Towards 5G/6G Data Harmonization through NLP and Semantic Web Technologies

EUROLAN, which has been held biennially since 1993, is one of the most significant European summer schools in the area of natural language processing. Each of the EUROLAN sessions has focused on an area of timely interest to researchers in the field; this year's EUROLAN involved students in tutorials and hands-on sessions concerned with semantic web technologies as applied to language processing, ontology creation and use, and consideration of the semantic web's potential and limitations.

Advent of technologies like semantic web, multi-agent systems, web mining has changed the internet as knowledge provider. Web personalization offers a solution to the information overload problem in current web by providing users a personalized experience, considering their interest, behavior, context and emotions. Semantic web technology is based on use of software agents, ontologies and reasoning to add meaning to web information. An important technology for achieving personalization is the use of independent intelligent software agents. This work reviews, web personalization in the light of semantic web and software agent technology. A comparative study of recent works in the domain of web personalization has been carried out for this purpose. This review highlights ample scope for application of intelligent agents in the web personalization domain for solving many existing issues like personalized content management, user profile learning, modeling and adaptive interactions with users.

Exploiting tourism destinations’ knowledge in an RDF-based P2P network

Semantic Web for Health Care and Life Sciences: a review of the state of the art

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore useful Semantic Web technologies and ontology-based applications for digital libraries. It also investigates the perceptions of university librarians and academicians in Pakistan about Semantic Web technologies and their use in digital libraries.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory research design based on Delphi research strategy was conducted to answer the research questions. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 50 key informants including university librarians and academicians to explore their perceptions about Semantic Web technologies and their use in digital libraries. Thematic analysis of interview data was conducted to obtain results.FindingsThe results of this paper showed that DuraCloud, Semantic information mashup, OntoEdit and resource description framework (RDF) are the various Semantic Web applications which are useful for digital libraries to develop semantic relationships among digital contents and increase their accessibility in the web environment. Findings revealed that Semantic Web provides precise results and meets user information needs in an effective way. Results also showed that next-generation digital libraries use context-awareness technology, intelligent agent software and detecting sensors to analyze user information needs and provide dynamic information services. This paper recommended that librarians should embrace the use of emerging web technologies in libraries and offer library services through the medium of the web.Practical implicationsThis paper envisaged the future of digital library services and Semantic Web applications that can be used to re-structure metadata of digital library. This paper has practical implications for librarians to consider the useful applications of Semantic Web for digital library and enhance the interoperability of metadata among heterogeneous information systems. Practically, results obtained from this paper are highly useful for library schools and LIS teachers to up-date their curriculum by incorporating new contents related to web languages and Semantic Web applications for digital libraries.Originality/valueThis paper identifies various Semantic Web applications which are useful for developing Semantic Digital Libraries.

On the web, several key emerging technologies are shaping the landscape and creating for members of web-based communities a whole new experience. In particular the semantic web, web services, The Grid and related technologies are on their way to transform the way users interact on the web. As an illustration of this potential transformation, we propose in this article the application of the semantic web technology to a new breed of web-based community called weblogs. For convenience, parts of the content of blogs are described in the Rich Site Summary (RSS) format to be automatically read by an aggregator called a feed reader. However, the enormous number of blogs on the web makes it difficult for a single person to track down all documents of interest on a particular subject. To assist a blog user, we developed a search service based on the semantic web technology.

Knowledge-based semantic web technologies in the AEC sector

Semantic mashup of biomedical data

Integration of health information systems are crucial to advance the effective delivery of healthcare for individuals and communities across organizational boundaries. Semantic Web technologies may be used to connect, correlate, and integrate heterogeneous datasets spread over the internet. However, when working with sensitive data, such as health data, security mechanisms are needed. A scoping review of the literature was undertaken to provide a broad view of security mechanisms applied to, or along with, Semantic Web technologies that could allow its use with health data. Searches were conducted in the most relevant databases for the scope of this work. The findings were classified according to the main objective and features presented by each solution. Twenty-six studies were included in the review. They introduced mechanisms that addressed several security attributes, such as authentication, authorization, integrity, availability, confidentiality, privacy, and provenance. These mechanisms support access control frameworks, semantic and functional interoperability infrastructures, and privacy compliance solutions. The findings suggest that the application and use of Semantic Web technologies is still growing, with the healthcare area being particularly interested. The main security mechanisms for Semantic Web technologies, the key security attributes and properties, and the main gaps in the literature were identified, helping to understand the technical needs to mitigate the risks of handling personal health information over the Semantic Web. Also, this research has shown that complex and robust solutions are available to successfully address several security properties and features, depending on the context that the electronic health data is being managed.

