Unifying rules for simplified information processing during actions – less is more

Clinical reasoning assessment is an essential component of determining a health professional’s competence. Clinical reasoning cannot be assessed directly. It must be gleaned from a health professional’s choices and decisions. Clinical knowledge and knowledge organization, rather than a general problem solving process, serve as the substrate for clinical reasoning ability. Unfortunately, the lack of a gold standard for the clinical reasoning process and the observation of context specificity make it difficult to assess clinical reasoning. Information processing theory, which focuses on the way the brain processes and organizes knowledge, has provided valuable insights into the cognitive psychology of diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning but failed to explain the variance in health professional’s diagnostic performance. Situativity theory has emerged suggesting that this variance relates to context-specific factors that impact a health professional’s clinical reasoning performance. Both information processing and situativity theory inform the way in which we assess clinical reasoning. Current assessment methods focus on standardized testing of knowledge to maximize psychometric parameters and work-based assessments which evaluate clinical reasoning under authentic, uncertain conditions that can decrease the reliability of these measurements. Issues of inter-rater reliability and context specificity require that multiple raters assess multiple encounters in multiple contexts to optimize validity and reliability. No single assessment method can assess all aspects of clinical reasoning; therefore, in order to improve the quality of assessments of clinical reasoning ability, different combinations of methods that measure different components of the clinical reasoning process are needed.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of cross-functional coordination (cross-functional system, process and team coordination) on customer coordination (customer strategic and operational coordination) and operational performance. Following the lens of information processing theory (IPT), this study examines the diverse mechanisms of cross-functional coordination practices in enhancing firms’ information processing capabilities (IPCs) to cope with the higher information processing demands resulting from customer coordination, finally improving operational performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 410 Chinese manufacturers, the authors use the structural equation modeling method to test the theoretical model.FindingsThe authors found that cross-functional system coordination is positively associated with customer operational coordination (COC) but not customer strategic coordination (CSC). Cross-functional process coordination increases both customer strategic and operational coordination. Cross-functional team coordination significantly promotes CSC but not COC. Both customer operational and strategic coordination facilitate operational performance.Originality/valueThis research pioneers in identifying three dimensions of cross-functional coordination based on IPT and examine their distinct impacts on various customer coordination activities. The authors distinguish two customer coordination dimensions and reveal their effects on operational performance. This research contributes to the development of IPT. Additionally, this study provides guidelines for managers to coordinate internal departments and collaborate with external customers to enhance firms’ operational performance.

Graduate student cognition during information retrieval using the World Wide Web: a pilot study

The convenience of mobile devices has driven the widespread use of voice technology in mobile health communication, significantly improving the timeliness of online service. However, the issue of listening to therapeutic content, which requires great cognitive effort and may exceed the patient’s information processing capacity (i.e., information overload), is of concern. Based on information processing theory, this study reports how online physicians’ voice characteristics (pitch range and filled pauses) affect patient satisfaction. We obtained 10,585 mobile voice consultation records of 1,416 doctors from China’s largest mHealth platform and analyzed them using audio mining and empirical methods. Results showed that pitch range (β = 0.0539, p < .01) and filled pauses (β = 0.0365, p < .01) in doctors’ voice positively influenced online patient satisfaction. However, the effect of filled pauses becomes weaker for patients with higher health literacy and higher disease risk. This suggests that there is heterogeneity in the way different patients process audio information. This study provides important insights for guiding online physician behaviors, enhancing patient satisfaction, and improving mobile health platform management.

This article explores how digital procurement can significantly enhance supply chain resilience, drawing on the lens of Information Processing Theory (IPT). In an increasingly volatile and complex global environment, supply chains face heightened risks of disruption, requiring firms to improve their ability to acquire, process, and act upon critical information. Digital procurement technologies, including advanced analytics, cloud platforms, and artificial intelligence, expand the information-processing capabilities of organizations by enabling superior data integration, transparency, and collaborative decision-making. Through a theoretical discussion anchored in IPT, this paper elucidates how digital procurement reduces information asymmetry and increases processing speed and accuracy, thereby supporting more agile and robust responses to supply chain disruptions. The article systematically analyzes mechanisms such as real-time data sharing, predictive analytics, and automation of procurement processes, highlighting their roles in enhancing situational awareness and response capabilities. Moreover, it discusses how digital procurement facilitates coordination across diverse supply network actors, strengthening collective resilience. The study contributes to the literature by integrating IPT with digital procurement research, offering a novel conceptual framework to explain the linkages between technology-enabled information processing and supply chain resilience. This perspective underscores the importance of investing in digital procurement not merely as an efficiency driver but as a critical enabler of strategic resilience. Implications for managers and policymakers are also discussed, emphasizing the need to prioritize digital transformation initiatives that enhance information flow and processing throughout the supply chain. Overall, this article offers valuable theoretical and practical insights into leveraging digital procurement to build more resilient and adaptive supply chains.

