Unequal-Error-Correcting-Capability-Aware Iterative Receiver for (Parallel) Turbo-Coded Communications

An iterative detection and decoding (IDD) receiver which combines a soft-input soft-output (SISO) detector and a SISO double binary (DB) turbo decoder improves the bit-error rate performance. However, the amount of the extrinsic information sent from the DB turbo decoder to the detector is much different from the amount of the extrinsic information sent from the detector to the decoder. Herein, a parity-enhanced DB turbo decoder is designed to provide the bit-level extrinsic information of systematic and parity bits for the WiMAX-based turbo-coded IDD receiver. Compared to the conventional turbo decoder, the proposed decoder achieves ~0.3 dB coding gain with a 6.06% area overhead.

This paper compares a number of decision feedback schemes that improve the initial channel estimates provided by the pilot symbols alone. The decision feedback scheme that feeds back the systematic bits achieves about the same performance as feeding back both the systematic and parity bits at the low fading rate. Its performance is slightly degraded at the higher fading rate. The advantage of this scheme is its lower complexity as the LLRs of the systematic bits are readily available in the turbo decoding process. Soft decision feedback does not always provide large improvement in performance. Noticeable gain in performance using soft decision feedback is seen only when the bits to be fed back are not reliable during the first few iterations.

This paper proposes a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) architecture with joint list-based detection with soft interference cancellation (soft-IC) and access points (APs) selection. In particular, we derive a new closed-form expression for the minimum mean-square error receive filter while taking the uplink transmit powers and APs selection into account. This is achieved by optimizing the receive combining vector by minimizing the mean square error between the detected symbol estimate and transmitted symbol, after canceling the multi-user interference (MUI). By using low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, an iterative detection and decoding (IDD) scheme based on a message passing is devised. In order to perform joint detection at the central processing unit (CPU), the access points locally estimate the channel and send their received sample data to the CPU via the front haul links. In order to enhance the system's bit error rate performance, the detected symbols are iteratively exchanged between the joint detector and the LDPC decoder in log likelihood ratio form. Furthermore, we draw insights into the derived detector as the number of IDD iterations increase. Finally, the proposed list detector is compared with existing detection techniques.

The presence of home LAN constitutes a major impairment to reliable transmission in the VDSL environment. A low complex iterative soft interference cancellation and decoding technique to mitigate the effect of home-LAN on VDSL is presented. To perform soft interference cancellation, VDSL and home-LAN signals are jointly detected using a soft in soft out multiuser receiver which consists of a soft interference canceler and demodulator combined with a set of turbo decoders. The soft interference canceller uses the a priori probabilities to perform interference cancellation. The turbo decoder produces the a posteriori probabilities which are fed back to the soft interference canceller and demodulator as a priori probabilities.

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) was proposed by 3GPP in Release 13 to provide low power wide area connections to a high-volume of devices. With the millions of devices expected to connect to 5G through its massive machine-type communication use case, the strict orthogonality and synchronization requirement of cyclic-prefix orthogonal division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) will demand a very large amount of control information between devices and the core network. To overcome this challenge, we study a new air interface for NB-IoT, which utilizes a non-orthogonal multicarrier transmission scheme. The waveform considered in this work is filter-bank muilticarrier with quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC-QAM). The loss of orthogonality in FBMC-QAM results in severe levels of intrinsic interference. Iterative detection and decoding (IDD) using low density parity check (LDPC) encoding and decoding is implemented together with iterative interference cancellation (IIC) to remove the inherent interference and improve the BER rate performance. Simulation results indicate that the proposed IDD receiver can effectively improve BER performance under time-varying channels.

An Iterative Detection and Decoding (IDD) scheme in a high-order Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless communication system requires a heavy computational complexity for an outstanding Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in a given Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environment. A new computational complexity reducing IDD scheme designed with optimum parameters is proposed in this paper to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) without the loss of BER performance. There are three parameters to control the trade-off between computational complexity and BER performance of an IDD scheme: a candidate list size of Dynamic List Sphere Detector (D-LSD), a number of intra-iteration of Turbo decoder, and a number of IDD iteration. A complexity reduction of about 70 % is demonstrated in this study, when the target BER is around 1.0×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(-4)</sup> at E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> =7dB in the case of a 4 x 4 MIMO system with 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).

We consider the uplink of massive MIMO systems with one-bit quantization and propose an iterative detection and decoding (IDD) receiver based on a factor graph representation and the sum-product algorithm. We derive the relevant sum-product messages, introduce Gaussian approximations to control computational complexity, and describe the message schedule. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the BLER performance of our receiver is comparable to the state of the art, even though our method has much lower complexity – quadratic rather than exponential in the number of users – and hence scales well to large system configurations. We show that a proper scheduling of the decoding iterations substantially improves the error rate performance without increasing the computational complexity. In particular, we find that it is not beneficial to schedule the majority of decoding iterations in the initial detection iterations.

This paper proposes an iterative detection and decoding (IDD) scheme with a blind channel estimator in the physical layer of long range widearea network (LoRaWAN). The proposed scheme exchanges log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) as soft decision values between the LoRa demodulator and the Hamming decoder to improve the signal detection capability while obtaining the iterative gain. In the typical LoRa demodulation using hard decision without IDD, the received signal is detected by the binary values, i.e. "0" or "1"; and thus, the demodulation and decoding processes are simplified. However, the resulting rounding error occurs the mutual information loss, leading to non-negligible performance degradation. In order to cope with this issue, it is vital to capture the stochastic behavior of the input and output values of the demodulator and decoder. The LLR based on the stochastic signal model enables to improve the error correction capability of the decoder and enhance the iterative gain. Finally, computer simulation results explicitly demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance.

Various OSIC MIMO detectors are considered suboptimal in terms of performance and complexity, however suffers from error propagation. QR-LRL is considered to be most effective to mitigate error performance as it detects the least reliable layer(LRL) symbol first. It achieves hard ML performance, but suffers from empty vector set(EVS) problem for soft output generation. Some of the previous work mitigates this problem effectively and achieves soft ML performance at the cost of complexity. QR-LRL based IDD(Iterative Detection and Decoding) is an alternative solution, which exchanges the extrinsic information between detector and decoder. Based on feed back knowledge from decoder, decision is made to update candidate vector set for soft output generation. Simulation results shows that significant performance improvement is achieved while keeping the receiver design simple.

In this paper, we present a low-complexity list sphere search algorithm for achieving near-optimal a posteriori probability (APP) detection in iterative detection and decoding (IDD). Motivated by the fact that the list sphere decoding searching a fixed number of lattice points is inefficient in many scenarios, we design a criterion to search lattice points with non-vanishing likelihood and derive the optimal sphere radius satisfying this requirement. Further, in order to exploit the sphere constraint as it is instead of using necessary conditioned versions, we incorporate a probabilistic tree pruning strategy into the list sphere search. Through simulations on realistic IDD systems, we show that the proposed method provides considerable complexity savings while maintaining near-optimal performance.

An iterative QR-based soft feedback segment interference cancellation (QRSFSIC) detection and decoder algorithm for a Reed–Muller (RM) space-time turbo system is proposed in this paper. It forms the sufficient statistic for the minimum-mean-square error (MMSE) estimate according to QR decomposition-based soft feedback successive interference cancellation, stemmed from the a priori log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of encoded bits. Then, the signal originating from the symbols of the reliable segment, the symbol reliability metric, in terms of an a posteriori LLR of encoded bits which is larger than a certain threshold, is iteratively cancelled with the QRSFSIC in order to further obtain the residual signal for evaluating the symbols in the unreliable segment. This is done until the unreliable segment is empty, resulting in the extrinsic information for a RM turbo-coded bit with the greatest likelihood. Bridged by de-multiplexing and multiplexing, an iterative QRSFSIC detection is concatenated with an iterative trellis-based maximum a posteriori probability RM turbo decoder as if a principal Turbo detection and decoder is embedded with an iterative subordinate QRSFSIC detection and a RM turbo decoder, exchanging each other’s detection and decoding soft-decision information iteratively. These three stages let the proposed algorithm approach the upper bound of the diversity. The simulation results also show that the proposed scheme outperforms the other suboptimum detectors considered in this paper.

An iterative receiver structure is proposed for decoding multiuser information data in a turbo-coded DS-CDMA system. The receiver performs two successive soft-output decisions, achieved by a soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detector and a bank of single-user SISO channel decoders, through an iterative process. At each iteration, extrinsic information is extracted from detection and decoding stages and is then used as a priori information in the next iteration, just as in turbo decoding. A low-complexity SISO multiuser detector is developed based on a novel nonlinear interference suppression technique, which makes use of both soft-interference cancellation and instantaneous linear MMSE filtering. Turbo multiuser detectors for both the simple synchronous CDMA channels and the more complex asynchronous multipath CDMA channels are developed.

Channel coding and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are two key technologies in the modern communication system. For MIMO detection, the expectation propagation (EP) detector has been proved to outperform classical and advanced solutions. Merging with the parity constraints of channel coding, a novel EP detection with linear programming (LP), named EPLP, is proposed to change the common initialization that the symbols are equiprobable by formulating an LP optimization problem. Furthermore, we apply the EPLP detector to a polar-coded MIMO system with an iterative detection and decoding (IDD) scheme. For a (128, 64) polar-coded 16 × 16 QPSK configuration, the EPLP outperforms the state-of-the-art detectors by 1 dB at the bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and the IDD scheme with the EPLP achieves 0.5 dB gain at the frame error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> with a reduced number of EP iterations.

The number of transmit and receive antennas in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems is increasing rapidly to enhance the throughput and reliability of next-generation wireless systems. Benefits of large size MIMO systems, however, can be realized only when the quality of estimated channels is ensured at the transmitter and receiver side alike. In this paper, we introduce a new decision-directed channel estimation technique dealing with pilot shortage in the MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed channel estimator uses soft symbol decisions obtained by iterative detection and decoding (IDD) scheme to enhance the quality of channel estimate. Using the soft information from the decoders, the proposed channel estimator selects reliable data tones, subtracts interstream interferences, and performs re-estimation of the channels. We analyze the optimal data tone selection criterion, which accounts for the reliability of symbol decisions and correlation of channels between the data tones and pilot tones. From numerical simulations, we show that the proposed channel estimator achieves considerable improvement in system performance over the conventional channel estimators in realistic MIMO-OFDM scenarios.

For iterative detection and decoding (IDD) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of each coded bit can be found by an optimal bit-wise maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detector. However, since this MAP detector requires a prohibitively high computational complexity, low-complexity suboptimal detectors are desirable. In this paper, lattice reduction (LR)-based MIMO detection is investigated to derive a low-complexity detector that can achieve near MAP performance for IDD. In order to approximate LLR values incorporating the extrinsic information provided by a soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoder, bit-wise LR-based minimum mean square error (MMSE) filters are derived. Furthermore, in order to minimize the performance degradation due to quantization (or rounding) errors in the LR-based detection, a low-complexity integer perturbed list generation method is proposed, where no tree search is used by taking advantage of a near orthogonal channel basis obtained by LR. Through a complexity analysis and simulations, it is shown that the proposed approach achieves near optimal performance, while the complexity is comparable with that of the MMSE soft cancellation method, which is known to be computationally efficient. As a bit-wise detector, a parallel implementation of the proposed method would be straightforward, which lowers the detection delay.