The development of learning objects which are smaller chunks of learning content is often time consuming and expensive. Recent efforts in producing learning objects that are reusable and sharable were not very successful due to the lack of interoperability between different learning systems. Semantic Web technologies together with ontologies provide rich medium for facilitating e-learning via the semantic annotated learning objects and shared repositories. However, Semantic Web technologies have not yet been applied widely to deliver learning objects. This paper introduces enabling technologies for developing next-generation learning object repository for construction. Semantic Web, ontology, reasoners, and associated technologies are discussed within the paper. This paper also demonstrates how the ontologies and Semantic Web technologies can be used to develop and deliver intelligent, sharable and dynamic learning objects. The paper also outlines the development of repository using the ontology-driven Semantic Web approach and discusses the construction education ontology and semantic databases.

<div><p><em> Machine Translation has been an area of linguistic research for almost more than two decades now. But it still remains a very challenging task for devising an automated system which will deliver accurate translations of the natural languages. However, great strides have been made in this field with more success owing to the development of technologies of the web and off late there is a renewed interest in this area of research. </em></p><p><em> Technological advancements in the preceding two decades have influenced Machine Translation in a considerable way. Several MT approaches including Statistical Machine Translation greatly benefitted from these advancements, basically making use of the availability of extensive corpora. Web technology web3.0 uses the semantic web technology which represents any object or resource in the web both syntactically and semantically. This type of representation is very much useful for the computing systems to search any content on the internet similar to lexical search and improve the internet based translations making it more effective and efficient.</em></p><p><em> In this paper we propose a technique to improve existing statistical Machine Translation methods by making use of semantic web technology. Our focus will be on Tamil and Tamil to English MT. The proposed method could successfully integrate a semantic web technique in the process of WSD which forms part of the MT system. The integration is accomplished by using the capabilities of RDFS and OWL into the WSD component of the MT model. The contribution of this work lies in showing that integrating a Semantic web technique in the WSD system significantly improves the performance of a statistical MT system for a translation from Tamil to English.</em></p></div><em> In this paper we assume the availability of large corpora in Tamil language and specific domain based ontologies with Tamil semantic web technology using web3.0. We are positive on the expansion and development of Tamil semantic web and subsequently infer that Tamil to English MT will greatly improve the disambiguation concept apart from other related benefits. This method could enable the enhancement of translation quality by improving on word sense disambiguation process while text is translated from Tamil to English language. This method can also be extended to other languages such as Hindi and Indian Languages.</em>

