Underwater EMR without submucosal injection: Is less more?

Are We Ready to Embrace Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection as the Organ-Sparing, Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgical Procedure of Choice for Large Colorectal Adenomas and Early Cancers?

Polypectomy devices

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: Not Your Father's Polypectomy Anymore

Underwater EMR of a colonic adenoma surrounded by diverticula

Underwater or conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for intermediate‐sized colorectal neoplasm?

Barrett's esophagus: should we burn it all?

Hybrid argon plasma coagulation after endoscopic mucosal resection—some caveats in the comparison with snare tip soft coagulation

Post-endoscopy Esophageal Neoplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus: Consensus Statements From an International Expert Panel

Sky blue or murky waters: The diagnostic utility of methylene blue

Endoscopic Therapy for Barrett's Esophagus

We have reconstituted human mitochondrial transcription in vitro on DNA oligonucleotide templates representing the light strand and heavy strand-1 promoters using protein components (RNA polymerase and transcription factors A and B2) isolated from Escherichia coli. We show that 1 eq of each transcription factor and polymerase relative to the promoter is required to assemble a functional initiation complex. The light strand promoter is at least 2-fold more efficient than the heavy strand-1 promoter, but this difference cannot be explained solely by the differences in the interaction of the transcription machinery with the different promoters. In both cases, the rate-limiting step for production of the first phosphodiester bond is open complex formation. Open complex formation requires both transcription factors; however, steps immediately thereafter only require transcription factor B2. The concentration of nucleotide required for production of the first dinucleotide product is substantially higher than that required for subsequent cycles of nucleotide addition. In vitro, promoter-specific differences in post-initiation control of transcription exist, as well as a second rate-limiting step that controls conversion of the transcription initiation complex into a transcription elongation complex. Rate-limiting steps of the biochemical pathways are often those that are targeted for regulation. Like the more complex multisubunit transcription systems, multiple steps may exist for control of transcription in human mitochondria. The tools and mechanistic framework presented here will facilitate not only the discovery of mechanisms regulating human mitochondrial transcription but also interrogation of the structure, function, and mechanism of the complexes that are regulated during human mitochondrial transcription.

Esophageal chromoendoscopy in Barrett's esophagus: “cons”

Electrocardiographic features of patients with COVID-19: One year of unexpected manifestations

The nonlifting sign and forceps biopsy

Impaired Autophagy Triggers Chronic Pancreatitis: Lessons From Pancreas-Specific Atg5 Knockout Mice