Traditional Values: Conception, Approaches, Ideologemes

Introduction. The article analyzes the advantages of the family in the formation and intergenerational continuity of basic national values and the gradual, step-by-step development of their youth. The article uses the experience of assessing traditional values by students of Nizhny Novgorod schools during family-patriotic contests, as well as the results of the author's sociological research among schoolchildren on the degree of their commitment to Russian values.Materials and Methods. The authors of the article relied on the analysis of primary and secondary sociological data. In general, general scientific research methods were applied (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative historical and dialectical methods).Results. The successful implementation of the intergenerational transmission of values by the family was negatively affected by the cardinal transformations of Russian society in the 90s of the XX century. The attempt to revise the basic Russian traditional values in favor of liberalization through familiarization with the Western way of life (imposing the priority of values on the psychology of mass consumption society) of the majority of Russians led to a deepening of the crisis state of the institution of the family and society as a whole. Meanwhile, the Russian family, possessing a number of qualities (one of which is a sense of healthy conservatism), was able to preserve the best practices of broadcasting intergenerational values. However, the thoughtless policy of the reformers of the "Yeltsin's hard times" did not pass by without a trace. The analysis of secondary and primary sociological data has shown that many traditional Russian spiritual and moral values are insufficiently formed. Let's denote two "pain points":1. The negative attitude of the majority of young men (59.6%) to the statement that "Conscription is an obligatory stage in life for every man is extremely alarming." There is a crisis of fatherhood as the main element in the functioning of the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of values. 2. The popularity of so-called "alternative" forms of family structure among young people is alarming. An analysis of the data on gender identity revealed discrepancies that draw attention to themselves. Thus, boys (71.8%) are more confident that "A family is a union of a man and a woman, and not Parents No. 1 and No. 2" than girls (53.6%). This is an occasion for further research and explanation of the reason for the greater commitment of young men to traditional family values than girls.Discussion and Conclusions. Theoretical and methodological analysis of the state of modern Russian society and the family has shown that the actualization of public attention on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, their legislative consolidation in various decrees and by-laws and their practical implementation has a positive effect on the system of education of younger youth in general. The results of the author's sociological research indicate, for the most part, the formation of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values in the youth consciousness. Thus, it can be argued that Russian society has not lost the ability of intergenerational transmission of basic Russian values, its mental and cultural code.

Modern society is currently experiencing strong influences in the 21st-century that are shaping culture, structure and various institutional features. Although modern rational value systems supersede traditional ones, some traditional and modern values still coexist. The blurring of the modern-traditional values dichotomy is the result, even now in the Malaysian corporate world, shaping corporate and economic behaviour and practices. The social inclusion and exclusion of women in board directorship are influenced by traditional values as much as modern values, hence challenging male board dominance. Based on a qualitative research methodology, this paper discusses some empirical findings. Semi-structured interviews with 17 male and female directors from public-listed (PLCs) and private companies in Malaysia found the coexistence of traditional and modern values and related aspects that have enabled women to get appointed, empowered, and sustain their appointment on the PLCs boards. Modern values like rationality, efficiency, meritocracy, professionalism, and individuality coexist with traditional personalism, trust, loyalty and patriarchy (notably male status quo dominance). These values are portrayed through hard and soft skills, technical and practical business knowledge, some personality traits and professional business and work experiences. This social inclusion and exclusion aspects will drive the rise, withdrawal, exit or even avoidance of women as company directors of PLCs in Malaysia. This blurring dichotomy argument may hold for as long as the society subscribes to the coexistence of modern and traditional values systems in modern corporate Malaysia.

