Towards the Next Generation Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture

The goal of the workshop is to develop concepts and methods to assist the engineering and management of service oriented enterprise architectures and the software systems supporting them. Especially four themes of research have been pursued: 1. Alignment of the enterprise goals and strategies with the service-oriented enterprise architecture; 2. Design of the service-oriented enterprise architecture; 3. Mapping of service-oriented enterprise architecture to enterprise resources; 4. SoEA and Cloud-Computing; influence of cloud, social and big data.

Service orientation is a new paradigm, not only for software engineering but also for the broader topic of enterprise architecture. This chapter studies the relevance and impact of the service concept and service orientation to the discipline of enterprise architecture. It provides ideas on how to set up a service-oriented enterprise architecture. It is argued that a service-oriented approach to enterprise architecture provides better handles for architectural alignment and business and IT alignment, in particular.

High-level enterprise services are considered as wrappers of business processes and ICT capabilities in enterprise architecture. Enterprise services have distinctive features that are not typically observed in Web services, e.g. signicant portions of the functionality of these services might be executed in a human-mediated fashion. As such, a service level agreement should be described as a mixture of human-mediated functionality (e.g., service penalty) and computer-interpretable factors (e.g., reliability, payment). This paper reports our preliminary work in defining a taxonomy for co-relating SLAs with elements of enterprise architecture. It gives insight into the alignment between what the enterprise in questions contractually agrees with its partners (or customers) and what it possesses to be able to fulfill the agreement. We define the service level agreement formally. We adopt the ArchiMate - a widely used language for modeling and analyzing enterprise architectures. We then propose the corelation between items in the agreement with elements in the enterprise architecture. We showcase our work using a real-life case-study in the retailing market of domestic airfare.

Service oriented architectures (SOA) are becoming reality in a corporate environment. Rather than pure technology improvements SOA intends to increase manageability and sustainability of IT systems and to better align business requirements and technology implementations. Following these intentions current SOA research is focused on the management of SOA. In this paper we present a method to identify metrics for an evaluation of SOA. Therefore we adopted the goal/question/metrics method to SOA specifics. Since SOA is not limited to questions of technology we will show where SOA might be located in an enterprise architecture (EA) context. Based on the assumption that SOA follows different goals on different levels of EA abstraction, the paper shows, how these goals can be developed to metrics which can be consolidated in a measurement program.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) has undergone many changes since the IT has found its way into enterprises. At the moment the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is being hyped but has also gained some importance. Implementing SOA can have many implications for an enterprise, depending on how visionary the implemented architecture is. This paper provides the description of an enterprise architecture that is fully-fledged concerning service-orientation and points out the architectural challenges that have to be mastered with future research results.

Digitization of societies changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. In the age of digital transformation IT environments with a large number of rather small structures like Internet of Things (IoT), Microservices, or mobility systems are emerging to support flexible and agile digitized products and services. Adaptable ecosystems with service-oriented enterprise architectures are the foundation for self-optimizing, resilient run-time environments and distributed information systems. The resulting business disruptions affect almost all new information processes and systems in the context of digitization. Our aim are more flexible and agile transformations of both business and information technology domains with more flexible enterprise information systems through adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates mechanisms for decision-controlled digitization architectures for Internet of Things and Microservices by evolving enterprise architecture reference models and state of the art elements for architectural engineering for micro-granular systems.

The digital transformation of our life changes the way we work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. Enterprises are presently transforming their strategy, culture, processes, and their information systems to become digital. The digital transformation deeply disrupts existing enterprises and economies. Digitization fosters the development of IT systems with many rather small and distributed structures, like Internet of Things, Microservices and mobile services. Since years a lot of new business opportunities appear using the potential of services computing, Internet of Things, mobile systems, big data with analytics, cloud computing, collaboration networks, and decision support. Biological metaphors of living and adaptable ecosystems provide the logical foundation for self-optimizing and resilient run-time environments for intelligent business services and adaptable distributed information systems with service-oriented enterprise architectures. This has a strong impact for architecting digital services and products following both a value-oriented and a service perspective. The change from a closed-world modeling world to a more flexible open-world composition and evolution of enterprise architectures defines the moving context for adaptable and high distributed systems, which are essential to enable the digital transformation. The present research paper investigates the evolution of Enterprise Architecture considering new defined value-oriented mappings between digital strategies, digital business models and an improved digital enterprise architecture.

SmartLife ecosystems are emerging as intelligent user-centered systems that will shape future trends in technology and communication. Biological metaphors of living adaptable ecosystems provide the logical foundation for self-optimizing and self-healing run-time environments for intelligent adaptable business services and related information systems with service-oriented enterprise architectures. The present research in progress work investigates mechanisms for adaptable enterprise architectures for the development of service-oriented ecosystems with integrated technologies like Semantic Technologies, Web Services, Cloud Computing and Big Data Management. With a large and diverse set of ecosystem services with different owners, our scenario of service-based SmartLife ecosystems can pose challenges in their development, and more importantly, for maintenance and software evolution. Our research explores the use of knowledge modeling using ontologies and flexible metamodels for adaptable enterprise architectures to support program comprehension for software engineers during maintenance and evolution tasks of service-based applications. Our previous reference enterprise architecture model ESARC--Enterprise Services Architecture Reference Cube--and the Open Group SOA Ontology was extended to support agile semantic analysis, program comprehension and software evolution for a SmartLife applications scenario. The Semantic Browser is a semantic search tool that was developed to provide knowledge-enhanced investigation capabilities for service-oriented applications and their architectures.