In this dissertation we examined data graphs from several aspects. Data graphs are directed, labeled graphs whose vertices represent concepts or objects, and edges describe relationships among them. My theses are grouped around three main topics and each of these topics is related in some way to data graphs and Semantic Web technologies. The focus of the first topic is on Semantic Web technologies that are designed to link data available on the Web. For this purpose, a framework was created that allows heterogeneous data from various sources to be integrated and allow us to describe our knowledge about the world. The data sets given in this framework can be represented as directed, labeled graph and can be stored as data graphs. For querying the data sets, a declarative pattern- based language was developed. Concerning this area we have explored how to exploit the benefits of visualization in understanding and characterizing data sets. We have shown what options and challenges are offered by the structure of the new framework in displaying the data. In addition, we have reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of visual query languages. The second main topic is the semantic matching in which we have to select the best matching elements among many. Various matching functions have been introduced that make it possible to decide how much the elements fit together. For the definition of functions, another Semantic Web technology, namely ontologies, have been used. Ontologies provide vocabularies to describe the most important concepts of given domains, and to organize the concepts into hierarchies and groups. We have presented probability model based matching functions as well. The third main topic is related to the analysis of social networks that makes easier to understand the structure of our society and people's behavior. We have examined the most influential set of nodes of the social networks through which the largest part of the network can be accessed and influenced. Greedy alorithms have been introduced to find the most influential set of nodes. We have also presented an extension for RapidMiner data mining software which allows us to use network analyzing algorithms as part of data mining tasks. Moreover, we have shown how Semantic Web technologies can be used for examining social networks.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether Semantic Web technologies can contribute to Internet Registry Information Service Protocol (IRIS) protocol development. IRIS is a new protocol for providing an information service for Internet resources. It is currently still under development by an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group. The objective of the working group is to develop and standardize a new protocol to replace the Whois protocol. Whois is the standard protocol used today by information services for Internet resources, i.e. domain names, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, autonomous systems, amongst others. The motivation to develop a new protocol was based on increasing concerns regarding the security of data stored in the Whois database as the Whois protocol does not provide any security mechanism. Another motivation was the absence of support for distributed databases as the Whois protocol was developed for a centralized database, hence it no longer meets the standard requirements for Internet protocols. So far, the working group has tackled and solved two main issues concerning the Whois protocol: (1) security and (2) support for distributed databases. However, the development of a new standard demands a great investment from the community, in particular with respect to consensus-based policies. Additionally, there is one major barrier against adopting the new protocol: the users adoption. The new protocol must have longevity without being updated or replaced by another protocol. To reach this goal, it is necessary to meet not only the current requirements, such as security issues, but to cater also for future requirements. This thesis is concerned with the following research activities: (1) comparative analysis of the current protocols used to provide information services on Internet resources, (2) the IRIS protocol analysis and (3) the evaluation of new technologies that could be incorporated in the new protocol, in particular Semantic technologies. The results demonstrate that Semantic Web technologies could provide the necessary flexibility and extensibility to meet the current and future requirements of IRIS. To validate the theoretical results a prototype based on the IRIS specification was implemented using Semantic Web technologies. Two types of experiments were conducted: (1) experiments comparing the Whois and the prototype performance and (2) performance evaluation of the prototype based on load tests. Finally, the prototype implementation and subsequent experiment results serve as a proof-of-concept that Semantic Web technologies could contribute towards the IRIS protocol success.

Background. The complexity and inter-related nature of biological data poses a difficult challenge for data and tool integration. There has been a proliferation of interoperability standards and projects over the past decade, none of which has been widely adopted by the bioinformatics community. Recent attempts have focused on the use of semantics to assist integration, and Semantic Web technologies are being welcomed by this community.Description.SADI – Semantic Automated Discovery and Integration – is a lightweight set of fully standards-compliant Semantic Web service design patterns that simplify the publication of services of the type commonly found in bioinformatics and other scientific domains. Using Semantic Web technologies at every level of the Web services “stack”, SADI services consume and produce instances of OWL Classes following a small number of very straightforward best-practices. In addition, we provide codebases that support these best-practices, and plug-in tools to popular developer and client software that dramatically simplify deployment of services by providers, and the discovery and utilization of those services by their consumers. Conclusions. SADI Services are fully compliant with, and utilize only foundational Web standards; are simple to create and maintain for service providers; and can be discovered and utilized in a very intuitive way by biologist end-users. In addition, the SADI design patterns significantly improve the ability of software to automatically discover appropriate services based on user-needs, and automatically chain these into complex analytical workflows. We show that, when resources are exposed through SADI, data compliant with a given ontological model can be automatically gathered, or generated, from these distributed, non-coordinating resources - a behavior we have not observed in any other Semantic system. Finally, we show that, using SADI, data dynamically generated from Web services can be explored in a manner very similar to data housed in static triple-stores, thus facilitating the intersection of Web services and Semantic Web technologies.

Science and technology have become essential components of healthcare. The emergence of Artificial intelligence (AI), Blockhain, mobile techs, Internet of Things (IoT) and Semantic Web Technologies (SWTs) etcetera have amplified the growing influence of technology in global health systems. IoT and SWTs in particular are seen as the next-generation technologies that can revolutionize global health systems. Thus, this paper examines the various potentials of IoT and SWTs in the health sector, with a view to creating more awareness regarding its prospects and associated risks, and also to assist stakeholders to maximize its possibilities to enrich healthcare delivery. We deduced that both IoT and SWTs harbour promising features that are now being deployed in the health sector to enhance quality service delivery, medical research and innovations, smart health, telemedicine, communications, patient care and effective health outcomes just to mention but a few. We conclude that the adoption and implementation of IoT-based devices and SWTs will be significant in sustainability and improvement of healthcare systems in the future. However, privacy and medical data security remains a major source of concern to many stakeholders.