The article examines the evolution of the system of traditional values in the era of fundamental changes in the social system. Values of different levels are considered: formational, belonging to a certain social system and changing with the change of the system, as well as civilizational, deep values, generated in a certain religious and cultural space and preserved in the system of ideals and norms of behavior of many generations.Values reflect and express a certain state of the whole society. With the change of the social system through formational evolution in the West or through “catch-up modernization” in non-Western countries, changes occur in the system of values as an interconnected set of ideals, ideas and norms. Traditional values, as a rule, retreat before the values of “today”, generated by society itself or borrowed from outside. Conflicts of identity and self-identity of the individual and society arise.In the first decades of the 21st century, in the context of the beginning of the change of the world order, new meanings of development are being developed and sought. The processes of globalization (technological revolution, global migration, flows of goods and information), as well as the West’s desire to maintain the dominant order, while nonWestern countries strengthen their importance in the world system, give rise to conflicts of values at different levels. However, not every civilizational challenge becomes a threat to traditional values. In non-Western societies, there is an adaptation of their value system to changed conditions while maintaining fidelity to the ideals and norms of their cultural and religious tradition.

This study aims to analyze the annual messages of the head of state to the Russian Federal Assembly on the situation in the country, on the main directions of domestic and foreign policy of the state through contextual consideration of their value concepts about the meanings of Russian historical existence, purpose, and civilizational essence. The author identifies the main provisions that make up the concept of sovereign Russian statehood and isolates its essential elements, although without an exhaustive theoretical construction. The chronological framework covers the 1994–2024 period. The results highlight the relevance of the state sovereignty idea; explain how the country’s top officials understand this idea as an unconditional benefit for Russia; show the inextricable link between Russia’s survival and preservation with the consolidation of society around traditional values and moral guidelines developed by the state-forming people in their historical development; describe the emerging trend of rethinking liberal democracy and a new paradigm of the Russian model of the constitutional system, synthesizing elements of various state-legal regimes, which may indicate a transition to a national conservative approach closer to the “state-civilization” theory.

Traditional spiritual and moral values play a vital role in fostering a sense of civic identity and cohesion in Russian society. They provide a common framework of beliefs, rituals and values that unite all people. By contributing to a common understanding and meaning, these values strengthen social ties and promote cooperation, solidarity and mutual support among members of Russian society. All of this contributes not only to the unity of the Russian people, but also to the preservation of Russian civilization. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the importance of studying traditional values in the school curriculum of social studies, which play an important role in shaping the worldview of the younger generation of Russia. It also aims to show the significance of traditional values for modern Russia and Russian civilization as a whole.

After the establishment of modern China in 1949, the country went through several decades of political upheaval during which the Confucian education system underpinning the traditional Chinese value system was severely compromised (Bell and Waizer, 2010; Bond, 1986; Martinsons and Westwood, 1997; Davison et al., 2009). Meanwhile, economic reforms in the past three decades have brought with them the Western mindset that accompanies modern capitalism (Martinsons, 2008). However, the situation remains complex, given China’s immature institutional frameworks and legal system (Davison et al., 2009). On the one hand, trends show that there is now little room for traditional Chinese values in the face of invading Western concepts. On the other hand, it appears that certain Chinese values might have an edge in a fast-changing business environment, particularly the challenge to the West of the recent financial crisis (Jian, 2009; Panzner, 2009; Sung, 2008). Indeed, previous studies have shown that the present cadre of Chinese managers still exhibit Confucian values in their business dealings, and that these values still affect the commercial behaviour of Chinese managers (Burrows et al., 2005; Chan et al., 1998; Wright et al., 2002). Traditional Confucian values still influence the Chinese in several ways, apart from through the education system (Zheng et al., 2005). One of these channels is Chinese folk wisdom, the oral tradition handed down through the ‘family education’.KeywordsBusiness EthicEthical DecisionEthical LeadershipChinese ManagerChinese BusinessThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The preservation of the traditional value system is one of the most important problems of the modern globalizing world, which has an existential significance for nations. As is known, in recent decades, the basis of ideological development in the world is considered to be the value system of neoliberalism. Since the 1990s, many transitional countries began to be forced to copy the Western model of liberalism. Naturally, the societies of many states resisted and continue to resist such processes, considering them a threat to their identity, traditions and value system. The society of the Republic of Armenia alsofaces such problems. In the article, the issue of preserving the traditional value system in Armenia is considered not only from the point of view of preserving national identity, but also as a problem of existence in the context of confronting the challenges of globalization. It is concluded that on the path of modern transformations of the value system, the power system of Armenia should consider global developments and new manifestations of worldview, which in the foreseeable future will leave their mark on modern Armenian society. Accordingly, the Republic of Armenia should not unconditionally reject the ideas proposed by globalism, but study them and localize the useful ones that do not contradict the peculiarities of the country and its interests, implementing all this in parallel with the preservation of traditional values. Today, our state is required to pursue a flexible policy: without harming our traditional values, to adopt and localize many civilizational principles that contribute to international recognition. From the point of view of the public administration system of the Republic of Armenia, several factors are important for maintaining this balance. First, public policy should be based on the principles of respect for traditions and keeping pace with international developments. Secondly, the introduction of the principles of transparency and accountability in the public administration system will also contribute to increasing public trust, which is an important prerequisite for value transformations. Finally, regional decentralized governance can contribute to the preservation of local identity, taking into consideration the peculiarities of different communities in the governance system, while maintaining the general direction of state policy.

