Turkish Version of the Escapism Motivation Scale: A Validation and Adaptation Study

The widespread use of digital technologies has significantly influenced individuals' cognitive processes and behavioral patterns. Alongside this change, the concept of digital amnesia, defined as the tendency to offload information onto digital devices, has emerged. This study aimed to adapt the Digital Amnesia Scale (DAS) to Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability in the Turkish cultural context. This methodological study was conducted between September 1, 2025, and October 30, 2025 with individuals aged 18 years and older. A total of 205 students who consented to participate formed the study sample. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Digital Addiction Scale, and the Digital Amnesia Scale. The scale's validity was assessed through content, construct, and criterion-related validity analyses, while reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Descriptive statistics, reliability analyses, correlation analyses, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed for statistical evaluation. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original three-factor structure of the scale was preserved. Unstandardized factor loadings ranged between 0.742 and 1.371, while standardized factor loadings ranged between 0.21 and 0.85. Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was 0.844, with subdimension values ranging from 0.713 to 0.864. Criterion-related validity analyses revealed a moderate, positive, and significant correlation between the Digital Amnesia Scale and the Digital Addiction Scale. The Turkish version of the Digital Amnesia Scale was found to be a valid and reliable measure in adult populations. The scale can be used in public health-based research to assess digital behaviors and cognitive health indicators.

This study aimed to translate the "Children with Cochlear Implant: Parental Perspectives (CCIPP)" scale into Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability. Parents of 378 children between the ages of 2 and 18, who had used cochlear implants for at least one year, filled out the Turkish version of the scale. The original scale was translated from English to Turkish. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the scale construct validity. For the evaluation of the scale reliability, internal consistency and test-retest reliability measures were evaluated with Cronbach's alpha (α) and correlation, respectively. The reliability coefficients of the dimensions are between 0.237 and 0.678. The test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.875 was obtained. As a result of factor analysis, ten sub-dimensions were determined, corresponding to the original ten domains defined in the CCIPP scale. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sample adequacy coefficient calculated in the sub-factor analysis was determined to be 0.850. The dimensions obtained according to the result of the Bartlett test in which the significance of the factor structures was tested (test value: 9596.996, degrees of freedom (df): 2628, p < 0.001) are structurally significant. CFA confirmed the accuracy of the ten-dimensional structures (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.901; Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.902; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.054). The Turkish version of the scale has good validity and reliability and can be used to examine parents' perspectives on cochlear implants.

The aim of the study is to develop a scale that could assess illness perception and reaction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study was conducted in patients who were admitted in the pulmonary disease departments of a public and a private hospital. The study included 271 COPD patients. The COPD Perception and Reaction Scale, consisting of 54 items, was prepared as a Likert-type 5-point rating scale. In the validity phase of the study, expert judgments were obtained for content validity, and explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were then performed. The reliability of the scale in terms of internal consistency was tested with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. According to the results of the EFA, the COPD Perception and Reaction Scale consists of 3 subdimensions and 23 items. Factors are termed behavioral reaction, emotional reaction, and spiritual reaction. According to the CFA, the goodness-of-fit indices obtained (χ2/df = (676.47/227) 2.98 and RMSEA = 0.056, NFI = 0.80, CFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.91, and AGFI = 0.85) suggest that the recommended model for the scale is acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.74; Cronbach's alpha values for the subdimensions were calculated as 0.87 for "emotional reaction," 0.76 for "behavioral reaction," and 0.79 for "spiritual reaction." The 23-item form of the COPD Illness Perception and Reaction Scale was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable scale for determining the perception and the reaction toward illness in COPD patients in Turkey.

Adaptation of Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy Toward Minor Surgery to Turkish

Introduction: Gender inequality and gender-based discrimination and violence undermine the opportunities and facilities of women and have negative effect on sexual and reproductive health behaviours. Given the importance of men’s role in establishing gender equality, awareness of men’s attitude towards gender equality is very important. However, there are no valid tools for measuring the attitude of men towards gender equality in Persian. Aim: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the validity and reliability of Persian version of Gender Equitable Men-Scale (GEM-Scale) in Male Students of Nursing and Midwifery school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Materials and Methods: This study was a methodological and validation study. A total of 232 male students of Nursing and Midwifery School of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected through census method. The data collection tool was Persian version of GEM-scale. Factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the tool and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to investigate the reliability of the tool. The analyses were conducted using LISREL software version 8.8 and SPSS version 20. Results: The fitting indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model showed that the fitting of the two-factor model was appropriate (CFI, GFI, AGFI near 1, RMSEA index less than 0.1, and c2 /df ratio less than 3). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole tool was obtained 0.79, showing that the internal reliability of the tool is also acceptable. Conclusion: The present study confirmed two-factor structure of the Persian version of GEM-scale, which includes inequitable gender norms subscale and equitable gender norms subscale. Therefore, this tool is suitable for assessing the attitude of men towards gender equality in Farsi-speaking men’s society.

