Timothy J. Brodribb.

Clinical decision support software (CDSS) has been increasingly implemented to assist improved prescribing practice. Reviews and studies report generally positive results regarding prescribing changes and, to a lesser extent, patient outcomes. Little information is available, however, concerning the use of CDSS in community pharmacy practice. Given the apparent paucity of publications examining this topic, we conducted a review to determine whether CDSS in community pharmacy practice can improve medication use and patient outcomes. A literature search of articles on CDSS relevant to community pharmacy and published between 1 January 2005 and 21 October 2013 was undertaken. Articles were included if the healthcare setting was community pharmacy and the article indicated that pharmacy use of CDSS was part of the study intervention. Eight studies were found which assessed counselling, selected drug interactions, inappropriate prescribing and under-prescribing. One study was halted due to insufficient data collection. Six studies showed statistically significant improvements in the measured outcomes: increased patient counselling, 31% reduced frequency of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), reduced frequency of inappropriate medications in the elderly (2·2-1·8% patients) and in pregnant women (5·5-2·9% patients), and increased pharmacists' interventions for under-prescribed low-dose aspirin (1·74 vs. 0·91 per 100 patients with type 2 diabetes) and over-prescribed high-dose proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) (1·67 vs. 0·17 interventions per 100 high-dose PPI prescriptions). Most studies showed improved prescribing practice, via direct communication between pharmacists and doctors or indirectly via patient education. Factors limiting the impact of improved prescribing included alert fatigue and clinical inertia. No study investigated patient outcomes and little investigation had been undertaken on how CDSS could be best implemented. Few studies have been undertaken in community pharmacy practice, and based on the positive findings reported, further research should be directed in this area, including investigation of patient outcomes.

Synthesizing specificity: multiple approaches to understanding the attack and defense of plants

Perception Matches Selectivity in the Human Anterior Color Center

brain seizures, as in epilepsy, are characterized by massively synchronous firing of neurons. Given the extraordinary complexity of the human brain, it is surprising that epilepsy is not a more common complaint. Episodic brain seizures currently affect ∼1% of the human population, and causes for

Dual coding of knowledge in the human brain.

Belinda E. Medlyn

Experimental demonstrations on the sources and conditions of mantle melting

Bushfires in Australia: a serious health emergency under climate change

It has been said that many original ideas reflect a convergence of related thought that coalesces into a unified representation of what many have been thinking. This is certainly true for the subfield of maternal effects evolution. The study of maternal effects has a long history. The first two

The transport of metal micronutrients to developing organs in a plant is mediated primarily by the sieve elements. Ligands are thought to form complexes with the free ions in order to prevent cellular damage, but no binding partners have been unequivocally identified from plants so far. This study has used the phloem-mediated transport of micronutrients during the germination of the castor bean seedling to identify an iron transport protein (ITP). It is demonstrated that essentially all (55)Fe fed to seedlings is associated with the protein fraction of phloem exudate. It is shown that ITP carries iron in vivo and binds additional iron in vitro. ITP was purified to homogeneity from minute amounts of phloem exudate using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. It preferentially binds to Fe(3+) but not to Fe(2+) and also complexes Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Mn(2+) in vitro. The corresponding cDNA of ITP was cloned using internal peptide fragments. The deduced protein of 96 amino acids shows high similarity to the stress-related family of late embryogenesis abundant proteins. Its predicted characteristics and its RNA expression pattern are consistent with a function in metal ion binding. The ITP from Ricinus provides the first identified micronutrient binding partner for phloem-mediated long distance transport in plants and is the first member of the late embryogenesis abundant protein family shown to have such a function.