PurposeSupply chain resilience (SCR) has attracted much attention in the context of the high uncertainty caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), local regional conflicts and natural disasters. Based on information processing theory (IPT), this study investigates the role of supply chain information processing capability in enhancing SCR through supply chain governance (SCG), under different conditions of environmental uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThe hypothetical model is tested by using hierarchical regression on the primary samples collected from the Chinese manufacturing industry.FindingsThe results indicate that supply chain information processing capability has a significant positive effect on SCR. Also, SCG plays a mediating role between supply chain information processing capability and SCR. Furthermore, environmental uncertainty positively moderates the effect of supply chain information acquisition and supply chain information analysis on relational governance. However, environmental uncertainty only positively moderates the effect of supply chain information analysis on contractual governance.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explain the effect of information processing capability on SCR from the supply chain perspective, while also exploring the mediating role of SCG between SCR and supply chain information processing capacity, based on IPT.

Without other mechanisms such as induction and parsers, UG-based approaches to linguistic cognition seem to fail to explain the logical problem of language acquisition. Hence, a property theory has to be adopted to combine UG views with other cognitive mechanisms like information processing and restructuring (Ellis, 2008). Pienemann (1998, 2003)'s Processibility Theory, and Levelt’s (1989) psycholinguistic theory of speech production, Jackendof's (1987, 1997, 2002) MOGUL, and Carroll’s (2001, 2002) Autonomous Induction Theory (AIT) are among the models which try to add new views to the UG-based approaches. Although suffering from a number of criticisms and having a high degree of abstractness, AIT with its major premises and conceptions related to the role of induction, attention, input, input processing, feedback, learning, and UG seems to be able to explain some of the UG enigma in second language acquisition.

The primary goal of auditory science is to provide a full account of how humans and animals hear sounds of all kinds: the sounds of everyday life, environmental sounds, speech, and music. A comprehensive, neurally grounded theory of hearing is needed that explains precisely how we hear what we hear. This chapter discusses cortical function in the context of such a theory. The first half of the chapter (Sections 13.2 and 13.3) outlines the basic structure of hearing (what is to be explained) and the various aspects of neural information processing that are needed for adequate explanations of auditory function (the terms of the explanations). The second half (Section 13.4) lists some of the fundamental outstanding experimental and theoretical problems that need to be solved.

Despite the remarkable cognitive power, humans are not alien beings living in their isolated universe but part of the Earth’s biosphere – a dynamic, intelligent system. The working of the human mind and society is built upon and follows the principles of the natural world. In today’s modern society, where technological advancement has significantly increased information accessibility to new knowledge, social sciences can greatly benefit from discoveries in natural sciences. In this book, the latest findings in life sciences are used as evidence to demonstrate and explain the mechanisms of psychological and social information processes. Mindsponge is a novel theory of information processing in the human mind. The mechanisms of information processing are present in all levels of the natural world – from ecological and physiological down to cellular and molecular. As a subset of nature, humans express these patterns in the way we think, believe, behave, and establish social constructs. By looking at the intelligent “minds” of nature, a more accurate framework for human cognition can be logically derived. The mindsponge theory reflects the physical, chemical, and biological laws upon the mental world, not the other way around. Throughout the book, readers will find interesting, often hilarious,

<h3>Objective:</h3> Utilize augmented reality (AR) to create military specific scenarios that can be objectively quantified and used to facilitate the detection of and return-to-duty (RTD) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). <h3>Background:</h3> Methods of detecting military mTBI are rooted in neuropsychological tests that measure a construct of executive or motor function. This approach does not lend itself to accurate detection or appropriate RTD. We have demonstrated the HoloLens 2 AR device provides accurate biomechanical data. Placing digital assets in a user’s real-world via AR technology creates an ecological environment to evaluate function. An AR Rifle qualification test (RQT) to evaluate dynamic movement, information processing, shooting performance and decision-making was developed. To evaluate performance in the context of a group or military unit, a room clearing assessment was created. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Data were gathered from 157 active-duty service members. The RQT was performed under single- and dual-task conditions. Five room clearing scenarios in which information processing and motor demands were manipulated were completed. Kinematic data from the HoloLens 2 provided biomechanical outcomes characterizing cognitive and motor performance. <h3>Results:</h3> Reaction time (RT) to firing and accuracy of target acquisition in the RQT did not differ between single- and dual-task conditions (<i>p&lt;0.05)</i>. Transition time from kneel to stand did not differ between conditions; however, dual-task sway path (41.2±17.5 cm) post-transition was increased compared to single-task (35.1±14.2 cm). There was a significant increase in processing time as the complexity of the room clearing scenarios increased. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The objective quantification of information processing (RT) and motor (postural sway and movement time) function while performing ecological AR military tasks can enhance the detection of mTBI using objective functional metrics. The use of AR to deliver realistic digital experiences will facilitate appropriate RTD to ensure the safety of the service member and their unit. <b>Disclosure:</b> Mr. Kaya has nothing to disclose. Anson Rosenfeldt has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Cleveland Clinic. Anson Rosenfeldt has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Enspire DBS. The institution of Anson Rosenfeldt has received research support from Michael J. Fox Foundation. The institution of Anson Rosenfeldt has received research support from National Institute of Health. The institution of Anson Rosenfeldt has received research support from Department of Defense. Anson Rosenfeldt has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Mr. Waltz has nothing to disclose. Mrs. Jansen has nothing to disclose. Ms. Owen has nothing to disclose. Mrs. Dunlap has nothing to disclose. Karissa Hastilow has nothing to disclose. Mrs. Scelina has nothing to disclose. Mr. Zimmerman has nothing to disclose. Morgan McGrath has nothing to disclose. Amanda Penko has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Alberts has received research support from NIH. Dr. Alberts has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Alberts has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Member, Health and Wellness Council with Peloton Interactive.