Objectives: This study assesses the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Mig-SCog scale used to determine and monitor the cognitive functions of migraine patients during attacks. Methods: After completion of the translation process, for this validity and reliability study the Mig-SCog was administered to a total of 154 migraine patients (91 without aura, 32 with aura, and 31 chronic migraine patients) presenting to the Neurology Clinic of Istanbul Medipol University University. Internal consistency of the factors and the instrument as a whole were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and an alpha value &gt;0.60 was considered acceptable. Results: As in the original, the result of factor analysis found a good fit for a 4-factor structure of the Turkish version (KMO = 0.82 and Chi-square P = 0.409), and the factor structure was similar to the original. The factors of the instrument were evaluated as consistent (Cronbach's alpha &gt;0.60), and an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.8485 was calculated. Conclusions: The Mig-SCog showed sufficient validity and reliability to be used in Turkish society.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the 'Patient-Rated Ulnar Nerve Evaluation’(PRUNE-T) scale. Patients and Method: 51 patients diagnosed with cubital tunnel syndrome were included to this study. PRUNE scale was translated into Turkish by using cross-cultural adaptation process which can be used for the follow-up. All patients filled PRUNE-T, Q-DASH, SF-12 forms. HGS were measured. Two hours after the evaluation, the PRUNE-T scale was refilled. The internal consistency reliability of the scale and its subscales were examined by Cronbach Alpha coefficient. The reliability of the scale was evaluated with test-retest reliability method. The compliance validity of the scale was evaluated by examining its relationship with Q-DASH and SF-12. The construct validity was evaluated according to the variables of the HGS. The relationships between variables were evaluated by Spearman's rho coefficient. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.919 in the overall total reliability analysis of the PRUNE-T. In test-retest reliability, the correlation coefficient was 1 for the total score (p 0.05). There was significant correlation between Q-DASH score and SF-12 score with PRUNE-T (p

THU0637-HPR Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Turkish Version of Pedsql Multidimensional Fatigue Scale: A Fatique for Children and Adolesant S with Arthritis in Turkey

This study was conducted methodologically to determine the reliability and the validity of the Turkish version of the hemodialysis self-management scale in hemodialysis patients in Turkey. The study was conducted with 200 patients who received hemodialysis treatment between October 2022 and April 2023. Data were collected using a Patient Information Form and the Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument. To test the reliability of the scale, the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's Alpha, McDonald Omega, and test-retest reliability coefficients were calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the validity. Unlike the original version, the scale consisted of 11 items and 4 subscales and showed an acceptable fit. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.89; the McDonald Omega coefficient was 0.90. The hemodialysis self-management instrument is a reliable and valid scale in Turkey.

Psoriasis has been demonstrated to have substantial impacts on dermatology-related functional limitations and health-related quality of life (HRQL). This study evaluated the HRQL in Moroccan psoriatics using the Arabic version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and examined the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The Moroccan Arabic version of the DLQI was developed and approved by the author of the questionnaire. The DLQI was administered to inpatient and outpatient adult psoriatics. Some participants completed the DLQI for a second time. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Reliability of the DLQI was tested using Cronbach's coefficient alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Factor structure was tested by explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity was tested by known-groups comparison using the generalized linear model to assess factors influencing patients' HRQL. A total of 176 psoriatics completed the questionnaire. The mean age was 36 ± 14 years. The mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was 11.8 ± 7.9. The mean DLQI score was 12.7 ± 5.9 (the higher the score the greater the impairment of HRQL). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.84. ICC was 0.97. The principal component analysis confirmed the bidimensional structure of the questionnaire. Factors associated with poorer HRQL were higher PASI (P < 0.001), pustular and erythrodermal clinical forms (P < 0.001), and older age (P = 0.001). The Arabic version for Morocco of the DLQI is reliable and valid. Severity of the psoriasis, older age, and severe clinical forms influence the HRQL of patients.

