The surface morphology evaluation of carbonitride coatings exposed

Effect of the C/N ratio modification on the corrosion behavior and performance of carbonitride coatings prepared by cathodic arc deposition

Evaluation of antimicrobial potential and surface morphology in thin films of titanium nitride and calcium phosphate on orthodontic brackets

Citrus limon assisted green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles: Evaluation of phase, functional groups, surface morphology, thermal stability and colloidal stability

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nano particles with different percentage by weight were added in silicone rubber as a filler to develop silicone elastomer composites. The morphology of the fractured surface of the prepared silicone elastomer composite film was investigated to see the distribution of BaTiO3 nano filler in the polymer matrix. The obtained results showed good distribution of BaTiO3 up to 10% by weight in silicon elastomer composite. Beyond this 10% weight percentage, agglomeration of BaTiO3 particles occurs. The mechanical characterizations of silicone elastomer composites with different weight % of BaTiO3 particles were performed through uniaxial tensile testing. Elastic modulus of composite increases when filler content increases up to 10%. However, further increase in the filler content results agglomeration of particles in the composite and decrease in elastic modulus of the silicone elastomer composite. The results show that the optimum value of filler content in the prepared composite is between 5% to 10%.

This study investigates the impact of various mechanical and acid-based pre-treatment techniques on the surface morphology and roughness of Titanium Grade V (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy in order to enhance its fibre adhesion capabilities in metal-fibre composites. Mechanical treatments like sandblasting and copper blasting, single and dual acid etching methods, as well as the combined effects, were systematically examined. For measuring surface roughness, the Mitutoyo portable surface roughness tester and for morphological changes observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) are used. Results showed that Sandblasting and copper blasting increased roughness from 0.27[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m (untreated) to 2.87[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m ((≈11 times) and 5.65[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m ((≈21 times), respectively, while further acid etching on sandblasted specimens enhanced roughness up to 3.69[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m ((≈14 times). Dual acid etching methods exhibited variable effects depending on the acid sequence and composition. The study concludes that copper blasting offers the highest enhancement in roughness, whereas the combination of sandblasting followed by dual acid etching yields a balanced surface morphology favorable for strong fiber bonding. These findings provide practical insights into tailoring titanium surface treatments for improved composite performance.

Background: The utilization of clear aligners (CA) has increased owing to esthetic demands. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in the mechanical properties, surface morphology, and the translucency parameter of Zendura Flx™ (ZF) following 1 week (1W) and 2 weeks (2Ws) of intraoral usage. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight ZF aligners were selected (Bay Materials, USA). CAs were divided into three groups ( n = 16); control group of unused ZF, intraorally aged groups (1W and 2Ws). All samples underwent tensile and indentation testing, surface morphology, and translucency evaluations. Tensile resistance was measured by the Universal Testing Machine. Surface microhardness was determined using Digital Vickers micro hardness tester. Surface topography was characterized using a digital microscope. Spectrophotometry was used to evaluate changes in transparency. Results: A statistically significant difference was seen in the mean tensile resistance across the three groups ( P = 0.033). The 2W group exhibited a substantial increased tensile resistance. No significant changes were observed regarding other assessed properties. Conclusion: ZF demonstrated commendable tensile resistance, consistent hardness, surface topography, and transparency after physiological intraoral aging indicating its suitability for usage over 1–2 weeks.

Plasma texturing has been an active area of research for many years mainly focussing on the optimization of the surface morphology to reduce overall reflection losses. Most of these studies have been carried out on laboratory-type etching systems suitable for single wafer treatment. Within this work, plasma texturing of multicrystalline (mc) silicon for industrial application with a dynamic plasma etching system is presented. For an evaluation of achievable surface morphologies, the influence of the oxygen content of a SF6/O2 etch gas mixture has been investigated. With an optimized process, the created surface textures result in weighted reflectance values on mc-Si below 15 %. First cell results show significantly higher short circuit currents and approximately 3 % relative higher conversion efficiencies compared to wet chemically etched non-textured standard industrial mc-Si solar cells.