Streptococcus pneumoniae controlled human infection models: Opportunities and challenges

We characterize changes in isomeric states of the retinylidene chromophore during light-dark adaptation and photochemical reactions of Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC7120 sensory rhodopsin (ASR). The results show that ASR represents a new type of microbial rhodopsin with a number of unusual characteristics. The three most striking are: (i) a primarily all-trans configuration of retinal in the dark-adapted state and (ii) a primarily 13-cis light-adapted state with a blue-shifted and lower extinction absorption spectrum, opposite of the case of bacteriorhodopsin; and (iii) efficient reversible light-induced interconversion between the 13-cis and all-trans unphotolyzed states of the pigment. The relative amount of ASR with cis and trans chromophore forms depends on the wavelength of illumination, providing a mechanism for single-pigment color sensing analogous to that of phytochrome pigments. In addition ASR exhibits unusually slow formation of L-like and M-like intermediates, with a dominant accumulation of M during the photocycle. Co-expression of ASR with its putative cytoplasmic transducer protein shifts the absorption maximum and strongly decreases the rate of dark adaptation of ASR, confirming interaction between the two proteins. Thus ASR, the first non-haloarchaeal sensory rhodopsin characterized, demonstrates the diversity of photochemistry of microbial rhodopsins. Its photochromic properties and the position of its two ground state absorption maxima suggest it as a candidate for controlling differential photosynthetic light-harvesting pigment synthesis (chromatic adaptation) or other color-sensitive physiological responses in Anabaena cells.

Edwin Leigh Newcomb 1882-1950: Pharmacy's many-sided man

Membrane Transport: Regulation is the Buzzword

Research Article| October 01, 2013 Magma chamber–scale liquid immiscibility in the Siberian Traps represented by melt pools in native iron Vadim S. Kamenetsky; Vadim S. Kamenetsky * 1ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits and School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia *E-mail: Dima.Kamenetsky@utas.edu.au. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bernard Charlier; Bernard Charlier 2Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, 30167 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Liudmila Zhitova; Liudmila Zhitova 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia4V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Victor Sharygin; Victor Sharygin 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia4V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Paul Davidson; Paul Davidson 1ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits and School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sandrin Feig Sandrin Feig 5Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Vadim S. Kamenetsky * 1ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits and School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia Bernard Charlier 2Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, 30167 Hannover, Germany Liudmila Zhitova 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia4V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Victor Sharygin 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia4V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Paul Davidson 1ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits and School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia Sandrin Feig 5Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia *E-mail: Dima.Kamenetsky@utas.edu.au. Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 10 Apr 2013 Revision Received: 30 May 2013 Accepted: 12 Jun 2013 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2013 Geological Society of America Geology (2013) 41 (10): 1091–1094. https://doi.org/10.1130/G34638.1 Article history Received: 10 Apr 2013 Revision Received: 30 May 2013 Accepted: 12 Jun 2013 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Vadim S. Kamenetsky, Bernard Charlier, Liudmila Zhitova, Victor Sharygin, Paul Davidson, Sandrin Feig; Magma chamber–scale liquid immiscibility in the Siberian Traps represented by melt pools in native iron. Geology 2013;; 41 (10): 1091–1094. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G34638.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Magma unmixing (i.e., separation of a homogeneous silicate melt into two or more liquids) is responsible for sudden changes in the evolution of common melts, element fractionation, and potential formation of orthomagmatic ore deposits. Although immiscible phases are a common phenomenon in the mesostasis of many tholeiitic basalts, evidence of unmixing in intrusive rocks is more difficult to record because of the transient nature of immiscibility during decompression, cooling, and crystallization. In this paper, we document a clear case of liquid immiscibility in an intrusive body of tholeiitic gabbro in the Siberian large igneous province, using textures and compositions of millimeter-sized silicate melt pools in native iron. The native iron crystallized from a metallic iron liquid, which originated as disseminated globules during reduction of the basaltic magma upon interaction with coal-bearing sedimentary rocks in the Siberian craton. The silicate melts entrapped and armored by the native iron are composed of two types of globules that represent the aluminosilicate (60–77 wt% SiO2) and silica-poor, Fe-Ti-Ca-P–rich (in wt%: SiO2, 15–46; FeO, 15–22; TiO2, 2–7; CaO, 11–27; P2O5, 5–30) conjugate liquids. Different proportions and the correlated compositions of these globules in individual melt pools suggest a continuously evolving environment of magmatic immiscibility during magma cooling. These natural immiscible melts correspond extremely well to the conjugate liquids experimentally produced in common basaltic compositions at <1025 °C. Our results show that immiscibility can occur at large scale in magma chambers and can be instrumental in generating felsic magmas and Fe-Ti-Ca-P–rich melts in the continental igneous provinces. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.