This article examines the relationship between human rights and national traditions from a philosophical perspective. The study considers the integration of these two value systems, their contradictions, and complementary possibilities. The aim of the article is to identify ways to harmonize human rights and traditional values in modern society. The author has developed theoretical models of harmonious combination of human rights and national traditions and corresponding practical recommendations. The author's analysis is based on philosophical categories, comparative and dialectical methods. Based on the results of the study, opportunities for ensuring social stability and development through dialogue between national traditions and human rights are proposed.

Аргументы, определяющие необходимость актуализации идеи создания и развития русской школы в современной России, включают следующее содержание. К ним относим: современную социокультурную ситуацию в мире, определяемую необходимостью пересмотра геополитических отношений; сложившиеся в истории образования модели русской школы, русской национальной школы; гуманизацию содержания образования в целом; осознание личной ответственности каждым педагогом — чиновником-администратором и учителем — перед современным социумом; выросшую значимость национального самосознания, отражающуюся в воспитании любви к Отечеству, патриотизма, гражданственности; особое уважение к русской культуре и ее традициям. Концепция духовно-нравственного развития и воспитания личности гражданина России (2011) уже в начале второго десятилетия XXI века определяла национальный воспитательный идеал, систему базовых национальных ценностей, педагогические принципы духовно-нравственного развития и воспитания обучающихся. Содержание указанного документа напрямую перекликаются с утверждениями К. Д. Ушинского, В. А. Грингмута, С. А. Рачинского, Л. А. Тихомирова и других о необходимости «сделать русские школы русскими», не забывая о необходимости духовно-нравственной консолидации многонационального народа Российской Федерации. Программа воспитания, как часть основной образовательной программы общеобразовательной организации, сегодня в качестве ключевых задач рассматривает приобщение обучающихся к традиционным российским духовно-нравственным ценностям, нормам жизнедеятельности в современном российском обществе. В качестве характеристики личностных результатов, согласно ФГОС, на первом месте стоит формирование российской идентичности, что, безусловно, было бы результативнее сформировать в рамках модели русской школы. Авторами публикации приведены историко-педагогические аспекты изучения становления и развития идеи русской школы в трудах исследователей XIX—XXI веков. Представлено описание некоторых моделей авторских русских школ в исторической ретроспективе. Дано содержательное определение феномена русской школы в современных условиях жизнедеятельности Российской Федерации. Currently, the following arguments are used as arguments determining the need to actualize the idea of creating and developing a Russian school in modern Russia: socio-cultural situation in the world, determined by the need to revise geopolitical relations; the models of the Russian school and the Russian national school that have developed in the history of education; the humanization of the content of education as a whole; awareness of personal responsibility of each educator - either an official administrator or a school teacher — before modern society; the increased importance of national identity, reflected in the education of love for the Fatherland, patriotism, citizenship; special respect for Russian culture and its traditions. The Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia (2011) already at the beginning of the second decade of the XXI century defined the national educational ideal, the system of basic national values, pedagogical principles of spiritual and moral development and education of students. The contents of this document directly echo the statements of K. D. Ushinsky, V. A. Gringmut, S. A. Rachinsky, L. A. Tikhomirov and others about the need to “make Russian schools Russian”, not forgetting the need for spiritual and moral consolidation of the multinational people of the Russian Federation. The education program, as part of the main educational program of a general education organization, today considers as key tasks the familiarization of students with traditional Russian spiritual and moral values and norms of life in modern Russian society. As a characteristic of personal results, according to the Federal State Educational Standard, the formation of Russian identity is in the first place, which, of course, would be more effective to form within the framework of the Russian school model. The authors of the publication present the historical and pedagogical aspects of the study of the formation and development of the idea of the Russian school in the works of researchers of the XIX—XXI centuries. The description of some models of the author’s Russian schools in historical retrospect is presented. The substantial definition of the phenomenon of the Russian school in the modern conditions of the life of the Russian Federation is given.

