Traffic Scheduling Scheme for Disjoint Multipath Routing Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

The smart grid incorporates a two-way communication system between customers and the utility for advanced monitoring and intelligent control of supply and demand. Wireless multimedia sensor network can be treated as an organic supplement and a peripheral network in this two-way communication system. However, the challenging smart grid environment makes it difficult to achieve a high quality of service in wireless multimedia sensor network. This article proposes a prioritization mechanism that considers the heterogeneous characteristics of smart grid traffic. Specifically, an innovative channel allocation and traffic scheduling scheme, named the preemptive tidal flow queuing model, is presented. This scheme achieves differentiated services for diverse communication data when the wireless multimedia sensor network accesses the core network and ensures the performance for high-priority data at the expense of the performance for low-priority data. Simulation analyses show that the performance for high-priority messages can be reliably guaranteed and that the preemptive tidal flow queuing model satisfies the requirements for a wireless multimedia sensor network operating in the smart grid environment. This article offers three main contributions: the development of a prioritization mechanism specifically for a wireless multimedia sensor network in the smart grid environment, the proposal of the preemptive tidal flow queuing model, and the presentation of formulas and simulations to verify the performance of the preemptive tidal flow queuing model.

In the networking research community, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has achieved considerable significance in the past years and it can be used in extensive variety of domains. In recent years, the tremendous growth of WSN does not meet all the necessities of environmental monitoring. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) is required to fulfill the requirements of environment monitoring. In this paper, WMSN is used to monitor the agriculture soil environment. In order to ensure optimal use of the sensor nodes in WMSN and accurate access to the collected data,the routing protocols with both energy efficiency and quality of service ( QoS) properties are necessary for the transmission of photo, video and scalar data.This paper proposes a priority aware energy efficient QoS based data transmission for agriculture soil environment and also detects the pest. It utilizes the available bandwidth and data rate in the best way and in order to be more energy efficient during data transmission.For performance analysis, the proposed system is simulated using Java and the results of the experiments suggest that the proposed algorithm is more efficient compared to other methods in terms of delay and energy consumption.

Developing trusted QoS architecture is important for wireless multimedia sensor networks considering various applications with different QoS requirements. First, the diverse multimedia traffic were analyzed and classified based on application requirements, service model, and multimedia coding method in wireless multimedia sensor networks. And the QoS requirements related to the multimedia traffic were also discussed. Then, a trust management framework was designed for cluster-based wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed framework can be used to next-hop selection in secure routing protocol. Finally, trusted QoS architecture was proposed. In the architecture, QoS manager observes and maintains information about QoS factors, and also responsible for QoS scheduling based on different QoS requirements. Trust Manager observes and maintains information about trust factors in WMSNs, and also responsible for trust computing based on different methods of trust factors aggregation.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) abiding a huge quantity of inexpensive, low consumption and intense sensor nodes and sole or additional decline or base stations. Those nodes are tiny in dimension and can carry out numerous significant affairs, as well as event sensing, in order processing, and data communication. Owed to different compensation such as simplicity of consumption, comprehensive transmission range, and identity association, WSNs have been interchanging the conventional networks. The promising and innovative network of wirelessly connected devices, which consist of video, audio streams, scalar sensor data and others, is Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN). The multimedia data depends on superiority to overhaul (Qos) parameters, like await, channel utilization, network life time throughput and distortion etc is the main aim to optimized delivery of these networks. In multimedia network each packets are communicated with each other so not on time incoming packets and lots of packets are evenly. In WMSNs challenging task to guarantee resource constrained, high data rate, and soft delay limit beside with energy reduced. In this paper, we provide Survey on comparison of different protocol of Wireless sensor network and wirelesss multimedia sensor network like Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks (GPSR), Real-time and Energy Aware Qos routing protocol (REAR), Temporary ordered routing Algorithm (TORA) and Dynamic source routing (DSR). This different protocols with WMSN are compared in requisites of throughput, end-to-end delay, network life time.

