The Study on High Way Traffic Capacity Based on the Maximum-Flow Algorithm

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Concrete 3D printing is a sustainable solution for manufacturing efficient designs and creating less waste, and selecting the optimal materials to use can amplify the advantages of this technology. In this study, we explore printing lightweight concrete by replacing normal weight aggregate with lightweight aggregates such as cenospheres, perlite, and foam beads. We adopt a systematic approach to investigate mixtures using different formulation methods such as the specific gravity and packing factor methods to improve the printing and mechanical performances of the mixtures. The rheological results showed significant improvement in the flow characteristics of the different mixtures using both the specific gravity method and the packing factor method to formulate the mixtures. Furthermore, a statistical tool was used to achieve optimal performance of the mixtures in terms of high specific compressive strength, high flow characteristics, and good shape retention capability by maximizing the specific compressive strength ratio, slump flow, and the static yield stress, while minimizing the slump, dynamic yield stress, and plastic viscosity. With the above design objectives, the optimal percentages of the aggregate replacements (cenosphere, perlite, and EPS foam beads) were 42%, 68%, and 44%, respectively. Finally, the optimized results also showed that the mixture with cenosphere aggregate replacement had the highest specific strength.

The publication of the “fourth” full edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) in the fall of 2000 represented a major step forward in state-of-the-art highway capacity and quality-of-service analyses. Even as this major step is taken, however, old issues reemerge and new ones arise as to the core concepts involved, the directions that such analyses should take in the future, and the needs of HCM users. Now that HCM has begun to address system and multimodal measures, the nature and meaning of capacity and level-of-service concepts need to be reexamined. The role of simulation must be more clearly defined, as must the limitations of more conventional highway capacity analyses. As databases improve, the question of statistical accuracy and stochastic variations in standard measures may seem more important, even though the inherent variability in traffic flow characteristics remains essentially unchanged. The need for software to implement ever more complex methodologies raises additional issues. As the Committee on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service and its members consider these and other important issues, an attempt to outline the major issues and alternatives that should be examined is made. In addition, some suggestions as to potential paths to follow are provided.

In this paper, we focus on the dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) problem on large-scale expressway networks especially under the condition of traffic events (such as severe weather, large traffic accidents etc.). We formulate the expressway network DTA problem as a nonconvex optimization problem. Considering the difficulty of solving the problem, we put forward an approximate solution algorithm based on the network flow theory with high computational efficiency and strong applicability. Specifically, a machine learning approach and a series of customization strategies of network flow model (including multi-origin and multidestination split, flow discretization and parallel edges addition methods) are proposed to transform the DTA problem into a resoluble network flow problem. After that, in order to improve the operational efficiency of an expressway network after traffic events occurring, the proposed network flow based two-layer DTA model (NTDM) is separated into two parts-traffic flow limitation model based on maximum flow algorithm and traffic assignment model based on minimum cost flow algorithm. Experiments on real expressway network data in some provinces of China show that our method can make a significant 26.03% reduction in saturation rate in a particular scenario. In efficiency test, the NTDM is at least 600 times faster than the traditional analytic method in a network with thousands of nodes.

Modeling approaches to detect land-use changes: Urbanization analyzed on a set of 43 US catchments

Turbulence characteristics of high Reynolds number flow inside a three-dimensional cubic lid-driven cavity

Highway toll square traffic capacity has always been the focus of attention. In this article, in order to reduce the construction costs and increase traffic efficiency, a new design of highway toll square has been proposed. The land cover and use efficiency is used to calculate the construction costs. Then, we compare the data obtained by simulation software, such as the vehicle throughput, the vehicle delay time, the average speed and other indicators. We get the conclusion that the traffic capacity of the proposed model is better than traditional highway toll square.

We propose a method to enhance the traffic handling capacity of scale-free networks by enforcing the undirected links to be unidirectional ones, for the global shortest-path routing strategy. By considering three different strategies to determine the directions of unidirectional links, we find that the traffic capacity of networks is considerably improved after applying the link-directed method, especially for the method with non-random direction-determining strategies. Due to the strongly improved network capacity, easy realization on networks and low cost, the method may be useful for modern communication networks.