P300 responses to emotive words of different hedonic tones were assessed in depressed patients (unipolar major), patients recovered from the same type of depression and normal controls. Depressed patients showed a smaller amplitude of P300 in response to negatively toned words than to positive words; normal controls showed the opposite pattern and recovered patients showed a pattern of response which resembled that of depressed patients. The experimental trials comparing responses to negative and positive stimuli in relation to neutral words showed significant differences for negative as compared with neutral stimuli, but not for positive as compared with neutral stimuli. Latencies of P300 did not differentiate depressed patients from normal controls. The results are discussed within the context of the 'expectancy' theory of information processing.

The study aimed to measure and validate the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model among university students, exploring the factors that predict health information avoidance behaviors and their association with health risk behaviors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect the data from 1,500 university students. A five-factor measure model (risk perception, informational norms, information overload, information insufficiency, and negative affective risk responses) was developed and tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings revealed that risk perception, information overload, and negative affective risk responses significantly influence health information avoidance behavior, which in turn significantly impacts health risk behaviors. These results highlight the importance of health literacy programs in reducing risk perception, information overload, and negative affective responses while promoting health information-seeking behaviors. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by identifying key factors within the RISP model that significantly influence health information avoidance. Moreover, these findings can guide the development of targeted interventions aimed at reducing health information avoidance and promoting health-seeking behaviors.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents under single and repeated viewing conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis study explored visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements using the theoretical assumptions of the social psychology theory of social information processing by Wyer (2003). The authors conducted two experiments over a timeline of three months. In the first experiment, participants watched the 360-degree video advertisement once, and after one week, the same set of participants watched the same advertisement again. The theoretical assumptions in the comprehension unit were used to design the experiments and to explore visual comprehension in memory for 360-degree video advertisements. The data were collected using surveys and interviews through an experimental research design approach. NVivo software was used to analyse the data.FindingsThis study found that while female participants were able to comprehend colours in the visuals better, male participants were better able to comprehend facial expressions presented in the visuals. Further, both female and male participants were able to comprehend locations within the advertisement visuals. It was found that participants understood the plot or the story of the advertisement better after the second viewing than after the first viewing.Practical implicationsThe two main contributions from this study are as follows: from a theoretical perspective, the application of a social psychology theory for the advertising sector enables us to gather more insights about the social cognition stages of a human mindset such as information retrieval, judgement, decision making, goal stimulation and short- and long-term memory. In doing so, this study not only explored adolescents' visual comprehension memory of 360-degree video advertisements, but it also contributed to the theory of social information processing by Wyer (2003) by exploring consumer visual comprehension memory. From a practical perspective, the findings of this study provide a solid foundation for future advertising firms or agencies, marketers, and salespeople on how to design effective advertisements using 360-degree video versions in a way that appeals to consumer visual memory.Originality/valueThis paper can be considered as amongst the first studies which combine social psychology with advertising to investigate visual comprehension memory for 360-degree video advertisements amongst adolescents.

In military operational environments, an overflow of information along with rapidly changing conditions has the potential to reduce soldiers’ performance and mission success. Performance has been improved by technologies that make use of integrated means of information transfer, but there remains an increase in commanders’ workload and information processing demands. Most of the communication between commanders and their soldiers is handled by audio and visual devices. Less common is the use of tactile interfaces. The tactile modality allows a fast, intuitive, secured, and silent channel of communication. The main goal of the current study was to determine soldiers’ requirements and needs and based on those establish the characteristics of an experimental infrastructure for future experiments to test the efficiency of tactile interfaces in operational settings. To this end, questionnaires were distributed among infantry officers of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Analysis of the collected data provided insights into soldiers’ view of the tactile display usage in the battlefield. The results of this study lay the foundations for further research and development of an effective tactile channel to be used by soldiers in operational environments.

Acquisition of supply market intelligence – An information processing perspective