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) have been implemented and used in many applications. The camera sensors are usually deployed in the wild to capture the image information and events. Images of outdoor scenes are usually degraded by the turbid medium in the atmosphere (fog, haze etc), which will reduce the accuracy of the sensor system greatly. On the other hand, due to the limited bandwidth in WMSNs, the camera sensor often report with a low frame rate. The traditional fog removal algorithm based on the visual stream can not be applied in the WMSNs directly. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective image prior to remove fog from a single input image. We employ the dark channel prior which is a kind of statistics of the haze-free outdoor images. Using this prior with the haze imaging model, we can directly estimate the thickness of the fog and recover a high quality fog-free image. Experiment results demonstrate the power of the proposed algorithm.

Technological developments in the micro-electronics and wireless communications, in addition to obtain ability of cheap CMOS cameras and micro phones, have led to appearance of next generation networks known as Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WMSN can retrieve image, video, audio and scalar sensor data from the physical environment. Wireless multimedia sensor networks will not only enhance existing sensor network applications like tracking, home automation, and environmental monitor, but they will also enable several new applications such as: Advanced Health Care Delivery, Industrial Process Control, Traffic Congestion Avoidance Systems. In this paper a technique called EEQAR is used to select energy efficient QoS routing which is based on cluster hierarchy. To achieve a enhanced performance, EEQAR routing implements cellular topology to form the cluster structure and balance the energy consumption by structure movement. The simulation results shows that EEQAR performs high efficiency on network lifetime and QoS in wireless multimedia sensor network.

Collaborative in-network processing has shown to efficiently reduce the per-node processing and transmission requirements in wireless multimedia sensor networks. When the camera nodes are randomly distributed in an area of interest, it is very likely that their fields of view would overlap causing the corresponding visual information to be highly correlated. In applied wireless multimedia sensor networks, heterogeneous camera nodes with different sensing radii and angles of view are usually deployed, which has shown to enhance the overall network performance and lifetime. This paper introduces a new correlation model to exploit the correlation characteristics among heterogeneous camera nodes for wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed model, of which a closed-form analytical correlation function was derived, takes into consideration different sensing parameters of the camera nodes; such as the sensing radii and the angles of view. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of the accuracy of estimating the correlation characteristics, the information gain, and the distortion ratio.

The network coding technique is promising for improving the performance of video communication in wireless multimedia sensor networks. However, some special characteristics of existing wireless network coding mechanisms degrade the performance of video data delivery. This work begins with a thorough investigation and understanding of the performance limitations of existing wireless network coding mechanisms. On this basis, we propose an Adaptive Opportunistic Network Coding mechanism (AONC) to improve the transmission quality of video stream in wireless multimedia sensor networks. First, we propose a novel asymmetric coding method to process the video data of different lengths. The aim is to improve data exchange gain. Second, we design an opportunistic forwarding strategy based on dynamic priority to ensure that packets have a better chance to be coded and transmitted, thus achieving much higher throughput. Finally, we present a traffic-aware data scheduling algorithm, working together with the above network coding mechanism, to reduce the loss of potential coding opportunities. Our simulation results demonstrate that, compared with the existing typical network coding mechanisms, AONC can greatly enhance video transmission quality and efficiently utilize bandwidth and energy resources.

Applying multimedia to Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) adds more challenges due to WSN resource constraints and the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multimedia transmission. Different multimedia applications may have different QoS requirements, so routing protocols designed for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) should be conversant of these requirements and challenges in order to ensure the efficient use of resources to transfer multimedia packets in an utmost manner. The majority of solutions proposed for WMSN depends on traditional layered based mechanisms which are inefficient for multimedia transmission. In this paper we propose a cross-layer Ant based Routing Protocol for WMSN (CARPM) by using modified ant colony optimization (ACO) technique to enhance the routing efficiency. The proposed protocol uses an improved ACO to search for the best path that are satisfied with the multimedia traffic requirements. While making best decision the weightage is given to energy consumption, and queuing delay. The proposed cross layer scheme works between the routing, MAC, and physical layers. Since, the remaining power and timestamp metrics are exchanged from physical layer to network layer. Dynamics duty cycle assignment is proposed at MAC layer which changes according to traffic rate. The presented algorithm is simulated using NS2 and is proven to satisfy its goals through a series of simulations.