Semi-flexible pavement (SFP) get high importance in recent years due to its high traffic load capacity. Its strength, rutting resistance, and component structure have been explored comprehensively in think. In any case, understanding its cracking execution and instrument is restricted. To this end, this paper assesses the cracking execution of the SFP mixture by utilizing the indirect tensile strength test (ITS). Both ITS monotonic and tensile strength ratio TSR tests are utilized to characterize the cracking resistance of SFP mixtures with several kinds of grout materials. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), silica fume (SF), palm frond waste ash (PFWA), superplasticizer (SP), and water are all used in a sustainable modified grout which incorporate w-LDPE (waste-low density polyethene) modified asphalt binder. ITS comes about to appear that the addition of 10% PFWA is the best grout content to be used for cracking resistance for SFP. The cracking resistance of sustainable modified cementitious grout and modified asphalt binder used for SFP is profoundly influenced by grout ingredient sorts, dosage and properties.

An analysis method on network capacity of belt freeway based on road network reserve capacity is put forward in this paper. Through the introduction of multiple multiplier, the method can simply analyse the maximum traffic volume contained by belt freeway in the conditions of a given network basic demand and meeting the constraints of road traffic capacity and service level. In comparison to the traditional method, the proposed method takes into consideration actual network structure, OD flow distribution, the traveller choosing the way, etc. Additionally, the analysis conclusion is more consistent with the actual situation. Analysis results of belt freeway capacity of Yancheng city in China show that the presented method is not only simple and practical, but also can objectively reflect the status of the belt freeway capacity, and provide a basis for decision-making of belt freeway expansion and urban expressway construction.

AIMSOrbital arteriovenous malformations (OAVM) are rare, mostly described with high flow characteristics. Two cases are reported with an OAVM of distinct haemodynamic abnormality. The clinical, angiographic features, and the management...

The experimental results on the abrasive water jet (AWJ) are described in this paper. AWJ is the high-speed water jet containing solid particles and is used for cutting of various industrial materials. In order to obtain the velocities of solid, gas and liquid phases at the mixing nozzle exit, the momentum of jet was measured. Phase velocity distribution in the axial direction of jet was also estimated based on the measured pressure distribution in the AWJ nozzle with the aid of the continuous and the momentum equations. The result shows that the decrease of the liquid phase velocity in the mixing nozzle is small in the case of the gas liquid two phase flow, and the velocity of liquid phase is remarkably reduced on the contrary in the gas liquid-solid three-phase flow. In the latter case, the total momentum of jet is reduced comparing with two phase flow. It is also found that the mean velocity of solid particles at the mixing nozzle exit is about 30% of the velocity of liquid phase.

This paper describes the hydrodynamic characteristics of the abrasive water jet (AWJ) flowing within smallbored nozzles. For analyzing high-speed water jet containing fine solid particles, we introduce the slip velocity model to the one-dimensional momentum equation and estimate the axial distribution of pressure and phase-velocities within the nozzle. The analytical result shows that (1) the pressure within nozzle is always in the vacuum side in case of high-speed water jet and (2) the pressure along the nozzle axis is greatly affected with the change in slip ratio. Experimental data using high-speed two speed two-phase flow of air-water mixture coincide with these predicted tendency. The data also show that there is steep pressure rise at the nozzle exit. From the data analysis, it is concluded that gas phase velocity exceeds its sonic velocity in some region within the nozzle and the phenomena like as normal shock wave may occur in the AWJ nozzle.

Wormhole routing makes the communication latency insensitive of the network diameter and reduces the buffer size of each router. It has been widely adopted in many new generation distributed memory multiprocessor systems (DMMPs). The concept of virtual system is invented for deadlock-free routing design. Using a great deal of virtual channels is quite expensive to be implemented in practice and is not limitless. In this paper experimental results are given to evaluate the tradeoff between network congestion delay and throughput. Some results show that the congestion delay does not reduce visibly when the number of virtual channels is greater than that of internal channels by 2. A reasonable number of virtual channels can be derived from the results. A virtual networks system using only four virtual networks, two virtual channels in each direction, is presented. It shows that the minimum number of virtual networks to support a partially adaptive, minimal and deadlock free routing in k-ary n-cubes is just four. It uses only four virtual networks but can get a high degree of adaptiveness and high traffic capacity. Simulation results are presented to verify the performance.

In order to satisfy the requirements on high traffic capacity and high data rate of 5G wireless communications, two wideband RF filters are developed on high-resistivity silicon substrate with MEMS technology for high-frequency base-station applications. A commensurate-line filter is designed for 9 to 15 GHz, with measured in-band insertion loss of 0.8 dB and return loss of 14 dB. A substrate integrated waveguide filter is designed for 25 to 30 GHz. The simulated results satisfy the specifications and the measured ones degrade mainly due to the fabrication of bilayer topology, which will be solved in the near future. Both of them are with compact size and good frequency selectivity.