Toward an Ecological Economics

Ecological Economics - Abridging the Gap between Conventional Economics and Ethics

The conventional method of forest plan preparation cannot provide real-time forest inventory data, making planning inefficient. It struggles with data synthesis, retrieval, and reliability due to scattered sources. GIS addresses these challenges by efficiently storing, retrieving, and analyzing spatial and non-spatial data, enhancing precision, objectivity, and cost-effectiveness in forest management. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive forest resource database and spatial analysis of growing stock and carbon stock for Rajgarh Forest Division in Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh located between 30° 38’40” to 31° 01’14” N latitude and 77°01’5” to 77°26’13”E longitude, at an elevation ranging from 500 m to 3500 ma.s.l. Maps and toposheets from the Rajgarh Forest Division were scanned, georeferenced and digitized in ArcMap. Key features such as forest boundaries, roads, rivers, compartments, and land uses were digitized, and a GIS database was created. Forest attributes, including area, vegetation types, working circles, and growing stock, biomass and carbon stock were entered into the database. Thematic maps were prepared, and growing stock and carbon stock distribution were analyzed across different forest units using GIS-based extrapolation of enumerated sampling data. The Rajgarh Forest Division consists of six working circles, four ranges, 879 compartments, and 41 beats. A small to very small variation in the area of management units, forest vegetation, and land uses was observed compared to the reported Working Plan. The total growing stock and carbon stock were estimated at 7.05×10⁶ m³ and 3.29×10⁶ t, respectively. The contribution of different forest ranges to total growing stock and carbon stock was: Habban (71.98% and 67.85%), Rajgarh (19.72% and 22.59%), Narag (4.03% and 5.06%), and Sarahan (4.27% and 4.50%). Among the working circles, Chil Shelterwood, Deodar-Kail, Rehabilitation, Plantation, Protection, and Selection contributed 8.98% & 9.15%, 31.37% & 28.44%, 6.45% & 7.73%, 2.47% & 2.57%, 15.13% & 21.66%, and 35.59% & 30.45% to the total growing stock and carbon stock, respectively. Among the forest vegetation types in Rajgarh Forest Division, the highest growing stock was recorded in Oaks (1.79×10⁶ m³), followed by Deodar (1.79×10⁶ m³), Spruce (1.43×10⁶ m³), and Chil (8.53×10⁵ m³), with the lowest in Bamboo (9.26×10² m³). Carbon stock was highest in Oaks (1.41×10⁶ t), followed by Deodar (6.32×10⁵ t) and Spruce (4.08×10⁵ t), while Bamboo had the lowest (4.14×10² t). The study highlights the utility of GIS in forest management, emphasizing its role in database development and forest inventory analysis. The results provide a critical foundation for sustainable forest planning, resource allocation, and conservation strategies in the Rajgarh Forest Division.

In Search of Substantive Economics: Comparing Today's Two Major Socio-metabolic Approaches to the Economy – MEFA and MuSIASEM

Conventional economics as the Gaian disease: the diagnosis and cure through ecological economics

This paper discusses the proper scope of green economics using the current position of older people in the UK as an example. It begins within conventional economics, where the main debate about older people is a financial phenomenon, the so-called pensions crisis. It then considers that debate from a green and progressive perspective, emphasising the real as well as the financial issues, including the political and institutional factors that condition the present system. Finally, it argues that to get a proper appreciation of the actual lives of older people, we also have to extend the scope of the discussion to include factors arising from human reproduction as well as production ? in other words, the proper scope of the enquiry is political ecology.

Environmental sustainability as the first principle of distributive justice: Towards an ecological communitarian normative foundation for ecological economics

This research discusses the thoughts on Islamic economic growth and conventional economics according to the figures, namely Abū Yūsuf, Abū Ubaid, Al-Ghazāli, Ibn Khaldūn, As-Syatibi, Monzer Khaf, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, J.M. Keynes, Alfred Marshall, and W.W. Rostow from a historical approach where his thoughts on the discourse of economic growth are quite a lot of references by researchers and academics of the world. The research method used in this article uses a literature review of the figure's work because what is discussed is a comparison of thoughts that have contributed to science through his works that have been used as references by subsequent generations. Based on the results and discussion of the thoughts of Islamic economic growth and conventional economics, it can be concluded that, in general, economists state that economic growth aims to achieve human prosperity by meeting the satisfaction needs of consuming goods and services. Meanwhile, according to Islamic figures, economic growth must refer to the basic principles of Sharia to achieve prosperity in the world and the hereafter (al-falāh). This study also discusses the concept of factors that affect economic growth.