The article is a retrospection of the ideas of digitalization and the subsequent possible transformation of the value consciousness of Russians. The Object of the Study is the values of Russians. The Subject of the Study is the values of Russians in the context of digitalization. The Purpose of the Study is penetrating the process and possible social consequences of the implementation of the programs "Digital Economy of the Rossiyskay Federatsiya" and "Strategy of National Security of the Rossiyskaya Federatsiya until 2020". Replacing traditional sociocultural and moral values of Russians with instinctive ones max happen as a result of active digitalization in the most negative development of events. The article records the fact of the forming of new digital (information) values of the population of the Russian society in the context of the values of traditional culture. A simulation of a number of actualized values of the present-day Russian society is noted. The author analyzes innovations and the social consequences of digitalization for the population of Rossiya, the dynamics of the process of introducing digital technologies into the life of Russian society. The main problems of inclusion of digitalization in everyday life of Russians have been designated.Sociologists observe the process of the formation of values over the centuries, and yet the variability of value consciousness depends largely on the types of social interaction. In many ways, the conditions of existence in the digital age regulate the specificity of social life in general. The digital age presupposes a high capacity for social adaptation of various segments of the population. Digitalization and the formation of a new values system and value orientations in the digital environment can be especially relevant and significant for the young Russians. New technologies, means of communication, opportunities provided by new standards of service - all this predisposes to a change in the traditional value system of Russians. Difficulties with the introduction of digital technologies are observed in remote rural regions of the country The Main Provisions of the Article: digitalization brings new values; changes in the value paradigm often determine the conditions for the existence of society as a whole; The digital age forms the new value paradigm of the Russians.

Relevance. With the development of digital technologies, the analysis of the form and content of contemporary digital art has become a priority research task, necessitating a discussion of the typology of digital art and the mechanisms by which societal values are shaped within a philosophical, cultural, value-based, and economic context. In today's context, the study of the mechanisms of digital art as a system for shaping traditional values is particularly relevant. The purpose is to develop a conceptual framework for the mechanism by which digital art influences the formation of traditional value systems. Objectives: to identify the essence of digital art and its attributes, develop its typology, and identify the channels through which digital art influences traditional value systems. Methodology. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary analysis of digital art interpretation based on value-based, cultural, technological, and economic approaches. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and content analysis, a review of scientific research, and general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization were used. Results. This article summarizes approaches to understanding digital art, identifies its attributes ‒ technological development, social interaction, and economic performance, and defines a matrix for the application of digital tools in contemporary art forms. Elements that determine the effectiveness of digital art as a communication channel in the formation of traditional values are identified: digital inclusivity, interactivity, social interaction, mass appeal, and institutionalization. Conclusions. Understanding the multifaceted nature of digital art is the basis for examining its impact on traditional value systems. The results obtained will allow for the further development of approaches to the formation of creative industries and the art market, as well as the refinement of tools for the development of digital art markets.