The accurate evaluation of the geometric morphology of rock and rock-like material joint surfaces was considered crucial for studying the mechanical properties of joint surfaces. A method based on grayscale surface and differential box-counting for evaluating the consistency of rock joint surface morphology was proposed in this study. The fractal dimensions of natural red sandstone joint surfaces and 3D printed restored joint surfaces were quantitatively identified. The consistency of the joint surface morphology of the samples was validated on both the image scale and the macroscopic mechanical scale using two approaches: CNN feature extraction and variable-angle shear tests. The validation results demonstrated a high degree of convergence, thereby confirming the accuracy of the proposed method. This study could provide a reference for the determination of the fractal dimension of joint surface morphology and the consistency research.

Effect of Cr implantation on the morphology of Al:Si films

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) an unconventional machining technology which has become indispensable in many industries. The typical morphology of a surface machined using the electrical discharge technology is characterized with a large number of craters caused by electro-spark discharges produced during the machining process. The study deals with an evaluation of the machine parameter setting on the profile parameters of surface waviness on samples made of two metal materials Al 99.5 and Ti-6Al-4V. Attention was also paid to an evaluation of the surface morphology using 3D colour filtered and non-filtered images.

The aim of this study was to evaluate facial morphology in 25 Class III and 46 non-Class III children aged 5-6 years using three-dimensional (3D) laser imaging; 3D facial images were obtained, two average facial templates were constructed for the non-Class III male and female groups, each individual face was superimposed on the corresponding average template and group comparisons were evaluated (facial height, facial convexity, mandibular position and facial surface morphology). Differences between parameters were evaluated by using an analysis of variance and colour deviation maps. The results showed that Class III children had less mid-face prominence and a concave facial profile when compared to non-Class III children (P = 0.002 and P = 0.018). The position of the pg point in the z-axis just failed to reach statistical significance when comparing the two groups (P = 0.051). A vertical analysis showed no statistical significance between the groups, when evaluating middle (n-sn) and lower (sn-pg) facial height. Coincidence of the Class III faces to normal templates with a tolerance set as 0.5 mm was low (less than 30%). The soft tissue characteristics of a Class III face differ significantly from the non-Class III face in the mid-face region and in the facial profile. A 3D laser imaging method evaluated and identified morphological characteristics of Class III children in deciduous dentition, which could in the future become an important diagnostic tool in small children. The most important clinical advantage of this study is the non-invasiveness of the method.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of two different vehicles for MTA manipulation on color alteration, chemical characteristics, and radiopacity after immersion in blood or distilled water (DW). In addition, some physical-chemical properties, volumetric solubility and bioactivity of new brands of calcium silicate cements such as MTA Repair HP, MTA Vitalcem and MTA Flow were compared with MTA Angelus. MTA Angelus mixed with 100% Distilled Water (DW) or 80% DW/20% propylene glycol (PG) as vehicles were placed into rubber rings and incubated at 37C and 100% relative humidity. Color assessment and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analysis were performed after setting and repeated after 7, 15, and 30 days after immersion in blood and DW.

Influence of grape pomace extract incorporation on chitosan films properties

The purpose of this study was to compare the surface morphology and surface hardness of five materials 24 h after filling, in conditions of 100% humidity, and fetal bovine serum. The five materials were ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Super-EBA, Intermediate Restorative Materials (IRM), Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE), and Amalgam. The microhardness of these materials was evaluated by Vickers microhardness test, and their morphologies were compared by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To evaluate the microhardness, the mixed five materials were measured with Vickers microhardness test. Differences between the experimental groups were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For the microstructural morphological evaluation, the cross cut and root-end cavity prepared surfaces followed by retrograde filling with five different materials were observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (Steroscan 440; Leica, Cambridge, England) at ×500. To summarize, Super EBA was less influenced by storage medium than the other materials, especially MTA. However, further long-term studies considering other factors, such as biocompatibility (i.e. cellular toxicity) and retention, are needed to be collaborated with these findings in the clinical context.

Surface morphology and Rietveld refinement characterisation of aluminium/titania nanocomposite produced by atmospheric plasma spraying and accumulative roll bonding