Anorectal disorders, including fecal incontinence, are a significant healthcare problem that produce bothersome symptoms and adversely affect quality of life. We sought to establish the validity and reliability of a Turkish language version of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQOLS). Data were collected at the Fecal Incontinence-Constipation-Biofeedback Clinic, located in the Gastroenterology Department at Ege University School of Medicine Hospital in Izmir, Turkey. The study sample comprised patients with fecal incontinence who attended the clinical assessment and agreed to participate in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire form, the 29-item FIQOLS, and the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI), as well as the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to subjects. Both the FIQOLS and FISI were translated from English to Turkish by using a back-translation technique. Subjects initially completed the FIQOLS, FISI, and the SF-36 at baseline and again after a 2-week interval to allow test-retest reliability measurement. Internal consistency was also measured, using the Cronbach alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half coefficients. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using interclass correlation coefficient testing. The validity of FIQOLS with respect to the SF-36 and FISI was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Fifty subjects with fecal incontinence participated in the study; their mean age (SD) was 57.1 (+/-15.7) years. Almost two-thirds (66%) were female, and 38% did not complete primary school education. Test-retest reliability analysis revealed an intraclass correlation of r value higher than 0.70 (P < .05). The overall Cronbach alpha coefficient of instrument was .88; the Spearman-Brown split-half value was 0.84 for the first half of the tool and 0.76 for the second half. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for subfactors varied from .56 to .82. The FIQOLS score was found to have a statistically significant (P < .05) correlation with both the FISI and SF-36. These findings support the Turkish language version of the FIQOLS as a valid and reliable instrument.

AimTo cross‐culturally adapt and determine the preliminary psychometric properties of the English version of the LwLTC Scale in people living with long‐term conditions in the UK.DesignCross‐cultural adaptation and cross‐sectional study.MethodsForty‐nine patients with five long‐term conditions were included in the pilot study. Patients completed the English version of the LwLTC Scale and a bespoke questionnaire related to the scale. Feasibility/acceptability, internal consistency and construct validity were analysed.Results59.2% of participants were female, with an average age of 65.9 (SD = 12.30). Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged between 0.50 and 0.84. Content validity showed that the English version of the LwLTC Scale was useful even negative items were identified.ConclusionThese preliminary psychometric properties are satisfactory and promising. Further psychometric analyses are needed to verify them in a larger and more representative sample size during the main validation study, which is now in process.

Background/aimBody esteem (BE) is defined as the self-evaluation of one’s own body or appearance. The Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) consists of three subscales: BE-appearance, BE-weight, and BE-attribution. Though initially developed for adolescents and adults, the use of the scale has recently increased in health-related research on children. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BESAA for children.Materials and methodsThe participants in the study were 4th grade children (aged 9–10 years) in Ankara, Turkey. The validity of the scale was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, respectively.ResultsThe Turkish version of the BESAA for children includes BE-weight, BE-appearance, and BE-attribution subscales. The scale demonstrated good model fit statistics (chi-square/df = 3.41, P < 0.001) and good internal consistency for BE-weight (α = 0.85), BE-appearance (α = 0.76), and BE-attribution (α = 0.69). According to our findings, test-retest reliability of the three subscales was in the moderate/acceptable range for children (r = 0.57–0.68, P < 0.01).Conclusion The Turkish version of the BESAA can be used to measure BE in terms of appearance, weight, and attribution in children.

CBRN events can occur randomly or intentionally. Rapid and appropriate response to CBRN events can significantly mitigate the adverse effects on physical health and reduce mortality rates. The effectiveness of these responses largely depends on the preparedness of hospital emergency Clinical staff. This study was a mixed-methods research aiming to develop and validate a psychometric research instrument in 2025. Based on the review of the literature regarding CBRN events, the items were extracted, rewritten, and validated. In the quantitative phase, the validity of the questionnaire was evaluated in terms of face, content, and construct validity, and its reliability was evaluated based on internal consistency and stability (Cronbach's alpha and Interclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC]). The designed questionnaire included 6 dimensions and 65 items. The dimensions included (1) programs and guidelines, treatment of the injured; (2) exercise; (3) decontamination and waste management; (4) education and human resources; (5) prevention, coordination, and security; and (6) PPE. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were approved by the specialists and experts of hospital emergency and health in disasters and emergencies. The content validity ratio was >0.6 for all items. The content validity index was also approved for all items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and ICC were respectively 0.977 and 0.972 for the total questionnaire. Hospital Emergency Clinical Staff play a vital role in responding to CBRN events; therefore, policies, programs, coordination efforts, budgets, and other necessary measures are strongly recommended to increase ED clinical staff preparedness against CBRN events.

The current study tested the one-dimensionality of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Suicidal Ideation (CES-D-SI) and its reliability among high school students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A total of 1,462 tenth and eleventh-grade students from public and private schools completed the CES-D-SI. The students were between 13 and 17 years (M = 16.0, SD = 0.8), 60.3% were female, and 55.3% were in the tenth grade. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and the chi-square, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) statistics were calculated. The internal consistency of the dimension was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The results of the CFA were as follows: chi-square = 26.51, df =2, p = .001; RMSEA = .092; 90% confidence interval = .063-.124; CFI = .983; TLI = .950; and SRMR = .019. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .75, and McDonald's omega coefficient was .77. As conclusions, the scale exhibited a unidimensional structure similar to that in other studies and presented good reliability values. Hence, its use is recommended to screen suicidal ideation in school-aged adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia.