Toward Relationality in Infectious Disease Research

The purpose of this study is to explore the accounting educators’ views toward the principles of human governance and the influence of ontological stance (or worldviews) and epistemological stance (view of knowledge) on their view. The data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. 90 accounting educators from Malaysian public universities had responded to the questionnaire and 28 had been involved in the interview. All variables (except demographic information) were measured based on 5-point Likert scales ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The descriptive analysis and Spearman’s rank order correlation are used for analysis. The generic steps analysing are used for qualitative inquiry proposed by Creswell (2003). The finding revealed that accounting educators view human governance as a framework of good conduct of human being which emphasized both spiritual and physical well beings. There are positive medium correlations between ontological stances and educators’ view towards the concept of human governance as good governance. There are only positive small correlations between epistemological stances towards the educators’ view of human governance as good governance. This study provides new additional literature on ethics and empirical evidence on the concept of human governance.

Improved sanitation, increased access to health care, and advances in preventive and clinical medicine have reduced the mortality and morbidity rates of several infectious diseases. However, recent outbreaks of several emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have caused substantial mortality and morbidity, and the frequency of these outbreaks is likely to increase due to pathogen, environmental, and population effects driven by climate change. Extreme or persistent changes in temperature, precipitation, humidity, and air pollution associated with climate change can, for example, expand the size of EID reservoirs, increase host–pathogen and cross-species host contacts to promote transmission or spillover events, and degrade the overall health of susceptible host populations leading to new EID outbreaks. It is therefore vital to establish global strategies to track and model potential responses of candidate EIDs to project their future behaviour and guide research efforts on early detection and diagnosis technologies and vaccine development efforts for these targets. Multi-disciplinary collaborations are demanding to develop effective inter-continental surveillance and modelling platforms that employ artificial intelligence to mitigate climate change effects on EID outbreaks. In this review, we discuss how climate change has increased the risk of EIDs and describe novel approaches to improve surveillance of emerging pathogens that pose the risk for EID outbreaks, new and existing measures that could be used to contain or reduce the risk of future EID outbreaks, and new methods to improve EID tracking during further outbreaks to limit disease transmission.

The field of infectious disease research is rapidly evolving and advancing, driven by the demand to address both current and emerging threats to global health. The recent COVID-19 pandemic underscored the criticality of infectious disease outbreak preparedness and response, while factors such as climate change, migration, and globalization continue to influence disease transmission dynamics. Innovative approaches to infectious disease research are more essential than ever to prevent future pandemics and the spread of vectorborne diseases. This comprehensive review article investigates some recent pertinent developments in infectious disease research, including the development of a novel serosurveillance platform, modeled after the one designed during the COVID-19 pandemic, aimed at tackling the growing global threat of arboviruses. Also investigated in this article is the repurposing and application of mRNA vaccine technology, initially developed during the pandemic, to address the complex challenge of tick-borne Lyme disease. Finally, we outline several novel and cutting-edge strategies aimed at tackling the ever-mounting crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Each of these innovations marks a significant step forward in global health security and preparedness, offering promising solutions to the challenges of a rapidly evolving world, while drawing on the lessons learned from past outbreaks and epidemics.

Live vaccines are gradually replaced by protein-based vaccines given the latter's better safety. But live vaccines seem to be more efficient via stimulation of the innate immune system.

BackgroundInfectious diseases account for 50–70% of ambulatory pediatric daily practice. In order to improve the diagnostic performance of primary-care pediatricians by providing real time data on epidemiology of several infectious...

Objectives This study compared the research output of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries to understand research trends and clarify past, present, and future patterns using scientometric techniques.MethodsThis scientometric study systematically mined health and social science publications from the Web of Science and Scopus databases using keywords associated with infectious disease. The analysis included only English-language articles and review articles by authors from any ASEAN country. Publication, citation, and text co-occurrence network analyses were performed. R Studio and VOSviewer enabled data management, analysis, and visualization.ResultsSearches identified 12,511 articles published between 1925 and 2022, with a notable increase in research publications since 2003. The leading journals on infectious disease were associated with established publishing houses, including BMC, BMJ, and The Lancet. The most-cited articles were primarily global burden of disease studies, with 7,367 citations. Among ASEAN countries, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore had the most publications and collaborative efforts on the topic. Analysis of keyword co-occurrence revealed clusters related to global health, dengue, bacterial studies, non-dengue viral topics, and diagnostics. Most early studies examined diagnostics, gene and sequencing methodologies, and virology; later, the focus shifted toward herbal and alternative medicine.ConclusionRecently, the research capacity of Southeast Asia has expanded dramatically, with substantial contributions from high-income countries. Intense cooperation between member states is essential, emphasizing the role of HICs in supporting their neighbors. Increased research efforts and collaboration must be dedicated to innovative approaches to combat persistent health conditions, along with emerging issues like climate change.

