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This paper summarised research achievements relevant to creativity, focusing on those that have been published in the top journals in the field of business administration over the past years. The contents of this paper include the influence factors of individual creativity, theories and models of creativity, and creative climate and work environment, as well as creativity training. Knowledge of creativity can be considered an important tool used for an organisation to better understand the structure of a creative work environment and an influence mechanism for each creativity influence factor within an organisation. In this way, a firm can correctly facilitate developing the creativity levels of employees, resulting in the acquisition of a competitive advantage over other firms operating in the market.

In addition to playing an important role in social bonds and group dynamics, humor has a long association with creativity and creative thinking. This study attempts to utilize this relationship in the context of design by enhancing brainstorming with the use of humor. The theories of Incongruity, Superiority, and Relief are central in the creation of humor. This research hypothesizes that these can be applied to enhance creative performance in brainstorming by (1) inducing a humorous atmosphere through stimuli and (2) applying jocular structure to the brainstorming process itself. A study of three brainstorming methods (classical, silent structured, and video-enhanced) was undertaken, the results analyzed using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, and possible influences of humor on levels of creativity evaluated. The results in this indicated that using a humorous stimulus did not have a positive effect, although there remains a strong case in the literature for further investigation. Structuring the brainstorming session did increase fluency and originality, and a number of insights for creative team formation and working are outlined.

Identifying creativity as an important aspect of innovation has resulted in recent years in educators seeking ways to engage greater creativity among students in the classroom. Essential in any application and encouragement of creativity is the characteristic of risk taking. This thesis investigates teacher perceptions of the encouragement and inducement of risk taking behaviours in student creative design work. More specifically, the study asks whether a selection of art, design and technology teachers viewed ICT as a vehicle, which could deliver processes supporting and motivating students to take creative risks. A case study research design was used from seven teacher participants in the fields of art, design technology and ICT. The study used two main data sources, interviews and observation notes. Teachers were asked a series of semi-structured questions in two rounds of interviews to determine whether they understood and could identify strategies for developing risk taking in student design work using ICT. The interviews were followed with class observation, discussion and member checking to validate the information collected. The findings from the research showed that teachers could articulate the notion of risk taking using their own terms and language as well as strategies for encouraging students to take creative risks. From this perspective, teachers viewed the use of ICT as a positive tool in the encouragement of risk taking in student creative design work. The findings also showed that ICT allowed risk taking to occur in ways that motivated students while shielding them from possible failure and adverse criticism from their peers. The research found that nurturing such a climate for creative risk taking took a degree of skill, particularly on the level of student management, which amounted to risk taking by teachers in their teaching practice.

Freud’s psychoanalytic approach has been one of the most controversial approaches to many fields of interest. Relating to education and educational psychology, this approach plays a significant role in modifying and enhancing one’s behavioral relationship among the educational elements like educators, parents, and students. Therefore, in many things, this approach has contributed a lot of inspiration in the development of education. In literary works, there seems to be a mutual fascination between psychoanalysis and literature whereas theory and approach, psychoanalysis explains literature and literature itself exploits psychoanalysis for creative purposes and works. Here, as a creative work, movie is considered literature because it can be interpreted and analyzed just like other written works of literature. As a learning instrument, movie evokes an affective domain that leads to changes in learning behavior and attitudes. Experiencing certain-themed movies can trigger particular reflective memories and reference toward events occurring on a daily basis and it can further strengthen the foundation for learning complex concepts like psychoanalysis.

The aim of the research is to describe the creative thinking process of abstract sequential and abstract random type-students in solving biological problem. The research conducted on two subjects that had differences in the type of the thinking that is abstract sequential type-student (STBSA) and abstract random type-student (STBAA) at Attaufiq Senior High School Jambi city. The data were selected according to the purpose of research. The data was collected by interviewing and modified think aloud method. Data was analyzed by process of creative thinking frame work based on Polya’s problem solving steps. The over all results of the study concluded that the process of STBSA’s creative thinking conducted sequentially from the first stage to the last stage. The data which obtained according to problem-solving strategies and the steps in solving problems. The indicators of creativity are notified in the form of fluency, flexibility, originality, and the detail of biological solving problems. While STBAA, the steps of creative thinking process is done randomly and not sequentially. The results of the problem solving which conducted is not be conviced because STBAA used more insight, imagination and logic. Then, in terms of creativity, the flexibility of STBAA is not appropriate to the indicator to solve problems because only applying one method of complishment, doesn’t have capability to produce a variety of ideas to implement the problem solving and not able to present a concept in different ways during biological problems solving. STBSA precisely solves the problem exactly, because it believes in the results of the thinking, as well as maintaining the criticality in the process of biological solving problems. While STBAA is less precise in solving problems due to the less of the self-confidence, less critical and contented easily in the process of solving biological problems.

