TMTACS: Two-Tier Multi-Trust-Based Algorithm to Countermeasure the燬ybil Attacks

Due to recent advances in wireless communication technologies, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have become the networks of choice for use in various applications. Unfortunately, this advantage comes with serious security concerns, particularly from a wireless channel prospective, where MANETs may be vulnerable to collaborative wormhole attacks, in particular, packet dropping and message tampering attacks. Recently, two secured routing protocols against these types of attacks (the so-called Highly Secured Approach Method or HSAM and the so-called Securing AODV against Wormhole Attacks in emergency MANET Multimedia Communications or AODV-WADR-AES) were proposed. These schemes are investigated in-depth to identify their weaknesses and a novel secured routing scheme (so-called Timed and Secure Monitoring Implementation against Wormhole Attacks in MANETs or TSMI) is proposed, with the goal to mitigate collaborative wormhole attacks in MANETs while maintaining the performance levels of both the HSAM and AODVWADR- AES schemes. Simulation results are presented to validate the stated goal using various performance metrics.

Secure routing in the field of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is one of the most flourishing areas of research. Devising a trustworthy security protocol for ad hoc routing is a challenging task due to the unique network characteristics such as lack of central authority, rapid node mobility, frequent topology changes, insecure operational environment, and confined availability of resources. Due to low configuration and quick deployment, MANETs are well-suited for emergency situations like natural disasters or military applications. Therefore, data transfer between two nodes should necessarily involve security. A black-hole attack in the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an offense occurring due to malicious nodes, which attract the data packets by incorrectly publicizing a fresh route to the destination. A clustering direction in AODV routing protocol for the detection and prevention of black-hole attack in MANET has been put forward. Every member of the unit will ping once to the cluster head, to detect the exclusive difference between the number of data packets received and forwarded by the particular node. If the fault is perceived, all the nodes will obscure the contagious nodes from the network. The reading of the system performance has been done in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end to end delay (ETD) throughput and Energy simulation inferences are recorded using ns2 simulator

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a network that expedites nodes to communicate each other in the absence of a fixed infrastructure. In recent years research issues for securing MANET is burgeoning as it finds use in variety of applications. Security of communication in this type of network is paramount for secure transmission. Routing attacks has drawn sizable consideration since it could cause the most devastating damage to MANET. Even though there prevail many intrusion response techniques to alleviate such critical attacks, existing system usually tries to isolate malicious nodes based on binary or naïve fuzzy response decisions. Binary responses outcomes in the unexpected network partition, causing additional damages to the network infrastructure and naïve fuzzy responses could lead to uncertainty in countering routing attacks in MANET. This paper targets on the replica attack in MANET. A serious repercussion of the device capture attack is the node replication attacks in which adversaries deploy a large number of replicas of the compromised/ captured nodes throughout the network. Replicated nodes have all legitimate security credentials and therefore can launch various insider attacks or even take over the network effortlessly. They are undeniably "Attack multipliers" and therefore are immensely catastrophic to the network. An efficient detection scheme named Sentinel Protocol is proposed for detecting replica attack in MANET. Detailed simulation studies have confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed protocol.

A MANET (mobile adhoc network) is a group of computing nodes or cell or other devices used for communication which are capable of communication among each other with no support of an infrastructure that is fixed. MANET in fact is selfsufficient group of cellular consumers which talk to each other with the help of cellular nodes, described by certain wireless links. In these applications, in order to offer quality services for MANETs, many routing protocols have been designed. In this paper, a novel method that detects and prevents the supportive black hole attack on MANETs is developed. The proposed method is based on adaptive fuzzy inference system for MANET in order to detect and prevent the cooperative black hole attack. The popular protocol utilized in MANET is on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol, and is simulated using NS2. The simulated results of the proposed method are compared with that of an adaptive method [17], wherein source node checks all nodes activity by using DAT table that maintains from-node-to-next-node's information and declares black hole node by channel overhearing method. It is observed that the proposed method based on adaptive fuzzy logic system shows better performance as compared to adaptive method in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio.

The threats and attacks on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are significant, making it difficult for traditional security systems to provide complete protection. Therefore, an efficient hybrid clustering approach must be designed to construct an intrusion detection system (IDS) that is suitable for this network. IDSs are crucial in MANETs due to the presence of black hole threats, which are the most significant vulnerabilities in this network.Our suggestion is to use a hybrid classifier to detect black hole attacks in MANETs. This can be achieved by using the Naïve Bayes algorithm for clustering to select the cluster head, and modify the Genetic Algorithm to identify the node responsible for a black hole attack on the optimal path. Finally, the confidence server instructs the destination node. If permitted, it alerts the collection head; otherwise, it identifies the node as a malicious one in the black hole attack within each cluster. The results of our proposed technique show that it has improved package damage rate, quantity, package distribution ratio, whole network interruption, and standardized directing capacity parameters compared to current black hole detection approaches.
 The simulation was done in KDD cup 99 to carry out black hole attack and trace file obtained is used as dataset for training and testing purpose using visual basic.

With the recent advancements in the field of wireless networks or Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs), mobile computing is the most powerful use for network communication and connectivity. Effective networks come across with numerous difficulties. Networks need to be able to transmit data with acceptable precision from one system to another. A framework must ensure that the retrieved data is consistent with the transmitted data for most applications. If the frame between the two nodes is distorted in the data-link layer, it must be corrected before having driven to other nodes. However, most protocols with the link-layer simply dismiss the frame and allow the high-layer protocols to pass down the frame. In other words, information is a valuable commodity, since asset information must be protected from threats. Some applications require a network mechanism for detecting and preventing these attacks in MANETs. An important challenge in MANET is building the secure intrusion detection system in network providing security to the nodes and route paths in network. The attacks in network can threaten the security issues which have been identified in the intrusion detection system engine, later it is prevented by intrusion prevention engine in the network. A henceforth new technique to implement the security goals and prevent attacks is implemented by introducing the Secure-Intrusion Detection System (S-IDS) in the network. The research work introduced the Secure Energy Routing (SER) protocol for the MANETs. The protocol solves the issue of security in network by detecting the attacks and preventing them in the network. The simulation results show the higher packet delivery ratio and low end-to-end delay with and without attacks. The protocol performance is good in terms of its packet delivery ratio and low end-to-end delay respectively.

We present a simulation-based study of the impacts of different types of attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We consider three common types of attacks: blackhole attack, jellyfish attack and neighbor attack. Specifically, we study how the number of attackers and their positions affect the performance metrics of a connection such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, and delay jitter. The results enable us to suggest measures to minimize the impacts of the above types of attacks in MANETs.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a temporary network which can be utilized for emergency applications. It is easy to deploy the attackers in the network. The network performance may get degraded due to the presence of attackers. Black hole attack is the major attack which will totally violate the network rules and degrade the routing process. In this research, the Reliability Integrated Intrusion Detection System (RIIDS) is used for isolating the black hole attacks. It contains three phases. In first phase, the node forwarding ration is estimated to provide node reliability. In second phase, route reliability metric is evaluated to obtain the effective routes which can withstand the attackers. In third phase, objective function with effective routing strategy is adopted to detect attackers and isolate them by discovering alternate routes. The simulation results are analyzed using AODV protocol in terms of various performance metrics i.e. attacker detection ratio, queuing delay, packet delivery ratio and confidentiality.

A black-hole attack in the Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is an attack occurs due to malicious nodes, which attracts the data packets by falsely advertising a fresh route to the destination. In this paper, we present a clustering approach in Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol for the detection and prevention of black-hole attack in MANETs. In this approach every member of the cluster will ping once to the cluster head, to detect the peculiar difference between the number of data packets received and forwarded by the node. If anomalousness is perceived, all the nodes will obscure the malicious nodes from the network.

