can be commercialized as a small-sized product by using exclusive embedded web-server of its own, rather than using PC for monitoring and remote control.

The recent increase in number of household appliances has resulted in an increase in the number of required remote controls. Multifunctional learning remote controls attempt to reduce the number of controls, but their complexity may confuse users. Recently, an alternative gesture-based control system has also been proposed, but it requires users to perform complicated gestures for turning on or selecting appliances. In this paper, we propose an appliance control system, which leverages the advantages of remote controls and gesture recognition. In our system, a user can select the target device just by pointing to the appliance using a remote control. After selecting the device, the user can control the appliance with buttons displayed on a touch panel attached to the remote control. The system is based on a high-accuracy indoor positioning system embedded in a smart house. We evaluated the proposed system through an experiment, and results show that the system can be used in daily life.

The elimination of the stand-by power consumption of the electronic products is very important for not only the family budget but also the earth environment. To completely eliminate it, we have to remove each power cable of the electronic products from the power strip. Since this job is troublesome for the persons, especially elderly people, they tend to cease to do it as daily action. We have proposed a remotely controlled power switch that can make the standby power consumption of the electronic product and itself completely zero. The plugging and unplugging the power cable from a power strip is replaced to the operations of the infrared remote controller. The electronic product with our proposal is operated by the same remote controller. That is, all people can handle the elimination of the standby power and the operations for the electronic product by the single remote controller easily. However, to widely disseminate this proposal, the operable distance to eliminate the stand-by power consumption and to start up the electronic product has to be comparable to the conventional distance to operate the electronic product. This paper proposes an extending method of the operable distance for the IR remote controlled power switch about eliminating the stand-by power and starting up the electronic product. This method has the two-stage switching structure to turn on the main power by using a little energy harvesting gained from the infrared light irradiated by the remote controller. The experimental result shows the proposed method can actually generate enough power to turn on the electronic product with longer distance than the conventional one.

Aiming at the applications of smart home, a novel intelligent remote control switch socket based on Wifi and PLC technologies was described and designed to replace the traditional wired sppliances.The intelligent remote control switch socket using Wifi and PLC communication technologies, compared to the existing technology solutions, which has the advantages of more flexible networking, low cost, easy to implement and promotion, etc..It will provide an intelligent switch socket design idea and method for the development and promotion of smart home system .

Mature oil fields tend to face drastic changes at both levels of production and operational efficiency leading to increasing demand of manpower & logistics as well as decreasing trend of equipment uptime that results in associated production deferrals. A key to sustainability of mature oil fields is to ensure high levels of utilization of existing resources and defy the progressive logistical demand to maintain profitability margins at maximum levels. such objectives can be approached by transformation to digital oil field. Digital oilfield incorporates data acquisition through installation of necessary sensors & meters, data management & analytics, remote monitoring, remote control & automated workflow. Gulf of Suez Is one of the mature oil basins that started oil production in mid-1960s and suffers from the same challenges facing mature oil fields. A vision of going digital was adopted and various digitalization projects are being deployed to allow remote monitoring & Control of gas lifted wells. which suggest several values ; Productivity: Digital oil field supported production optimization by optimum lift gas utilization giving more room for reactivation of shut in wells. Accessibility to all wells allows proper production deferral management during any production upset. Innovative data driven diagnostic tools supports troubleshooting and setting priorities of interventions. Operational Efficiency: harmony of production system can be improved dramatically with remote monitoring and control resulting in higher uptime of key equipment such as gas lift modules. logistics and manpower is a major part of operating cost of any mature field, incorporating remote monitoring and control will decrease the need of helicopter & boats trips to manual investigate production drops, efficient distribution of lift gas resulted in less gas lift demand & lower load on compression facilities. Profitability: Imperative impact of digital oil field hitting two birds with one stone; production & cost optimization will boost the profitability margin. the progressive implementation of digital oilfield in the subject asset succeeded to achieve 3% production increase, alleviate the demand of logistics and manpower, decrease the gas lift demand and managed to stop one gas lift module which had positive impact on asset profitability. Digital oil field is a good investment for green fields but it is a vital investment for mature field and a key enabler for business sustainability.

Aim at many problems in power grid on Switching mode of capacitor load and transformer load and motor load, sequential phase switching control strategy is designed base on intelligent hybrid switch which is made of vacuum breaker and thyristor. Firstly control strategy base on intelligent hybrid switch may avoid arc and overvoltage at the time of switching off the loads. Secondly the sequential phase control strategy may suppress inrush current and inrush torque at the time of switching on induction motor load before coastdown. Thirdly the compact intelligent hybrid switch may solve the contradiction between reliability, rapidity, and economy. The validity can be verified by MATLAB simulation and engineering test partly.

Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects where data is collected through sensors from the physical world, transferred and handled through the Internet and scientific reactions are put back to real-world finally. As an important application area of IoT, smart home device leads a hot trend to facilitate our daily life and operate with more scientific and rational decisions than the human being. However, targets of the existing smart home devices are rarely animals or pets that involve significantly in modern life, and even less attention is given to uncommon pet varieties such as aquatic animals, amphibians and reptiles. To tackle this issue, this paper proposed a tortoise smart home device as an IoT application example to let pet tortoises enjoy a better living environment and make owners less worried about tortoises' life even if they are away from their pets. Considering habits of tortoises, the tortoise smart home device combines five main functions - temperature, land-water swap, water filtration, feeding and lighting, together with a website for owners' remote control and monitor. Design strategies and implementation details (including versions of Arduino microcontroller and different kinds of sensors and actuators) are demonstrated in the paper. Moreover, further ideas about how to easily extend the device and functions applicable for other pet varieties are also brought out.

With the progress of science and technology, mobile phone become a necessary carryon in our daily life. Location service get more and more people's attention. But in the indoor environment, due to the block of walls and other factors, traditional positioning systems are often not available such as GPS. Now the visual-based indoor localization have become a popular research in recent years. We proposed an improvement of the original RANSAC method and apply it in the indoor visual-based localization. In our improving proposed method, we define a matching quality function to measure the matching quality of a matching pair of images. Through matching quality, we choose the 4 best matching pair to calculate the projective transform matrix of two images and eliminate false matching pairs. The most important improvement of proposed algorithm is sorting the matching pairs according to matching quality instead of random testing. The experiment result shows that the proposed method significantly reduce the iterations and running time, at the same time, improves the stability of the algorithm.

Improving dairy cow production efficiency is highly desirable because of its well-documented impact on profitability and sustainability. Long-term gains in dairy cow production efficiency have already been delivered through genetic selection. Nonetheless, achieving further improvements in production efficiency could cement the economic and environmental efficiency of the dairy industry, globally. To date, several components contributing to production efficiency have been overlooked, with many studies focusing on dairy cow production efficiency over short periods rather than lifetime efficiency. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were to quantify the genetic variance components of complementary dairy cow efficiency metrics; including dry matter intake, lactation length, lactation yields, and survival, and to quantify the usefulness of linear type traits in predicting the genetic merit for difficult to measure efficiency-related traits during different stages of lactation and across different parities. Results indicate that considerable genetic variation existed for the range of production efficiency-related traits investigated, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.02 for survival from first to second parity to 0.66 for first parity milk protein percentage. This exploitable genetic variation indicates that potential exists to breed for improved lifetime production efficiency by lengthening lactations and increasing the number of the lactations achieved while not necessarily reducing milk yield or increasing somatic cell count as cows get older. Additionally, the usefulness of some linear type traits as predictors of the genetic merit for survival, particularly in older cows, has been demonstrated and it has been determined that linear type traits have limited use as predictors of the genetic merit for dry matter intake in grazing Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.

The introduction of 3D Gaussian Splatting(3DGS), which learns from 2D images to a reconstruct 3D space, has enabled faster learning and near real-time rendering. This technological advancement has been applied across various fields, particularly opening up new possibilities for generating novel views from existing footage and for realizing more efficient background production. This study explored a method to generate and apply 3D backgrounds by forming a Novel View Synthesis(NVS) based on 3DGS using footage from a digital library as input data. The selected footage was processed to generate point clouds and rendered from novel viewpoints using virtual cameras in Unreal Engine 5, producing perspectives that were not available in the original videos. The produced video was shown to four industry professionals with an average of 21 years of experience, and they verified the narrative function, spatial perception, efficiency, expressiveness, and applicability of the 3D background created using 3DGS. As a result, 3DGS enables the creation of new camera viewpoints and movements without additional shooting, creating a sense of space and atmosphere with images from the digital library while improving production efficiency in terms of the time and cost required. However, some areas were found to lack visual expressiveness, indicating the need for supplementary existing background production or compositing processes. This study suggests the potential of using digital library footage with 3DGS to enable diversity in background direction and improve production efficiency. And it could be expanded to research on the use of backgrounds in virtual production as well as synthesis in various media contents.