Background: The principle ne bis in idem is a traditional principle relevant to criminal proceedings in European states. While in the past, crime had a primarily national dimension, these days, it has an international dimension as well. The Europeanisation of law also occurred in criminal law, including criminal proceedings. Thus, an understanding of ne bis in idem as a modern guarantee involving the international dimension is needed. Methods: The basic sources used for the elaboration of the paper are scholarly sources (monographs, textbooks, studies, and scientific papers, etc.), legislative instruments (international agreements, etc.), and case-law (of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union). The materials used here also include the available explanatory memorandums. The author uses traditional methods of legal scientific (jurisprudential) research – general scientific methods as well as special methods of legal science (jurisprudence). The general scientific methods used in the paper are predominantly logical methods, namely, the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, and the method of analogy, as well as the descriptive method. The descriptive method has been used to familiarise the reader with the current legal regulation of ne bis in idem. The method of analysis has been used as regards relevant provisions and case-law. The method of synthesis has also been used, as has the method of analogy. The special methods of legal science used here predominantly include methods belonging to a group of interpretative methods, namely, the teleological method, the systematic method, the historical method, and the comparative method. The teleological method has been used as regards the explanation of the purpose of legislative instruments. The systematic method has been used in the classification of the principle of ne bis in idem. The historical method has been used as regards the genesis and historical aspects of ne bis in idem. The comparative method has been used to examine the relationship between legislative instruments. Results and Conclusions: The principle of ne bis in idem is one of the oldest norms in western civilisation. Since the Europeanisation of law also occurred in criminal law, including criminal proceedings, the principle of ne bis in idem became a part of international legal documents. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by Protocol No. 7, introduced a new right – the ‘right not to be tried or punished twice’. In addition, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which is the first bill of rights developed explicitly for the EU, also introduced the principle of ne bis in idem as the ‘right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence’. However, its understanding in the Charter has no additional significance. In principle, it is the same. Despite the fact the primary purpose of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement is to facilitate the free movement of persons between member states of the EU by removing internal border controls, several measures have been introduced which focus on police and judicial co-operation, including the principle of ne bis in idem, in the provision entitled ‘Application of the ne bis in idem principle’. This provision is considered the most developed expression of an internationally applicable ne bis in idem. Ne bis in idem also occurs in extradition proceedings and surrender proceedings. Its operation under the European Convention on Extradition prevents the double prosecution of the same person for the same offence in different jurisdictions. As regards the new procedural system introduced by the Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA on the European arrest warrant, based on the surrender proceedings as a special kind of criminal proceedings, there is no absolute obligation to execute the European arrest warrant. The Framework Decision, in its core text, includes grounds for non-execution of the arrest warrant in the executing state – and one of them is the principle of ne bis in idem