In recent years, wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) attract great attention. Generally, WMSNs node is equipped with only one single camera for visual observation. In order to achieve wider view-angle, existing solutions, such as node rotation and view-angle adjustment, always cause high cost, high energy consumption and non-real-time response. In this paper, we propose a feasible solution by utilizing four wide-angle cameras to form omni-directional visual sensing for WMSNs node. The omni-directional probability sensing model is analyzed and defined. With DSP processor, we carry out the system architecture in details. Energy consumption is analyzed by comparing with rotatable camera. To our best knowledge, it is the first time that omni-directional vision with multiple cameras is introduced for WMSNs node to monitor the surrounding environment in real time. Experiment results show that the proposed omni-directional sensing can achieve better performance on deployment and energy cost than traditional WMSNs node.

Wireless multimedia sensor networks with sensing and processing abilities of multimedia data have recently emerged as one of the most important technologies for high quality monitoring. The routing scheme for multimedia data is an important research issue addressed in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a disjointed multipath routing scheme for real-time data transmission in wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed scheme uses a hybrid routing protocol based on Bluetooth and Zigbee in order to overcome the limitation of low bandwidth in conventional sensor networks. The proposed scheme also performs disjointed multipath routing based on competition to alleviate the delay of routing path setup. To show the superiority of our proposed scheme, we compare it with the existing scheme through performance evaluation. Our experimental results show that our proposed scheme reduces the end-to-end delay by about 30% and the routing path setup costs by about 22% over the existing scheme. Our scheme also increases data reception rates by about 690% over the existing scheme on average.

Multimedia applications have become an essential part of our daily lives, and their use is flourishing day by day. In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), large volume of multimedia data is transmitted through the network. If the traffic load is greater than the available capacity of the sensor network, congestion occurs and it causes buffer overflow, packet drop, deterioration of network throughput and effect quality of service (QoS). The limited bandwidth should be adjusted for the packets with different priorities precisely. To emphasize the problem, the paper provides A New Approach for Traffic Management in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network. According to the paper, sensor nodes in one collision area can adjust their sending states adaptively based on packet priority. To improve the received video quality in base stations, proposed technique keeps the I-frames and ignores the other less important frame types of compressed video. Also retransmissions of lost packets are provided with different priorities for enhancing the system performance. The simulations show that the bandwidth adjustment can protect the packets with high priority effectively, and the performance of the retransmission is well positioned to meet the requirement of the multimedia applications. MATLAB is used for simulation purpose.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has limited resources such as energy, computation and transmission capacity. These resources are not sufficient for transmitting large amount of data collected by the sensor nodes. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) generates large amount of data that requires more energy and transmission capacity as compared to scalar data. So it is desired to perform in-network data compression in WMSN. In this paper the authors have used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique for data compression. PCA can be efficiently used in wireless multimedia sensor network to reduce the energy consumption, reduce the network load and prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that PCA based compression conserves energy of sensor nodes and prolongs the lifetime of WMSN.

Simple data, such as temperature, humidity and luminary, gathered by nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), can hardly meet the growing needs for real-time information. The availability of low-cost hardware is enabling the development of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), i.e., networks of resource-constrained wireless devices that can retrieve multimedia content such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data from the environment. However, multi-function means complex design, effective hardware, robust protocol and many other considerations. Comparing some of those current mainstream WMSN test beds, limits and shortcomings can be easily found. In this paper, MR. Eye is designed. Nodes, within MR. Eye, built on OMAP3530, are capable of coping with video, images and other real-time information. Moreover, the load balanced airtime with energy awareness (LBA-EA) is applied in this system and nodes can be easily controlled by SNMP gateway. The last but not the least, real-time video data can be transmitted fluently in multi-hop scenarios.

Improvements in nanotechnology have introduced contemporary sensory devices that are capable of gathering multimedia data in form of images, audio and video. Wireless multimedia sensor networks handles such type of heterogeneous traffic. Since these networks are an emergent of wireless sensor networks, they inherit constraints that exist in these traditional networks. This paper is a survey of characteristics and requirements of wireless multimedia sensor networks and approaches to mitigating existing challenges in these networks. Further presents a review of recent research on multipath routing protocols and multi-channel media access protocols that offer quality of service assurances in handling multimedia data. The survey shows that there still exist bottlenecks in current routing solutions when applied to wireless multimedia sensor networks due to the nature of traffic involved as well as inherent characteristics, requirements and constraints. The findings are useful in the discovery of solutions to the challenges and issues. The authors further suggest approaches and plausible solutions to the problems in order to assist in the development of protocols that achieve quality of service in wireless multimedia sensor networks.