Uncertainty principle with quantum Fisher information

This paper investigates the evolution of global quantum discord (GQD) and quantum Fisher information (QFI) of the interaction of multiple two-level atomic systems (TLS) with a single thermal field mode and a non-linear Kerr medium (NLKM) considering the cases of intrinsic decoherence and its absence. Results indicate that increasing the number of atomic systems (N) while maintaining the NLKM parameter constant ? leads to higher GQD and QFI values for both intrinsic intrinsic decoherence cases. With rising ?, the GQD values decrease but the oscillation rate of the GQD increases. The presence of intrinsic decoherence does not significantly reduce the GQD quasi-static value compared to the no-decoherence scenario for certain ? values. At the same time, a different trend is observed for higher ? values. The average QFI value rises with reduced oscillation amplitudes for higher ? values and larger N subsystems. Unlike the GQD, higher ? values aid in maintaining average QFI in the presence of intrinsic decoherence. For moving TLS, changing ? does not alter the oscillation periods of the GQD and QFI. The GQD values decrease with increased ? in the moving system case, while the QFI improves with higher ? values. Additionally, higher average thermal photons within the system suppress the GQD and QFI values and decrease oscillation amplitudes for both quantifiers.

In an open quantum system, we study the evolution of a two-level atom as a detector which interacts with given environments. For a uniformly accelerated two-level atom coupled to a massless scalar field in the Minkowski vacuum, when it evolves for a certain time, we find that there exists a peak value for the quantum Fisher information (QFI) of acceleration, which indicates that the optimal precision of estimation is achieved when choosing an appropriate acceleration $a$. QFI has different behaviors for different initial state parameters $\theta$ of the atom, displaying periodicity. However, the periodicity fades away with the evolution of time, which means that the initial state cannot affect the later stable quantum state. Furthermore, adding a boundary, we observe that the peak value of QFI increases when the atom is close to the boundary, which shows that QFI is protected by the boundary. Here, QFI fluctuates, and there may exist two peak values with a certain moment, which expands the detection range of the acceleration. Therefore, we can enhance the estimation precision of acceleration by choosing an appropriate position and acceleration $a$. The periodicity of QFI with respect to the initial state parameter $\theta$ lasts a longer time than the previous unbounded case, which indicates that the initial state is protected by the boundary. Finally, for a thermal bath with a boundary, QFI of temperature has no more than one peak value with a certain moment, which is different from QFI of acceleration with a boundary. The periodicity also lasts a longer time than unbounded case, which shows the initial quantum state of the atom is protected by the boundary for two cases.

Entanglement is widely regarded as an essential resource for a number of tasks and can in some cases be quantified by figures of merit related to those tasks. In quantum metrology, this is showcased by the connections between the quantum Fisher information (QFI), providing a bound to the precision, and multipartite entanglement quantifiers such as the entanglement depth. However, a connection between the QFI and entanglement monotones, i.e., functions that do not increase under Local Operations and Classical Communications, has so far remained elusive. In this Letter, we fill this gap by introducing a family of uncertainty relations that bound bipartite entanglement monotones from below via elements of a quantum Fisher information matrix. To further emphasize the significance of our results, we connect these relations to the achievable precision in multiparameter estimation. Considering a system split into two parts with arbitrary dimension, we also show that, while two-dimensional entanglement is sufficient to estimate a single parameter with maximal precision, genuine high-dimensional entanglement is required for multiparameter estimation. We conclude by illustrating how our method extends naturally to a multipartite splitting.

Quantum entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information and quantum metrology. In quantum metrology, with a colossal amount of quantum Fisher information (QFI), entangled systems can be ameliorated to be a better resource scheme. However, noisy channels affect the QFI substantially. This research work seeks to investigate how QFI of N-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is affected when subjected to decoherence channels: bit-phase flip (BPF) and generalize amplitude damping (GAD) channels, which can be induced experimentally. We determine the evolution under these channels, deduce the eigenvalues, and then derive the QFI. We found that when there is no interaction with the environment, the Heisenberg limit can be achieved via rotations along the z direction. It has been shown that in BPF channel, the maximal mean QFI of the N-qubit GHZ state ({bar{F}}_{max}) dwindles as decoherence rate (pB) increases due to flow of information from the system to the environment, until pB = 0.5, then revives to form a symmetric around pB = 0.5. Thus, pB > 0.5 leads to a situation where more noise yields more efficiency. We found that in GAD channel, at finite temperature, QFIs decay more rapidly than at zero temperature. Our results also reveal that QFI can be enhanced by adjusting the temperature of the environment.

Quantum Fisher information (QFI) and geometric phase have recently performed different tasks in quantum information technology. We investigate the statistical quantities as the QFI and entanglement of a three‐level atom in Λ configuration interacting with a quantized field mode by using linear entropy. We study the dynamical behavior of the geometric phase based on the engineering of a three‐level atomic configuration. We analyze the effect of energy dissipation of the dynamical properties of the geometric phase and the QFI as an entanglement quantifier between the three‐level atom and field. We explore the correlation between the engineering geometric phase and QFI in the absence and presence of energy dissipation effect. We have found that the QFI is very sensitive to the effect of the time‐dependent coupling and energy dissipation.

In estimating an unknown parameter of a quantum state the quantum Fisher information (QFI) is a pivotal quantity, which depends on the state and its derivate with respect to the unknown parameter. We prove the continuity property for the QFI in the sense that two close states with close first derivatives have close QFIs. This property is completely general and irrespective of dynamics or how states acquire their parameter dependence and also the form of parameter dependence---indeed this continuity is basically a feature of the classical Fisher information that in the case of the QFI naturally carries over from the manifold of probability distributions onto the manifold of density matrices. We demonstrate that in the special case where the dependence of the states on the unknown parameter comes from one dynamical map (quantum channel), the continuity holds in its reduced form with respect to the initial states. In addition, we show that when one initial state evolves through two different quantum channels, the continuity relation applies in its general form. A situation in which such scenario can occur is an open-system metrology where one of the maps represents the ideal dynamics whereas the other map represents the real (noisy) dynamics. In the making of our main result, we also introduce a regularized representation for the symmetric logarithmic derivative which works for general states even with incomplete rank, and its features continuity similarly to the QFI.

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the coupling constant $\ensuremath{\theta}$ of a mixing quantum Markov chain. For a repeated measurement on the chain's output we show that the outcomes' time average has an asymptotically normal (Gaussian) distribution, and we give the explicit expressions of its mean and variance. In particular, we obtain a simple estimator of $\ensuremath{\theta}$ whose classical Fisher information can be optimized over different choices of measured observables. We then show that the quantum state of the output together with the system is itself asymptotically Gaussian and compute its quantum Fisher information, which sets an absolute bound to the estimation error. The classical and quantum Fisher information are compared in a simple example. In the vicinity of $\ensuremath{\theta}=0$ we find that the quantum Fisher information has a quadratic rather than linear scaling in output size, and asymptotically the Fisher information is localized in the system, while the output is independent of the parameter.

The quantum Fisher information in phase estimation is investigated for a qubit which is placed under the influence of a non-Markovian environment. The multi-mode Jaynes---Cummings model which has at least one excitation is used as a qubit-environment model. It is examined how initial correlation between the qubit and the environment affects time evolution of the quantum Fisher information. Although information on the phase parameter is included only in off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix of the qubit in the absence of the initial correlation, it is included not only in off-diagonal elements but also in diagonal elements in the presence of the initial correlation. This implies that the quantum Fisher information is greatly affected by the initial correlation. In particular, when the time evolution of the reduced density operator of the qubit is non-Markovian, the quantum Fisher information can take values greater than its initial value due to the initial correlation.

For a quantum state and a set of observables, we can construct an associated covariance matrix and a natural quantum Fisher information matrix. These two matrices characterize the uncertainty and information content of the observables in the relevant state. An inequality between these two matrices is established. This inequality may be interpreted as a general quantification of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle from a statistical estimation perspective. In particular, it implies a new uncertainty relation which refines the celebrated Schrödinger uncertainty relation.

We used quantum Fisher information (QFI) to distinguish quantum chaotic and regular dynamics in Dicke model. The QFI, which reflects the geometric properties of a state in parameter space, characterizes the sensitivity of the state with respect to SU(2) rotations. With numerical computation we found that, quantum dynamics in chaotic and regular cases are well distinguished by QFI, especially in the long-time evolution, where the QFI in the chaotic situation is evidently larger than that in regular one, i.e. the chaotic nature enhances the sensitivity of the system, as expected usually. We also plotted the time-averaged QFI in phase space, and found a good quantum-classical correspondence.

Motivated by recent efforts in simulating nonequilibrium scenarios of the Dicke model in quantum-gas cavity QED, we investigate direct probing of the normal-to-superradiant quantum phase transition via Quantum Fisher Information (QFI). This transition represents a paradigmatic example of spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum optics, where the system’s Z2 symmetry is broken in the superradiant phase. At zero temperature, we derive analytical expressions for the QFI in the limit where the atomic transition frequency—scaled by the cavity frequency—tends to infinity. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of finite temperature on the QFI in both the thermodynamic limit and the regime of a finite but large number of atoms. All results demonstrate that the QFI exhibits a singularity as the coupling crosses the critical point—a clear signature of quantum criticality associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking. The divergent behavior of the QFI across the quantum phase transition directly relates to measuring dynamic susceptibilities using experimentally accessible Bragg spectroscopy tools and resources.

The quantum Fisher information, the quantum analog of the classical Fisher information, is a central quantity in quantum metrology and quantum sensing due to its connection to parameter estimation and fidelity susceptibility. Using numerically exact methods applied to a paradigmatic open quantum system, the spin-boson model, we calculate both static and dynamical quantum Fisher information matrix elements with respect to spin-bath couplings and magnetic field strengths. As the spin-bath interaction increases, we first show that the coupling-coupling matrix elements relative to the ground state of the Hamiltonian are linked to the entanglement growth and signal the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum phase transition through their nonmonotonic behavior. We also point out that the static quantum Fisher information exhibits a nonperturbative behavior in the zero-coupling limit, which we justify with an analytic argument. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the time-dependent matrix elements can reveal non-Markovian effects as well as the transition from the coherent to incoherent regime at the Toulouse point, remaining robust under pure dephasing noise. Nonmonotonic signatures of the quantum Fisher information matrix reflect changes in quantum resources such as entanglement and coherence, quantify non-Markovian behavior, and enable criticality-enhanced quantum sensing, thereby shedding light on key features of open quantum systems.

In this paper, we study the Fisher information for a quantum system consisting of two identical qubits, each of them locally interacting with a bosonic reservoir in the same environment for non-Markovian open, dissipative quantum system. Based on the influx of the information, we propose an information-theoretical approach for characterizing the time-dependent memory effect of environment and diffusion function under the effect of the physical parameters. More precisely, an interesting monotonic relation between the time derivative of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and diffusion function behavior is observed during the time evolution. The phenomenon is that the QFI, namely the precision of estimation, changes dramatically with the environment structure. The dependence of the physical parameters shows that the increasing in the temperature will damage the amount of the QFI with respect of the ratio between the reservoir cutoff frequency and the system oscillation frequency.

We investigate spin squeezing and quantum Fisher information in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. Approximate analytical expressions and the numerical analysis of spin squeezing and quantum Fisher information are derived. Spin squeezing and quantum Fisher information depend on the strength of the external transverse magnetic field and the anisotropic parameter

We demonstrate that quantum Fisher information and superradiance can be formulated as coherence measures in accordance with the resource theory of coherence, thus establishing a direct link between metrological information, superradiance and coherence. We also show that the trivial coherence measure has a metrological interpretation. The arguments are then generalized to show that coherence may be considered as the underlying fundamental resource for any functional of state that is first of all faithful, and second of all concave or linear. Arguments are then presented that show quantum Fisher information and the superradiant quantity are in fact antithetical resources in the sense that if coherence were directed to saturate one quantity, then it must come at the expense of the other. Finally, a key result of the paper is to demonstrate that coherence, quantum Fisher information, superradiant quantity, and entanglement are mutually interconvertible resources under incoherent operations.