The outline of this research issues are how the learning process, how big an increase creative thinking and the achievenment on mathematics’ studies, as well as how to change the behavior of students with Problem possing learning model on students of class VII F of 2 Banjarnegara Junior high school semester 2 school year 2014/2015. PTK lasted two cycles. The results are creative thinking ability of mathematics in cycle I and cycle II 46.88% 61.72%. The average achievement study on cycle I is 66.91 and cycle II is 75.19. Behavior changing that appears i.e. spirit and liveliness of students.

Employees' knowledge searching in professional virtual forums and in teams: A complement or substitute?

The purpose of this study is to find out the elements of Philosophical Antropology in Chinese Philosophy and its controbution to improve the quality of human resource in relation to clarify and to enrich the matter of this subject, which usually more emphasized on Western philosophy than Eastern philosophy. The research was conducted by studying literature and data collected from primary and secondary source, which have been published or not. Hermeneutics theory, comparative study, and interpretation method were used in the analysis of the data collected. Conclusion are made base on logical thinking. The result of this work is that elements of Philosophical Antropology in Chinese Philosophy could be analyzed from the philosophy of Confucianism, Legalism, Buddism, and Taoism. Confucianism concered on human nature, existence, and dimensions, which consist of social, cosmic, transcendental, and historical dimensions. Legalism emphasized every human being have Buddha nature, while Taoism advised life in harmony with the nature like a yin yang principles. In improving the quality of human resource showed that everyone can be developed through education and environment. Creative thinking and working culture are necessary to improved in achieving the quality of work life.

Creative mechanisms for developing students' organizational skills in the process of independent learning in higher education institutions around the world are applied to the educational process. In this regard, to implement large-scale projects to develop students' organizational skills in higher education, modeling the independent learning process, saving students' time and using it effectively, creating electronic information educational resources, using modern pedagogical and information and communication technologies, developing students' creative thinking and practical skills Systematic work is underway.

The recent call for education to support student creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking has required a change in traditional views of teaching and learning. Teachers are being asked to engage in creative work in order to bring about innovative educational practices. However, when teachers are asked to make pedagogical changes, the supports given to them vary widely and are not often successful in bringing about change. In this study a process that supported collaborative creativity among teachers and instructional coaches was created in order to support teachers in the design and implementation of new teaching and learning experiences. The framework that was created, The i5 Framework: Innovating Educational Practice through Collaboration, can support teachers in the design and implementation of new teaching practices. The use of The i5 Framework was found to support teachers in their goals of designing new learning experiences for students. The participating educators found that The i5 Framework helped them support creativity and critical thinking in their students and provided them with a quality professional development experience.

At the time being, special attention is paid to teaching students a creative thinking in technical science in general secondary schools. This can be seen in the example of curricula, timetables and textbooks published on this subject. In particular, in the curriculum and textbooks for grades 8-9 there is a section "Technology for preparing creative projects", which helps how to perform creative work. It should be noted that teaching pupils and students to think and work creatively is not an easy task. To do this, it is necessary periodically to inform them about creative works, methods and stages of their implementation. However, using some of the interactive methods in practice is also effective. Regarding this, to use certain interactive methods, we have created and improved several new interactive methods and applied them into a practice. We would like to recommend several interactive methods aimed at organizing and developing students' creative activities in technology classes which are given below.