Human resources for health in the Americas

IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR REGULATION OF ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY IN THE "GREEN ECONOMY" DEVELOPMENT AREA

This study discusses conventional economic theory, Islamic economic thought, and its correlation or relationship. Conventional economics views worldly life as an absolute right for humans, while Islamic economics teaches that worldly life is based on the principle of accountability to Allah SWT. Because of this difference, location of the difference is presented in this paper. This research is library research, conducted by analyzing and interpreting the theoretical matters related to the research. The results showed that; First, conventional economics is an economic theory related to "freedom" to move towards a free market and the economic system understands free trade in the era of globalization which aims to eliminate protectionism economic policies. Second, Islamic economics is a science that seeks to see, study, research, and finally solve economic problems in an Islamic way. Third, is the correlation between conventional economic theory and Islamic economic thought; conventional economics views science as something secular, while Islamic economics is based on religious principles. The research findings also show that the basic differences lie in differences in principles, differences in market mechanisms, differences in wealth distribution, differences in profits, differences in objectives, and differences in the concept of ownership. Penelitian ini membahas tentang teori ekonomi konvensional, pemikiran ekonomi Islam, dan korelasi atau keterkaitannya. Ilmu ekonomi konvensional memandang kehidupan duniawi sebagai hak mutlak bagi manusia, sedangkan ekonomi Islam mengajarkan bahwa kehidupan duniawi didasarkan pada prinsip pertanggungjawaban kepada Allah SWT. Karena perbedaan tersebut, lokasi perbedaannya disajikan dalam makalah ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, yang dilakukan dengan menganalisis dan menafsirkan hal-hal teoritis yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; Pertama, ekonomi konvensional merupakan teori ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan “kebebasan” untuk bergerak menuju pasar bebas dan sistem perekonomiannya memahami perdagangan bebas di era globalisasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan kebijakan ekonomi proteksionisme. Kedua, ekonomi Islam merupakan ilmu yang berupaya melihat, mengkaji, meneliti, dan akhirnya menyelesaikan permasalahan perekonomian dengan cara Islami. Ketiga, korelasi teori ekonomi konvensional dengan pemikiran ekonomi Islam; ilmu ekonomi konvensional memandang ilmu pengetahuan sebagai sesuatu yang sekuler, sedangkan ilmu ekonomi Islam didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip agama. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan mendasar terletak pada perbedaan prinsip, perbedaan mekanisme pasar, perbedaan distribusi kekayaan, perbedaan keuntungan, perbedaan tujuan, dan perbedaan konsep kepemilikan.

The potential for environmental damage due to land clearing and felling of trees in the physical development of the Indonesian National Capital (IKN) requires pro-environmental policies and strategies to become a sustainable world city, including through the implementation of a green economy. The design of this research is exploratory research with a qualitative approach to find and describe green economic policies and strategies which include types of green economic policies, strategies implemented, and the role of each stakeholder in determining green economic policies that can support IKN development. Archipelago. Data analysis carried out narratively resulted in the conclusion that green economic policy consists of 3 pillars, namely economic, social and environmental which has 15 indicators according to the Indonesian Green Economy Index (GEI). The green economy strategy implemented is to utilize human, money, material, machine and method resources effectively and efficiently to implement a green economy. Collaboration between stakeholders is needed with the Nusantara IKN Authority Agency as the leading pentha helix-based sector. The recommendations are: a) Central Government to prepare policies, strategies and action plans, road maps for implementing the green economy nationally; b) The IKN Nusantara Authority Body is the leading depositor in implementing green economy policies in the IKN Nusantara area according to policies, strategies, action plans and road maps in implementing the green economy in line with the vision and objectives of IKN Nusantara in accordance with Law No. 3 of. 2023 and collaborate with stakeholders; and c) Ministries/Institutions and Regional Governments to support the IKN Nusantara Authority Agency in realizing a green economy through coordination, synchronization and synergy.

