Three Modes of Valuation Practices in Art Games

The road reference network state valuation allows to provide transport accessibility for population in a municipal district. At the present time, the parameters such as network density, Engel coefficient, Goltz coefficient, and etc. are often used at the road network valuation practice in the Far North districts. The main disadvantage of such valuation methods is that the level of road reference network development and transport accessibility across the district have not been supplied with the complex valuation practice. The author’s method on basis of multi-criteria additive modeling has been proposed to support objective valuation practice. Such model usage is based on weight coefficients. The assay was performed by the authors, and weight coefficients were chosen on basis of expert and formal weight coefficients definition methods. Using the first conducted examination reliability method, the factors such as numerical composition of the expert group, the experts’ competence level, the list of demands presented by the experts, and etc. have essential influence there. With the second method based on the information about the quality of separate road network quality marks (criterium) value, the weight coefficients values of additive model are identified. On the results of the two methods, weight coefficients statistical parameters were determined. The method developed with the multi-criteria additive model usage is more cross functional and allows to holistically evaluate road reference network in combination with other transport routes.

This article is a literature review that investigates current practices of supplier's delivery assessment and the valuation of management's decisions regarding underperforming suppliers. The development of this article is intended to aid as literary basis for future development of a comprehensive performance index and a cost function model. Derived from current literature, an underperforming supplier faces three potential outcomes: 1) switching the supplier; 2) increasing collaboration; 3) maintaining the status quo. The decision vis-à-vis failing suppliers is based on an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) since the situation at hand is a multi-criteria decision-making situation. This process enables purchasing firms to assess their suppliers and take proactive measures against underachieving suppliers, which in turn also decreases the risk of supply chain disruption.

The world economic system is premised on the notion of fluctuations in value and capitalist societies have accepted the stock market as the appropriate indication of this phenomenon. Our acceptance of this daily variance in financial worth can be extended to fluctuations in the value of objects as well. To complicate matters, an object can be said to have exchange (monetary) value and singular (sentimental) value which are not always related.

This paper takes a Foucauldian approach to current discussions on the use of machine learning in personnel selection, with a focus on pre-selection assessment. It problematizes two central themes in this debate: the objectivity and the accuracy of machine learning–supported personnel assessment. A Foucauldian perspective is employed to offer an alternative and critical approach to these themes and to allow for a reformulation of their underlying questions. From this perspective, the paper analyzes how ML-based personnel assessment tools reflect broader developments in governmental practices and technologies, conceptualized as elements of algorithmic governmentality. Drawing on the empirical example of HireVue, it critically examines HireVue’s operations. It also traces the historical development of 20th-century personnel testing and statistical procedures to show how contemporary ML-based personnel selection systems are embedded in longstanding practices of data-driven governance in the workplace. By situating the discourse on ML in personnel selection within the broader context of algorithmic governmentality and its prehistory, the paper highlights key implications for the study and practice of personnel assessment.

The valuation of ecosystem services (ES) employs a range of methods. Based on a literature review and selected empirical examples, we consider major opportunities and challenges in ecosystem services valuation. We analyse when different valuation methods are appropriate and most useful. We demonstrate that mechanisms to capture benefits and costs are needed; and that the use of valuation should be incorporated more widely in decision-making. However, we argue that ecosystems are complex systems: neither the ecosystems or the services that they provide are a sum, but are an interrelated system of components. If a component vanishes the whole system may collapse. Therefore, critical natural capital management, in particular, cannot rely on monetary values; whilst the maintanance of the whole system should be considered. Monetary valuation of biodiversity and landscapes is also problematic because of their uniqueness and distinctiveness, a shortage of robust primary valuations, and numerous complexities and uncertainties. We conclude that mixed method and deliberative discourse techniques, as well as proper integration of research tools, should be more widely applied to help decision-makers and the public to understand and assess changes in ES. The approaches developed and tested by us, as presented in this paper, can provide more complete, comprehensive and impartial insights into a range of benefits that humans derive from ecosystems.

The orbital debris population is rapidly growing, increasing the chance of a Kessler-style collision event. We report a novel method for the production of estimates for the total monetary value of all debris objects and total mass of all objects currently in orbit. The method was devised using debris object data from the European Space Agency’s DISCOS dataset, classified via a decision tree. ‘Reuse’ and ‘scrap material’ scenarios were developed. A high-end estimate for reuse shows a net value of $1.2 trillion. Median and low-end net value estimates of $600 billion and $570 billion, respectively, are probably judicious. A scrap material scenario produced a high mass estimate of 19,124 tonnes, a median of 6,978 tonnes and a low estimate of 5,312 tonnes. Development of in-orbit services will be crucial to solve the orbital debris problem. A future circular economy for space may be financially viable, with potentially beneficial consequences for risk reduction; resource efficiency; additional high-value employment; and climate-change knowledge, science, monitoring and early warning data.

Seventy-two Internet documents promoting creationism, intelligent design (I.D.), or evolution were selected for analysis. The primary goal of each of the 72 documents was to present arguments for creationism, I.D., or evolution. We first identified all arguments in these documents. Each argument was then coded in terms of both argument type (appeal to authority, appeal to empirical evidence, appeal to reason, etc.) and argument topic (age of earth, mechanism of descent with modification, etc.). We then provided a quantitative summary of each argument type and topic for each of the three positions. Three clear patterns were revealed by the data. First, websites promoting evolution were characterized by a narrow focus on appeals to empirical evidence, whereas websites promoting creationism and I.D. were quite heterogeneous in regards to argument type. Second, websites promoting evolution relied primarily on a small number of empirical examples (e.g., fossils, biogeography, homology, etc.), while websites promoting creationism and I.D. used a far greater range of arguments. Finally, websites promoting evolution were narrowly focused on the topic of descent with modification. In contrast, websites promoting creationism tackled a broad range of topics, while websites promoting I.D. were narrowly focused on the issue of the existence of God. The current study provides a quantitative summary of a systematic content analysis of argument type and topic across a large number of frequently accessed websites dealing with origins. The analysis we have used may prove fruitful in identifying and understanding argumentation trends in scientific writing and pseudo-scientific writing.

Networks are useful for representing phenomena in a broad range of domains. Although their ability to represent complexity can be a virtue, it is sometimes useful to focus on a simplified network that contains only the most important edges: the backbone. This paper introduces and demonstrates a substantially expanded version of the backbone package for R, which now provides methods for extracting backbones from weighted networks, weighted bipartite projections, and unweighted networks. For each type of network, fully replicable code is presented first for small toy examples, then for complete empirical examples using transportation, political, and social networks. The paper also demonstrates the implications of several issues of statistical inference that arise in backbone extraction. It concludes by briefly reviewing existing applications of backbone extraction using the backbone package, and future directions for research on network backbone extraction.

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role that professional development programmes for higher education lecturers and teachers can play in promoting positive, learner-centred assessment practice. Whilst they vary in their coverage, these programmes address a broad range of teaching, learning and other pedagogical issues, and almost all include assessment and good assessment practice as a key component of their curriculum. Therefore, this chapter is used to explain and argue that professional development programmes can and should have a key and distinctive role in developing and sharing innovative assessment practice. The argument is supported by drawing on series of seven principles and ideas, as well as a single-institution case study. Points and arguments are also supported with a range of theory, literature and examples, as well as the experience of the author in working on one programme of this type.

Digital games, which constitute a part of new media studies, offer different reality experiences and new expressive environments to a player with multimodal interactions and hybrid reality practices offered by game engines. The alternative environments offered by digital game art create a kind of ‘transitional space’ in the participant’s experience process with ambiguous structures such as reality-fiction. The phenomenon of the transitional area, discussed by Donald W. Winnicott, is the cultural manoeuvring space in which the subject experiences both internal and external reality while constructing the initial fiction of the self, and is closely related to Jean Baudrillard’s concept of simulation in which fiction and reality are mixed. In contemporary art, where the artistic image becomes a virtual reality, phantasmagoria, in which meaning and reality are reconstructed and staged in new media works referencing digital game practices, takes place in the transitional areas that Winnicott sees as a dynamic and experiential playground. This research focuses on digital game art works of different artists such as Olafur Eliasson, Hesam Jalili, Theo Triantafyllidis, Ian Cheng, and Joon Yong Moon, who create a transitional space in their work with practices such as ‘gamification of space’ and ‘counter gaming’.