Welcome to Open Forum Infectious Diseases (OFID), the new open-access journal of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and HIV Medicine Association (hivma). As with the existing IDSA journals Clinical Infectious Diseases and The Journal of Infectious Diseases, OFID will be published by Oxford University Press (OUP). As noted previously, OFID will provide a venue for the rapid publication of clinical, translational, and basic research for all aspects of Infectious Diseases (ID), with a focus on studies that have the potential to improve patient care. All papers will be peer-reviewed and, once accepted, will be immediately available for anyone to read at no cost. Papers published in OFID will be indexed in PubMed Central. We welcome direct submissions to OFID via http://www.edmgr.com/ofid and will also consider certain papers submitted to Clinical Infectious Diseases or The Journal of Infectious Diseases, provided the contributing authors agree to allow the transfer. There will be a special track for Fellows of IDSA (FIDSA) for rapid review, and members of IDSA and hivma will receive discounts on article-processing fees. In addition to original research studies and review articles, we also are eager to feature several other ID-related pieces, including the following: ID Cases: Did you see a particularly illustrative case or series of cases? We are especially interested in cases that underscore a key aspect of diagnosis and management. What can readers learn from these cases that can help improve patient care? Submission of notable images or videos is strongly encouraged, along with a targeted review of relevant literature. ID Perspectives: Do you have an opinion on some aspect of ID—research, clinical care, education, policy—that you are motivated to communicate to others in our field? Did you encounter a patient- or research-related situation that you feel should be shared? Did you experience something in your practice that particularly moved, amused, or annoyed you? Top Questions in ID: Are you an expert in specific area of ID? This could involve diagnostics, management strategies, research topics, or all of the above. If so, what are the top questions you get—and the answers you give—on the topic? ID Learning Units: Clinicians who are not ID-specialists (and in particular ID fellows) need to learn the “basics” on many aspects of ID diagnosis, evaluation, and therapy. We would welcome your sharing how you go about teaching them. ID on the Web: This is, after all, where we get most of our information today. What are your go-to sites for the best information, and why? Additional content will be added as OFID matures. For example, we plan to include brief, behind the scenes podcasts consisting of interviews that highlight the History of Infectious Diseases, and will periodically publish perspectives on how to make ID research more relevant to clinicians. Last, a little bit about journal's name, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, which was selected by a working group from IDSA and OUP prior to my becoming Editor. My initial reaction was that the journal's title didn't really roll off your tongue—certainly not like War and Peace or Gone with the Wind. However, I ultimately have come around to embracing the title as it accurately conveys the goals of the publication. From the OFID prospectus: “The idea is to convey a dynamic, interactive exchange of ideas between authors and readers, allowing a different model for communicating research findings and sharing clinical experience. An Open Forum provides an online platform for nurturing and mentoring junior-level physicians and scientists, much like the popular Poster Discussion rounds of the IDSA Annual Meeting in which luminaries in the field take colleagues on a tour of research findings presented by fellows in training and other investigators. An Open Forum promotes multi-disciplinary dialogue and collaboration among clinicians and investigators.” Furthermore, the preferred abbreviation is spoken “O-F-I-D” (think “C-I-D” and “J-I-D”), not “Oh-Fid”, though we'll certainly understand both choices. We look forward to receiving your submissions!

Objective To analyze the epidemiological problems concerning cruiser-related infectious diseases reported since 1973, so as to provide evidences for the diagnosis, prevention and control of diseases. Methods Information retrieval was made by using Pubmed, Medline and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) to find out papers concerning cruiser-related infectious diseases reported from 1973 to the present, and at the same time, data concerning cruiser-related gastrointestinal infectious diseases published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) were also sorted out, and finally statistical analyses were made on such related factors as the category of diseases, types of pathogens and the areas of navigation. Results Research results indicated that gastrointestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases, the gastrointestinal infectious diseases in particular, were the two main types of cruiser-related infectious diseases. Norovirus, shigella and Escherichia coli were the most commonly detected pathogens in the gastrointestinal infectious disease pathogens, whereas the most pathogenic factor for respiratory diseases were influenza virus, followed by varicella and legionella. In all the cruisers that were affected by infectious diseases, those sailing in tropical waters had the higher incidence rate, which was significantly higher than those sailing in temperate and frigid zones, which accounted for 72.72%, 13.64% and 13.64% respectively. Conclusions Gastrointestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases were the main types of cruiser-related infectious diseases, and the distribution of pathogens had their special patterns, which were closely related with the geographic regions of sailing. Knowledge about cruiser-related infectious diseases was of important significance for rapid diagnosis, prevention and control of related diseases. Key words: Cruiser; Infectious diseases; Gastrointestinal infectious diseases; Respiratory infectious diseases; Tropical waters

The professional status of infectious disease physicians in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey

Consequent Effects of Parasitism on Population Dynamics, Food Webs, and Human Health Under Climate Change

Ethical issues in genetics and infectious diseases research: An interdisciplinary expert review

Climate change — the ultimate challenge of our timeCOVID-19 pandemic aside, climate change is the ultimate challenge of our time. However, to date, there has been insufficient political thrust to make that much-needed climate action a reality. Climate change and infectious diseasesInfectious diseases represent only one facet of the threats arising from climate change. Direct impacts from climate change include the more frequent occurrence and increased magnitude of extreme weather events, as well as changing temperatures and precipitation patterns. For climate-sensitive infectious diseases, these changes implicate a shift in geographical and temporal distribution, seasonality, and transmission intensity. Sizing up the problemSusceptibility to the deleterious effects of climate change is a net result of the interplay of not only environmental factors, but also human, societal, and economic factors, with social inequalities being a major determinant of vulnerability. The global South is already disproportionately affected by the climate crisis. The financial capacity to pursue adaptation options is also limited and unevenly distributed. ConclusionsClimate change-induced mortality and morbidity from both infectious and non-infectious diseases, among other adverse scenarios, are expected to rise globally in the future. The coming decade will be crucial for using all remaining opportunities to develop and implement adequate mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Artificial intelligence and infectious diseases: an evidence-driven conceptual framework for research, public health, and clinical practice.

After several pandemics over the last two millennia, the wildlife reservoirs of plague (Yersinia pestis) now persist around the world, including in the western United States. Routine surveillance in this region has generated comprehensive records of human cases and animal seroprevalence, creating a unique opportunity to test how plague reservoirs are responding to environmental change. Here, we test whether animal and human data suggest that plague reservoirs and spillover risk have shifted since 1950. To do so, we develop a new method for detecting the impact of climate change on infectious disease distributions, capable of disentangling long‐term trends (signal) and interannual variation in both weather and sampling (noise). We find that plague foci are associated with high‐elevation rodent communities, and soil biochemistry may play a key role in the geography of long‐term persistence. In addition, we find that human cases are concentrated only in a small subset of endemic areas, and that spillover events are driven by higher rodent species richness (the amplification hypothesis) and climatic anomalies (the trophic cascade hypothesis). Using our detection model, we find that due to the changing climate, rodent communities at high elevations have become more conducive to the establishment of plague reservoirs—with suitability increasing up to 40% in some places—and that spillover risk to humans at mid‐elevations has increased as well, although more gradually. These results highlight opportunities for deeper investigation of plague ecology, the value of integrative surveillance for infectious disease geography, and the need for further research into ongoing climate change impacts.

BackgroundA review of infectious disease research activity and capacity was performed in British Columbia and linked to a process for identifying needs, gaps and opportunities from a public health perspective.MethodsThe study was organized in three phases: an environmental scan to describe current research activity in BC; a consultation to identify needs, gaps and opportunities with those conducting research (key informants) and the end users of research results (stakeholders); and a prioritization of the research needs emerging from the consultation.ResultsAnalysis and synthesis of the consultation data resulted in the identification of nine research themes, which were prioritized in the following order: efficacy and cost-benefit, disease patterns, emerging infectious disease, immunology and vaccines, disease-specific research, health promotion and communications, safe food and water, knowledge translation research and genomics. Six capacity-building themes were also identified: attraction and retention, education and training, collaboration and networks, funding, dissemination of findings, and public health input, surveillance, informatics and databases.InterpretationThe findings were helpful in developing a multi-disciplinary, multi-level infectious disease research agenda linking researchers in universities, hospitals and public health institutions with practitioners and policy-makers in British Columbia’s public health system. The approach is both feasible and important to undertake at the national level.Electronic Supplementary MaterialSupplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/BF03405394 and is accessible for authorized users.