Underwater Target Localization Method Based on Uniform Linear Electrode Array

A focusing MUSIC algorithm for baseline-free Lamb wave damage localization

In automotive millimeter-wave (MMW) radar systems, achieving high-precision direction of arrival (DOA) estimation with a limited number of array elements is a crucial research focus. Compressive sensing (CS) techniques have been demonstrated to offer superior performance in DOA estimation compared to spectral estimation methods. However, traditional CS methods suffer from an off-grid effect, which causes their reconstruction results to deviate from the actual positions of the signal sources, thereby reducing the accuracy. Currently, as a gridless method, atomic norm minimization (ANM) has shown effectiveness in DOA estimation for uniform linear arrays (ULAs). However, the performance of ANM is suboptimal in non-uniform linear arrays (NULAs), and their computational efficiency is not satisfactory. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for DOA estimation in NULA, drawing inspiration from the alternating descent conditional gradient algorithm framework. First, we construct an atomic set based on the observation scene and select the atoms with the highest correlation to the residuals as potential signal sources for global estimation. Then, we construct a mapping function for the signal sources in the continuous domain and perform conditional gradient descent in the neighborhood of each signal source, addressing the bias introduced by the off-grid effect. We compared the proposed algorithm with ANM, Iterative Shrinkage Thresholding (IST), and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithms. Simulation experiments validate that the proposed algorithm effectively addresses the off-grid effect and is applicable to DOA estimation in coprime and random arrays. Furthermore, real data experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

gold-MUSIC based DOA estimation using ULA antenna of DS-CDMA sources with propagation delay diversity

This study presents a subspace-based tracking algorithm called Bingham filter using the outputs of a sensor array. Given n sensors in the sensor array with spatially and temporally white Gaussian noise in the outputs of the array, the Bingham filter estimates the signal subspaces generated by the targets based on the phased array observations, a priori information and previous estimates. Assuming the complex Bingham distribution as the probability distribution of the target subspace, the authors propose a closed-form solution to the problem of updating the predicted subspace using the phased array observations. Furthermore, the authors offer a closed-form solution for the prediction step of the tracking algorithm based on the relation between the complex Bingham distribution parameters and its covariance matrix. Combining these two steps, a new subspace tracking algorithm is derived that is similar to the Kalman filter. The algorithm is applied to track underwater targets and its efficiency is investigated using simulated phased array observations. Simulation results show that compared with the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm alone, the combination of the Bingham filter and MUSIC algorithm has better performance in low SNR scenarios.

To detect inter-harmonics with low amplitude near to harmonics with high amplitude under white noise condition with short-duration data, a method based on interpolation FFT algorithm and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm is presented in the paper. Firstly, the primary frequency components of signal are extracted from sampled signal by interpolation FFT Algorithm with Hanning window. Residual signal is derived by subtracting the main frequency components of signal from sampled signal. Secondly, the frequency components of residual signal are detected by MUSIC Algorithm. The primary frequency in the first step and the residual frequency in the second step are considered as the whole frequency components of sampled signal. Lastly, the corresponding amplitude and angle of each frequency is detected by least square method. Simulation result show that the proposed method can detect inter-harmonics near the integer harmonics under noise with short data and the estimated result for parameters of frequency and amplitude can meet the need of measuring accuracy.

The rapid progress in miniaturization and integration of micro-structured devices such as integrated circuits has recently increased the demand for a high resolution diagnosis tool. To meet this need, we have developed a highly resolvable fault locator named 3D Laser Microvision, which can nondestructively see through objects with high accuracy. This system is essentially a laser radar that works in a frequency domain rather than a time domain. Instead of sending a narrow pulse into an object, the wavelength of the laser is step-wisely changed ranging from 1.5 /spl mu/m to 1.6 /spl mu/m. At each step, the amplitude and phase of the reflected light from the object are measured and stored in a computer. The inner structure of the object, that is, where refractive indices vary abruptly, is reconstructed by processing these stored data. When a fast Fourier transform is used as the signal processing method, the spatial resolution is 12 /spl mu/m which is limited by the wavelength scanning range. We propose an improved adaptive spatial smoothing technique in the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to overcome this limitation and verify its superior performance compared with the conventional MUSIC algorithm by numerical simulation.

In this paper, we formulate and experimentally demonstrate direction of arrival (DoA) estimation with a two-port composite right/left handed (CRLH) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The CRLH LWA consists of a cascade of metamaterial unit cells, periodically modulated using varactor diodes. By changing the voltages across series and shunt varactors, the antenna is able to uniformly steer its radiation pattern. The proposed modified MUSIC algorithm, uses both antenna's input ports to estimate the DoA. Conventionally, the MUSIC algorithm needs to calculate the correlation matrix from the output vector of an array of antenna elements. In this work, we show in detail how the correlation matrix can be computed when using leaky-wave antennas. The algorithm is demonstrated using LWA in an anechoic chamber and the estimated DoA results are in good agreement with the predicted angles.