The “Human Capital Resource (HCR) pipeline” is an organizational capacity that involves the internal, external, horizontal, and vertical flow of human capital resources in and out of an organization. The goal of an HCR pipeline is to ensure that the appropriate quality and quantity of HCRs are in place for the ongoing functioning of organizations. In turn, managing the HCR pipeline is the organizational capability to acquire, develop, and align individual or unit-level capacities to match unit-relevant purposes as they arise. It is necessary for organizations to think of managing the HCR pipeline as an ongoing process that involves the horizontal alignment, or congruence, of several human resources (HR) functions. This includes Staffing, through attraction, Selection, and Attrition. Once talent is in place, then it must be developed through Performance Appraisal, Succession Planning, and Training. It is also essential to align that talent with the organization’s objectives. This involves continuously matching talent with the appropriate role, including focusing on Internal Mobility, Fit, and Flexibility. Compensation also affects the HCR pipeline through Sorting (e.g., who is attracted to the pipeline) and its effects on how the HCR pipeline coordinates; however, heretofore, compensation has not been explicitly tied to the HCR pipeline. The HCR pipeline may also need to focus extra and different attention on star employees and executives or other employees who disproportionately contribute to organizational performance. The general idea of considering the HCR pipeline has been growing in importance, including the creation of a special interest group at the Strategic Management Society, and two journal special issues dedicated to the topic. Therefore, the concept of the HCR pipeline is an extension of this literature that highlights the dynamic nature of HCR that has thus far been looked at in a static lens.

The purpose of the article is to generalize theoretical approaches to the concepts of “strategic management” and “human resources”. Methodology of research. Generalization of the system of concepts and categories, fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, graphic, tabular methods, methods of analysis and synthesis. Findings. The article identifies theoretical approaches to the definition of “human resources”, which allowed to define it as a set of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the enterprise (organization), the effective indicator of which is personal professional development, efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprise as a whole. The quality of human resources in the context of ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise is studied, among which the main ones are determined: value, individuality, impossibility of copying, talent and motivation. The essence of the concept of “strategic human resource management”, which arises when the enterprise is aimed at increasing competitiveness through the unique competencies of staff. The algorithm of formation of strategic management of human resources which provides external factors, challenges for the enterprises, reaction of the enterprises, strategic management of the enterprise which consists in strategic management of human resources, formation of organizational culture and corporate social responsibility is considered. Practical value. The purpose, subject, object and functions of strategic human resources management are substantiated. Among the general functions it is suggested to use planning, organization and coordination, control, communication (communication), evaluation, motivation. The specific functions of strategic human resource management are proposed to be divided into: prognostic, analytical, target orientation, resource provision, social. Keywords: human resources, strategic management, strategic human resources management, competencies. REFERENCES 1. Levycz`ka, O. (2010). Sutnist`, genezys ta evolyuciya ponyattya “lyuds`ki resursy”: systemno-konceptual`nyj pidxid [The essence, genesis and evolution of the concept of “human resources”: a system-conceptual approach]. Ukrayina: aspekty` praci – Ukraine: aspects of work, 1, 37–42 [in Ukrainian]. 2. Avtonomov, B. C. (1998). Model` cheloveka v эkonomicheskoj nauke [The human model in economics]. Saint Petersburg : School of Economics [in Russian]. 3. Heathfield, S. (2016). What Is a Human Resource? Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-a-human-resource-1918144 (accessed 28 November 2020) [in English]. 4. Raznodezhina, E. N. (2011). Chelovecheskiye resursy: ikh rol' i znacheniye [Human resources: their role and significance]. Upravleniye ekonomicheskimi sistemami: elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal – Management of economic systems: electronic scientific journal, 1, 43–49 [in Russian]. 5. Bogynya, D. P. & Grishnova, O. A. (2000). Osnovy ekonomiky praci [Fundamentals of labor economics]. Kyiv : Znannya-Pres [in Ukrainian]. 6. Shhekin, G. V. (2000). Social`naya teoriiya i kadrovaya politika [Social theory and personnel policy]. Kyiv : MAUP [in Ukrainian]. 7. Pochynok, N. (2010). Lyuds`ki resursy v oblikovij teoriyi ta praktyci [Human resources in accounting theory and practice]. Ekonomichnyy analiz – Economic analysis, 6, 141–144 [in Ukrainian]. 8. Bol`shoj encyklopedicheskij slovar’[Large encyclopedic dictionary]. Retrieved from http://dic.academic.ru/misc/enc3p.nsf/ListW (accessed 28 November 2020) [in Russian]. 9. Schendel, D. E. & Hatter, K. J. (1972). Business Policy or Strategic Management: A Broader View for an Emerging Discipline. Academy of Management Proceeding, August, P. 4 [in English]. 10. Higgins, J. M. (1983). Organizational Policy and strategic Management: Text and Cases. Chicago: The Dryden Press [in English]. 11. Pearce, J. A. & Robinson, R. B. (1985). Strategic Management. Homewood, III: Richard D. Irvin [in English]. 12. Petrova, I. L. (2013). Strategichne upravlinnya lyuds`kymy resursamy [Strategic human resource management]. Kyiv : KNEU [in Ukrainian]. Published: 2021-05-27

With the acceleration of green transformation and digitalization, the integrated development of the green digital economy and the new energy industry has become the core driving force for promoting regional coordination and high-quality development. Based on the macro perspective of integrated development, this paper constructs a multi-agent game model of the coordinated evolution of the green digital economy and the new energy industry. It systematically describes the mechanisms of interactive behavior among the government, enterprises, and platform entities, driven by resource allocation, technical collaboration, and policy incentives. The model simulation results reveal that policy incentive variables are prone to causing economic pressure or regional imbalance. Based on the analysis path and research, it is shown that when the PCI (Policy Coordination Index) is 0.9, the growth rate of digital economy output value is 8.4%, and the coordination promotion factor is 2.27. The average TSS (Technology Sharing Rate) of cities with technology-sharing mechanisms is 0.655; the average FFI (Factor flow index) of the technology-support optimization group is 0.713. Improving the effectiveness of policy linkage, promoting technology-sharing mechanisms, and optimizing the flow of factors between regions are key paths to achieving deep integration between the green digital economy and new energy industries. This paper provides methodological support for the theory of integrated development, a theoretical basis, and strategic inspiration for promoting regional coordination and for formulating green transformation policies.

Defense planning is a particularly important topic, which implies an analysis of the international situation, a realistic assessment of its own national security system, whichinvolves medium- and long-term decisions. The allocation of resources should follow the defense policy established following a strategic analysis process, after the strategic objectivesand level of ambition have been established. The construction of military capabilities is complex, is carried out over time and requires the allocation of financial resources and apredictable and coherent human resource policy. Discontinuous reforms, or the alteration of decisions with opportunistic, conjuncture solutions, adversely affect future programs andproduce waste of financial and material resources, as well as social convulsions in human resources. The structure of forces on which the state's defense capacity is built must beincreasingly professional to have a timely and effective responsiveness, and the resilience capacity for national defense should be based on the mental and armed resilience of thepopulation in the case of temporary occupation of the national territory. Membership of NATO and the European Union increases resilience through the commitments of the two organizationsto support the restoration of Romania's territorial integrity in the event of military aggression. The increasingly technologically evolved human society requires a rethinking of thenational mobilization system, both in terms of human resources and in terms of the involvement of the resources of the national economy. Maintaining the functioning of critical infrastructure,operationalizing industrial facilities and maintaining the capacity to provide the material and financial resources needed for the war effort are particularly important, and the workforce inthese areas cannot be made available to complement military structures. Law enforcement and civil emergency forces will be engaged in the specific missions of each of them but may formbases of resistance in the case of national occupation. Participation in NATO and EU force structures must be in line with the force structure designed for national needs, renegotiated,realistically, in the medium and long term, with sustainable promises corresponding to common standards. Allocating a 2% defense budget is not the single and sufficient solution to achievinga credible and sustainable defense capability. Difficult, socially and politically impact corrective measures are needed, but any delay will produce increasing imbalances.Keywords: Defense planning, national defense, NATO, Romania, European Union