In this article we address the integration of functional models with non-functional models in the context of service-oriented enterprise architecture. Starting from the observation that current approaches to model-driven development have a strong focus on functionality, we argue the necessity of including non-functional aspects as early as possible in the service design process. We distinguish two modelling spaces, the design space and the analysis space, which can be integrated by means of model transformations. Quantitative results obtained in the analysis space, using special-purpose analysis techniques, can be related back to the design models by means of a reverse transformation. This provides a framework for incorporating non-functional analysis into methodological support for e-service development. While, for detailed design models, performance analysis is more or less covered by existing techniques, there is still a gap at the architectural overview level. Therefore, we propose an approach for performance analysis of layered, service-oriented architecture models, which consists of two phases: a ‘‘top-down’’ propagation of workload parameters, and a “bottom-up’’ propagation of performance or cost measures. By means of an example, we demonstrate the application of the approach and show that a seamless integration with detailed performance analysis methods (e.g., queueing analysis) can be achieved.

Several frameworks have been developed to assist the analysis of service management systems. However, most of these frameworks only capture limited aspects of a service-oriented enterprise. This paper first reviews several popular service management frameworks. An enterprise architecture approach that is commonly used in information systems planning has been adapted to integrate various service management frameworks and tools, as well as to support the planning and documentation of a service-oriented enterprise. The proposed service-oriented enterprise architecture (SOEA) includes the following aspects: service, process, people, information, and motivation. Each aspect can be viewed from a strategic, tactical, and operational level. The mapping of the conceptual constructs of existing service management frameworks to the proposed SOEA is discussed in detail.

E-Business research and practice can be situated on following multiple levels: applications, technological issues, support and implementation (Ngai and Wat 2002). Here we consider technological components for realizing business processes and discuss their foundation architecture for technological enabling. The article provides an introduction to the terms, techniques and realization issues for eventdriven and service-oriented architectures. We begin with a definition of terms and propose a reference architecture for an event-driven service-oriented architecture (EDSOA). Possible applications in the area of E-Business and solution guidelines are considered in the second part of the article. Service-oriented Architectures (SOA) have gained momentum since their introduction in the last years. Seen as an approach to integrate heterogeneous applications within an enterprise architecture they are also used to design flexible and adaptable business processes. An SOA is designed as a distributed system architecture providing a good integration possibility of already existing application systems. Furthermore, SOA is mostly suitable for complex and large system landscapes.

In practice, many government organizations have representative offices or specialized units which are spread all over Indonesia. With the increasing development of information technology and the expansion in Indonesia areas, also the increasing need for information and communication technology, it would require a flexible, easily expandable, and sustainable IT Infrastructure. To create a sustainable and flexible IT infrastructures, it is necessary to align between IT needs and organization business, so that there will be mutual support between both entities. Enterprise Architecture (EA) can help to build that alignment, and service-orientation architectural approach will help to design the infrastructure. This EA will be developed by using collaboration and tailoring TOGAF ADM as EA framework and SONA (Service Architecture Network Architecture) as information system and technology design framework which are connecting network infrastructure, network services, and application. SONA will be used as reference for the phases of the cycle TOGAF ADM. This paper presents Volcanoes Monitoring System in Indonesia with a case study design for the proposed methodology. The result of this research is "Clear" status definition of EA work based on EA score card assessment, and this means EA work is well defined and documented.

In service-oriented enterprise architecture, provisioning business services is made on top of IT processes, which should be elastic amid the availability of computing resources and the variation of user demand. In addition, the provisioning depends on human resources utilized and is constrained by the business objectives (e.g. a goal) plus coarse-grained constraints (e.g. an order in which business services take place). This elasticity and constrainedness can best be witnessed on nonfunctional properties of the business services being provisioned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for modeling and reasoning about them. The framework features a methodology for formally expressing the aforementioned factors in services provisioning, an engine to find solutions and a simulation.

This chapter introduces Enterprise Architecture (EA) foundations. After introducing the major motivations that drive the EA, the layers used to describe the EA are presented. The remaining of the chapter is organized around each EA layer, describing the business, information, application, technology, and service architectures, including its concepts and dependencies. Finally, several exercises are proposed.

The ability to rapidly find potential business partners as well as rapidly set up a collaborative business process is desirable in the face of market turbulence. Collaborative business processes are increasingly dependent on the integration of business information systems. Traditional linking of business processes has a large ad hoc character. Implementing situational enterprise services in an appropriate way will deliver the business more flexibility, adaptability and agility. Service-oriented architectures (SOA) are rapidly becoming the dominant computing paradigm. It is now being embraced by organizations everywhere as the key to business agility. Web 2.0 technologies such as AJAX on the other hand provide good user interactions for successful service discovery, selection, adaptation, invocation and service construction. They also balance automatic integration of services and human interactions, disconnecting content from presentation in the delivery of the service. Another Web technology, such as semantic Web, makes automatic service discovery, mediation and composition possible. Integrating SOA, Web 2.0 Technologies and Semantic Web into a service-oriented virtual enterprise connects business processes in a much more horizontal fashion. To be able run these services consistently across the enterprise, an enterprise infrastructure that provides enterprise architecture and security foundation is necessary. The world is constantly changing. So does the business environment. An agile enterprise needs to be able to quickly and cost-effectively change how it does business and who it does business with. Knowing, adapting to diffident situations is an important aspect of today’s business environment. The changes in an operating environment can happen implicitly and explicitly. The changes can be caused by different factors in the application domain. Changes can also happen for the purpose of organizing information in a better way. Changes can be further made according to the users' needs such as incorporating additional functionalities. Handling and managing diffident situations of service-oriented enterprises are important aspects of business environment. In the chapter, we will investigate how to apply new Web technologies to develop, deploy and executing enterprise services.