§This paper presents results obtained as part of a “proof of concept” program being carried out at the University of Nevada, Reno and the NASA Glenn Research Center. The purpose of this program is to determine the feasibility of using passive acoustic methods to determine the performance of jet engines and/or turbines. Data were recorded from six (6) acoustic transducers (microphones) mounted on a combustor ring and installed on a High Pressure Burner Rig (HPBR) located at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The HPBR was operated over several hours using a prescribed “duty cycle” of different fuel/air mixtures. Time frequency signal processing of the data showed that passive acoustic methods could be used to determine fuel/air ratios. These results have been reported in a previous paper. This paper presents additional results obtained by applying other signal processing techniques to the same data set. Correlation techniques and a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm were applied to the data from each of the microphones. The MUSIC algorithm provided pseudospectrum estimates of the signals by performing eigenspace analysis of the signal’s correlation matrix. The MUSIC algorithm was particularly suited to this data since it is narrow band and has dominant frequencies. Preliminary results presented in this paper indicate that this approach may lead to the ability to generate isothermal maps of a crosssection of a combustor.

We note that the cost function of the MUSIC (multiple signal classification) algorithm is quadratic in an array vector and that it can be expressed in a least squares form. Based on this observation, we present a rigorous Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) formulation of the MUSIC algorithm for simultaneous estimation of an azimuth and an elevation. We show a convergence property and compare the performance of the LM-based MUSIC algorithm with that of the standard MUSIC algorithm via Monte-Carlo simulation. We also compare the performance of the MUSIC algorithm with that of the Capon algorithm both for the standard implementation and for the LM-based implementation.

To reduce the impact of shaft-rate electric field (SRE) on the concealment of the ship, the SRE related ship electrical equivalent model is established, and the electrical properties are studied based on the analysis of the mechanism of SRE of the ship in this paper. The ship SRE real-time suppression is proposed based on the compensated negative potential and the real-time close-loop system for the ship SRE suppression is designed. The extremely low frequency electric field strength is reduced greatly, and the shaft-rate and its harmonics field are eliminated ultimately. Experimental results show that the ship SRE can be suppressed effectively by the system, and the concealment of the ship is enhanced.

Two techniques are proposed to alleviate the computational burden of MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm applied to Electroencephalogram (EEG) source localization. A significant reduction was achieved by parsing the cortex surface into smaller regions and nominating only a few regions for the exhaustive search inherent in the MUSIC algorithm. The nomination procedure involves a dictionary learning phase in which each region is assigned an atom matrix. Moreover, a dimensionality reduction step provided by excluding some of the electrodes is designed such that the Cramer-Rao bound of localization is maintained. It is shown by simulation that computational complexity of the MUSIC-based localization can be reduced up to 80%.

This paper investigates the passive radar imaging system which exploits digital video broadcasting (DVB) satellites as opportunity illuminators. Firstly, we establish the imaging model and then analyze the imaging performance in the wavenumber domain. Because of the practical limitations, we are likely to get an undersampled wavenumber domain coverage so that traditional imaging methods such as matched filter (MF) would fail to provide good imaging performance. Therefore, we consider to use the sparse recovery techniques to achieve good inversion results. However, the compressive sensing (CS) imaging methods would be severely affected when off-grid scatterers exist. According to the theories of the Xampling and the finite rate of innovation (FRI), we propose a high-resolution sparse imaging method to overcome the problems above, which is based on the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Blade tip timing (BTT) is a core technique for investigating the blade vibration of large-scale centrifugal compressors, and identifying the parameters of blade asynchronous vibration is crucial for implementing blade condition monitoring based on the BTT technique. In this study, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm and the estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm were first applied separately to identify the asynchronous vibration parameters of centrifugal compressor blades, with their advantages and disadvantages discussed. Subsequently, based on the frequency distribution characteristics in the ESPRIT results, the concept of “frequency distribution rate” was proposed. Finally, the results of the MUSIC algorithm were weighted by the frequency distribution rate, and an improved MUSIC algorithm was proposed. This enhanced confidence in the real frequency in the MUSIC algorithm results. Compared with the strain gauge method, the maximum relative error of the improved algorithm is 0.23%. The improved MUSIC algorithm improves the accuracy of parameter identification for blade asynchronous vibration, which holds great significance for the industrial application of the BTT technique.

This paper investigates the estimation of low-rank multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels in millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. Hybrid MIMO transceivers equipped with uniform linear arrays (ULAs) and phase shifter networks are considered. We propose a novel three-stage channel estimator by exploiting the low-rankness of the channel matrix and knowledge of the array response: We first obtain a low-rank estimate of the channel matrix using inductive matrix completion (IMC); then estimate the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) for the propagation paths by solving two one-dimensional spectrum estimation problems using Toeplitz rectification and the root multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm; and finally pair the AoAs and AoDs and estimate the channel gains by solving a sparse recovery problem. Each stage is implemented at a low complexity and thus the overall complexity is kept low. A priori knowledge about the channel is exploited progressively to enhance the performance. The simulation results suggest significant gains in the channel estimation performance along with sparse representations of the estimated channel.

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of narrowband wavefronts impinging on an array of sensors has long been of great research interest. In this paper, it is shown that for a uniform linear array (ULA), discrete Fourier transform (DFT) domain-based DOA estimation rely on knowledge of the power spectral density (PSD). We present a novel approach for signal tracking, which updates the signal PSD for each DFT coefficient in the presence of both signal and noise. This method is based on the eigenvalue decomposition of correlation matrices that are constructed from snapshots of time series of array sensors. The presented method is very well capable of estimating more than five signals from different spatial directions. In comparison to the well-known multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithms the proposed method reduces the estimation error between the estimated and the true signal direction.