The contributions of genetics and genomics to occupational safety and health

Abstract“Flow” is a key concept in our era of liquid modernity, across a broad range of ecological, economic, and cultural discourses. In this essay, we examine the material flows integral to naturecultures through the specific case study of Seascale on the Cumbria coast in the UK. Through an analysis of cultural representations, we show the construction of Seascale as a seaside resort in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the rapid and irrevocable sinking of its cultural value since the commissioning of the nuclear power and reprocessing plant at Sellafield in 1947. By following the “flows” of pleasure, emotion, energy, and waste through Seascale, we explore the legacies of nuclear contamination for coastal communities, within a broader regime of the commodification of nature. This essay emerges from a transdisciplinary research project to investigate the cultural influences and impacts of ecosystem change in coastal environments around the Irish Sea. A collaboration between environmental humanities and ecological sciences, the project sought a materialist intervention in the conceptualization and practice of ecosystem assessment so as to capture and map a more inclusive and multidirectional sense of the flows that are integral to ecosystems, and to move beyond the limitations of dominant models of environmental stewardship. In contrast to the ways in which flow metaphors have been employed in contemporary economic and environmental discourse, the project attempts to analyze the material flows integral to naturecultures through particular places, perspectives, and agencies.

Applications of transport economics and imperfect competition

Anthropometry and clinical examination best evaluate the morphology of repaired cleft lip and nose. An original, accurate, and practical image analysis of the lip and nose, which takes advantage of the mathematic, geometric, and organizational capabilities of public domain NIH-Image software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/), has been developed and tested over the past 6 years. A modified structured physical examination form that complements this analysis is under study. Accuracy of NIH-Image-based anthropometry was compared with direct measurements of 22 linear distances on the lip and nose. Twenty-five sets of direct measurements were taken, prospectively, on 15 children with repaired cleft lip over a 6-year period. The results were submitted to regression analysis. Then, relevant lip and nasal tip aesthetics were evaluated by the measuring capabilities of NIH-Image to create a quantitative assessment tool. For each episode, 15 possible faults were weighted, according to aesthetics and deformity, to provide an adverse score. The sum of the 5 lip scores, 10 nose scores, and combination gave respective grades. The analysis was modified to stratify congenital deformity to relate severity of disease to outcome. This analysis was applied to digitized images of 19 consecutive children, immediately prior to repair of complete unilateral cleft lip and nose, at the time of palate repair, and annually from the age of 3 to 6 years. There were 19 NIH-Image-based measurements of the congenital deformity and 35 measurements of surgical results; four children had three sets of records, eight had two sets, and seven had one set Descriptive statistics were applied. Following 556 paired direct and computer-assisted measurements, exceptional linear correlation was shown with a Pearson R coefficient of 0.96. The best correlation was lines within the plane of the camera lens, with the average difference ranging between 0.025 and 0.997 mm. Visual inspection of frontal and submental photographs of excellent, good, and poor results substantiates the ability of this analysis to quantify and grade a spectrum of relevant cleft lip and nasal anatomy. For these 19 patients, there was a broad range of performance scores, approximating a normal distribution. The mean of the NIH-Image-based analysis scores, 16.91, was a (very) good grade. A single standard deviation of 6.88 extended up into excellent and down to fair. The congenital analysis indicated a range of deformity. Comparing deformity with outcome, simple regression analysis had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.223, indicative of a weak positive relationship. An accurate and practical morphologic computer-assisted outcome assessment of repaired cleft lip and nasal deformity has been developed. There is a weak direct correlation between severity of deformity and outcome. Testing in multiple clinics is warranted.

The water and wastewater treatment and its management is a significant element in a circular economic purview since a number of industries depend on water and also on the recovered resources out of wastewater. Because limited access to water or these resources can limit production capacities and profits for the industries. Also, the discharge of large quantities of effluents, containing hazardous pollutants from agricultural, municipal, and industrial sources is leading to the contamination of the water supplies to a great extent. This paper communicates insights on the recent advanced water and wastewater treatment technologies through a comprehensive review. Also, it highlights the benefits and challenges faced by these removal mechanisms providing scope for future research. Through this work, adsorption can be identified as a simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for water and wastewater treatment compared to other technologies discussed. Nevertheless, there is a dire need for future research and development focusing on evaluating hybrid treatment systems, large-scale practicality, and techno-economic assessment of the systems to understand the feasibility of these technologies for a broad range of applications.