Changes from all around the world in any activity are supposed to accept changes and respond being ready for them, by developing specific skills, knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and experience. Based on bringing new ideas and creativity, human capital could obtain long-run leadership performance, becoming leaders for others and motivating them to do the same. Leadership and creativity could be the essential variables to overcome intellectual competition keep close the valuable customers, be a model to follow for other members of the organization and obtain individual and organizational performance. To get performance, the organization needs performance employees; thus, to have creative organizations, must have visionary leaders. This article will analyze educational creativity, the necessary environment to have innovative leaders, creative work, creative thinking, and the importance of visionary leaders in obtaining performance. This article is an examination of leadership and creativity in organizations. Its aim is to reflect on creative leadership and its contribution to stimulating performance. Despite the importance to researchers and organizations of how creativity contributes to efficient leadership and how leadership contributes to group organizational and educational creativity, our understanding regarding this interrelationship remains limited mainly. An analysis of the literature based on both theoretical information and empirical evidence shows that studies exploring the intersection between performance and creative leadership in organizations are disagreeing in terms of how they conceptualize this relationship. Therefore, the essential goal of this article is to understand how leaders in distinctive settings can promote creativity among their followers and stimulate organizational performance. The analysis of the subject literature was used to achieve the aim of the article and verify the hypotheses. The review of the results of the empirical research of different authors has confirmed the research hypotheses that a leader has the role of learning how to stimulate the creativity of employees and rewarding their innovative behavior. The article contains three related studies of distinctive researchers. Study I is a quantitative study focused on the effect of creativity on the work environment. Study II and Study III are correlational studies. Study II examines two behaviors: personality traits and creativity in different work fields. Study III looks at the relationship between individual or group creativity and innovation at work.

Chapter 10 - Enhancement and the Fulfillment of Potential

The purpose of the article. The article deals with the characterization of traditional elements of symbolism of the outstanding actor and director, reformer of Ukrainian theater, Les Kurbas, and aims to outline traditional approaches in the process of staging his theatrical plays as the basis of Ukrainian innovative theater. The research methodology consisted in the combination of the analytical-synthetic and historical-typological methods, which allowed for investigating the symbols of haivkas (ritual songs) of Les Kurbas’s native village, which directly or indirectly influenced the creative thinking of the director in his on-stage productions, and, using the method of semiotic analysis, made it possible to prove that the basis of motion plastic is the complete combination of conditional gestures and naturalistic initial gestures. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the first attempt to comprehend the connection between Ukrainian haivkas and the symbols in Les Kurbas’s creative work in order to prove that traditional folk ethnocultural factors nourished Les Kurbas’s creative talent, enriched his ethnocultural understanding and helped to create unsurpassed scenic images. Conclusions. It was proved that choreographic movements in haivkas of Staryi Skalat are made of figures predominantly based on the symbols of pre-Christian beliefs. The most visible motion elements are the styles of walking in a circle, a snake, two rows, and a variety of gestures. Symbols of movements in haivkas, which have long been used in Les Kurbas’s native village, became an integral part of the formation of the innovative principles of his theater. Syncretic image, metaphorical stage action, cluster-symbol of individual characters became important factors in Les Kurbas’s theatrical productions.

This study aims to analyze the effects of budget participation (BP) on managerial performance (MP) through serial mediation of psychological empowerment (EP) and creativity (CT). The relationship between BP and MP motivates researchers to investigate intermediate variables to understand whether BP improves performance. This study fills this gap in examining PE and CT. CT and PE are critical factors for organizations’ success in the current business environment, characterized by rapid changes and high competitiveness. While PE creates an environment conducive to expressing CT, in turn, CT allows organizations to innovate and adapt to change, leading to a better MP. BP emerges as an effective strategy for promoting a more empowered and creative work environment, which, in turn, indirectly impacts MP. A survey was conducted with 267 companies listed on the Brazilian stock exchange B3 S.A. To test the hypotheses, we used partial least squares structural equation modeling, and additional analysis with importance-performance map analysis (IPMA). The results indicate that BP influences PE, which in turn boosts CT and, finally, CT positively affects MP. This study contributes to the literature by integrating PE and CT in analyzing the relationship between BP and MP. Regarding management implications, it is suggested that managers can leverage BP as a strategy to promote employees' PE and CT, aiming to improve MP.