Background. The domestic education system is undergoing reform. Some of the latest changes are related to the full return of educational work to schools and the emergence of a new independent subject, “Fundamentals of the Spiritual and Moral Culture of the Peoples of Russia”. There are certain problems on the path to the full implementation of this program, related to the limited experience of teaching this discipline. These include problems with the motivation of students and teachers, problems with the content and substance of the subject, as well as the preparation of teachers to teach it. In this regard, we believe it is necessary to refer to the historical and pedagogical experience of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, when issues related to the formation of students' worldviews were very effectively addressed on the basis of traditional spiritual and moral values, especially at turning points in the country's development. Purpose.The goal is to analyze the historical and pedagogical experience of spiritual and moral education of students in Russia in the history of domestic education. Materials and methods. The main research method is retrospective analysis. In addition, we used historical-structural and historical-genetic methods, which allowed us to identify the pedagogical traditions of spiritual and moral education of students in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods of Russia's development. The article is based on archival sources and includes references to regulatory acts and scientific research literature. Results. A new subject, “Fundamentals of the Spiritual and Moral Culture of the Peoples of Russia,” has been introduced into Russian schools. Its aim is to give students an understanding of the fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia, the role and significance of traditional Russian religions, and secular ethics in the development of Russian culture and history. The introduction of this new subject was supported by a number of documents: Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation No. 809 of November 9, 2022, “On the Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values”, and No. 314 of May 8, 2024, “On the Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Historical Education”. At the same time, a number of problems have emerged related to increasing the motivation of students and teachers for the new discipline, the content of its curriculum, and the readiness of teachers to teach it. These problems force us to turn to our national historical and pedagogical heritage for solutions. This heritage is particularly relevant given that our country has undergone an ideological shift over the past three decades. Given that both communist and liberal doctrines are variants of Western global ideologies that claim to be universal and universal, it is necessary to turn to our own civilizational uniqueness, which must be creatively rethought. Referring to the works of the prominent philosopher, theologian, and historian V.N. Trostnikov, we were able to ascertain that the core of any civilization is religious beliefs, which form the basis of both a people's self-identification and its views on the categories of good and evil, acceptable and unacceptable behavior, thus forming a system of legal consciousness embedded in culture. Due to this circumstance, in pre-revolutionary Russia, which was a vivid example of a traditional society, the Law of God was studied in all educational institutions without exception. Studying this subject, as well as participating in regular religious services, shaped the worldview of the younger generation. Certain provisions of this academic discipline's program concerning the ethics of human relations can be used today not only in classes on the Fundamentals of the Spiritual and Moral Culture of the Peoples of Russia, but also at parent-teacher conferences. In Soviet times, after a period of revolutionary changes aimed at a complete break with previous traditions, especially in the education of students, in the 1930s, on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, positive retro-innovative changes emerged in the teaching of literature and history, introducing students to the spirituality of our ancestors. This policy continued during the war years.When studying the topic of the Great Patriotic War, it is necessary to pay attention to its relevance in connection with the ongoing Special Military Operation, in which the feats of our soldiers reflect the military tradition of serving the Fatherland, which is historically one of our traditional spiritual and moral values, along with others. When introducing students to spiritual and moral culture, schools should take into account the principles of voluntariness and variability, with the mandatory participation of other entities in spiritual and moral education: families, public and religious organizations. In this regard, the relevance of this study is beyond doubt.

Convergence is a term that has been gaining increasing attention across the globe. Conceptually situated between technological and socio-cultural domains – as has been intensely debated between the technological and social determinists since the birth of computer mediated communication (CMC) – mobile culture is no exception. It is powered by inter-operable and multi-functional mobile telecommunication technologies, which are also becoming increasingly high functional especially via fixed-mobile convergence, interconnecting fixed and wireless broadband networks. Wide diffusion and convergence of digital communication technologies – wired and wireless – in recent years have resulted in the emergence of two key paradigmatic convergences: between technology and sociality, and between productivity and play. I will first elucidate these convergences; I will then discuss cultural characteristics of specific East Asian cultures, focusing on South Korea, China, and Japan.

The aim of this research is to study digitalization process impact on the traditional culture values of Russian society. To achieve this goal, such documents as the “Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030” and “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” were considered, the likely consequences of their implementation were analyzed. The relevance of the article lies in the tendency of the world development towards the digitalization of all spheres of public life. During the study, the following interrelated research methods were used: induction and deduction, theoretical and comparative analysis. The problem lies in the complexity of the process of introducing digital technology into an established system of population values. The results showed that the development of new information values in the context of the Russian traditional culture values is possible with the formation of a tolerant information environment and increased public confidence by ensuring a high level of digital security.