A Review on Cooperative Bait Based Intrusion Detection in MANET

<p>Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a system of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically self-organized in arbitrary and temporary network topologies without communication infrastructure. This network may change quickly and unforeseeable. The unique characteristics of MANET give an adversary the opportunity to launch numerous attacks against ad-hoc networks.So the security is an important role in MANETs. This article aims to present the concept of intrusion detection system (IDs) and surveys some of major intrusion detection approach against neutrosophic intrusion detection system in MANETs. Current IDS’s corresponding to those architectures are also reviewed and compared. This paper introduces the accuracy rate and false alarm rate of four completely different classifiers to observe the percentage and the efficiency of the classifiers in detecting attacks in MANETs. Results show that Neutrosophic intelligent system based on genetic algorithm could facilitate significantly in detecting malicious activities in MANETs. Hence, neutrosophic techniques could be utilized to suit the ambiguity nature of the IDs.</p>

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an example of wireless mobile communication. It is a temporary network set up by the collection of multi-hop and self-configured mobile nodes without any network infrastructure or access points. Due to its unique characteristics such as dynamic topology, infrastructureless, node mobility, self-configured and self-organizing makes it different from other networks but these types of networks are more vulnerable to various security threats. One of the major security attacks is denial of service (DoS) attack. In this paper we study the effects of two types of DoS attacks namely gray hole attack and black hole attack in MANET using reactive routing protocol. Due to gray hole attack and black hole attack in the network there is an impact on the different performance metrics of the network such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and normalized routing load. All simulation is done by network simulator (NS-2).

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) does not rely on fixed infrastructure as opposed to wireless networks with infrastructure where users communicate directly with an access point or base station. The network is an autonomous, transitory mobile nodes association communicating over wireless links. Nodes in each other’s range communicate directly and discover each other dynamically. To ensure intra node communication when not in other’s send range, intermediate nodes act as routers relaying packets to destinations. Due to a wireless medium, security in such networks is compromised through many techniques. Grayhole attack is a common attack in MANETs. A simple grayhole attack allows malicious nodes to stop packets in a network and refuse to forward or drop messages passing through. This study investigates the impact of grayhole attack on Quality of Service (QoS) of MANETs. A weighted clustering algorithm is proposed and the impact of maliciousness investigated.

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an ordinary and self-orbiting communication network that is capable of managing mobile nodes. Many proposed protocols on MANET address its vulnerability against different threats and attacks. The malicious node exploits these vulnerabilities to lunch attacks, especially when nodes have mobility and network do not have constant topology, like wormhole attack. This paper presents a lightweight technique that detects the wormhole attacks in MANET. In the proposed technique, the source node calculates the average sequence number of the reply (RREP) packets. If the sequence number of the corresponding node exceeds the calculated average value of the sequence number, then all traffic is discarded, and the node is marked as malicious. The proposed technique is less complex, power-efficient, and enhances network lifetime as more data packets are delivered to the destination node. This technique is validated through comprehensive simulations results in NS2.

Mobile adhoc networks is a perpetual and autogenous organization without framework, and the mobile nodes are coupled cordlessly. Owing to the deficiency of framework assistance, reliable data distribution is a demanding process in mobile adhoc networks and this mobile adhoc network is unguarded to many categories of attacks. A black hole attack in Mobile Adhoc networks cites to an attack by the malevolent node which strongly get hold of the path from sender to the receiver, by means of perversion of subsequence word. With regard to diminish the menace from the malevolent node, the authors encompass the notion of trust in mobile adhoc networks. In this paper, we cope with a packet dropping misconduct named Black hole Attack and we propounded  a new hybrid trust based secured algorithm hinged on four new parameters to scrutinize, whether the transitional nodes are transmitting the packets correctly to the adjacent nodes. This paper presents a new hybrid trust based concept to pinpoint the malevolent node hinged on the computation of trust value. Using ns2 simulator, we analyse the performance of our proposed method and proved the detection efficiency. The investigated results shows that our proposed work can precisely diagnose the malevolent nodes and assure a good packet delivery ratio and network throughput.