Unique solvability of boundary value problem for functional differential equations with involution

This article examines the unique solvability of a boundary value problem for hyperbolic systems under periodic conditions. To solve the stated problem, the Dzhumabaev method is employed, which transforms the original boundary value problem into an equivalent multipoint boundary value problem for ordinary differential equations with parameters, incorporating both initial and additional boundary conditions. Furthermore, the study establishes a connection between the unique solvability of the original problem and the invertibility of the matrix . Recurrent relations for determining the elements of the inverse matrix are also derived.

The Green’s function is widely used in solving boundary value problems for differential equations, to which many mathematical and physical problems are reduced. In particular, solutions of partial differential equations by the Fourier method are reduced to boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. Using the Green's function for a homogeneous problem, one can calculate the solution of an inhomogeneous differential equation. Knowing the Green's function makes it possible to solve a whole class of problems of finding eigenvalues in quantum field theory. The developed method for constructing the Green’s function of boundary value problems for ordinary linear differential equations is described. An algorithm and program for calculating the Green's function of boundary value problems for differential equations of the second and third orders in an explicit analytical form are presented. Examples of computing the Green's function for specific boundary value problems are given. The fundamental system of solutions of ordinary differential equations with singular points needed to construct the Green's function is calculated in the form of generalized power series with the help of the developed programs in the Maple environment. An algorithm is developed for constructing the Green's function in the form of power series for second-order and third-order differential equations with given boundary conditions. Compiled work programs in the Maple environment for calculating the Green functions of arbitrary boundary value problems for differential equations of the second and third orders. Calculations of the Green's function for specific third-order boundary value problems using the developed program are presented. The obtained approximate Green’s function is compared with the known expressions of the exact Green’s function and very good agreement is found

Sufficient conditions are established for the solvability of the boundary value problem where p : C(I; Rn ) × C(I; Rn ) → L(I; Rn ), q : C(I; Rn ) → L(I; Rn ), l : C(I; Rn ) × C(I; Rn ) → Rn , and cn : C(I; Rn ) → Rn are continuous operators, and p(x, ·) and l(x, ·) are linear operators for any fixed x ∈ C(I; Rn ).

Introduction. This study investigates the possibility of increasing the accuracy of numerically solving boundary value problems using the modified Bubnov-Galerkin method with a linear ordinary differential equation, where the coefficients and the right-hand side are continuous functions. The order of the differential equation n must be less than the number of coordinate functions m.Materials and Methods. A modified Petrov-Galerkin method was used to numerically solve the boundary value problem. It employs a system of linearly independent power-type basis functions on the interval [−1,1], each normalized by the unit Chebyshev norm. The system of linear algebraic equations includes only the linearly independent boundary conditions of the original problem.Results. For the first time, an integral quadrature formula with a 22nd order error was developed for a uniform grid. This formula is used to calculate the matrix elements and coefficients in the right-hand side of the system of linear algebraic equations, taking into account the scalar product of two functions based on the new quadrature formula. The study proves a theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution for boundary value problems with general non-separated conditions, provided that n linearly independent particular solutions of a homogeneous differential equation of order n are known.Discussion and Conclusion. The hydrodynamic problem in a viscous strong boundary layer with a third-order equation was precisely solved. The analytical solution was compared with its numerical counterpart, and the uniform norm of their difference did not exceed 5·10‒15. The formulas derived using the generalized Bubnov-Galerkin method may be useful for solving boundary value problems with linear ordinary differential equations of the third and higher orders.

On the variational iteration method and other iterative techniques for nonlinear differential equations

In this study, a multipoint boundary value problem for Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations is considered. The addition of a new function converts the system of Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations to a system of Fredholm integro-differential equations. In contrast to the original problem, the dimension of a Fredholm integro-differential equation is determined by the number of matrices in the degenerate kernel of the Volterra integral. A numerical algorithm of Dzhumabaev parameterization method for addressing a multipoint boundary value problem for Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed method is splitting the problem into auxiliary Cauchy problems for ordinary differential equations and a system of algebraic equations with respect to the parameters. The conditions for the unique solvability of the multipoint boundary value problem for Fredholm integro-differential equations are established. Finally, various numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and correctness of the suggested technique.

A numerical method is suggested for solving systems of nonautonomous loaded linear ordinary differential equations with nonseparated multipoint and integral conditions. The method is based on the convolution of integral conditions into local ones. As a result, the original problem is reduced to an initial value (Cauchy) problem for systems of ordinary differential equations and linear algebraic equations. The approach proposed is used in combination with the linearization method to solve systems of loaded nonlinear ordinary differential equations with nonlocal conditions. An example of a loaded parabolic equation with nonlocal initial and boundary conditions is used to show that the approach can be applied to partial differential equations. Numerous numerical experiments on test problems were performed with the use of the numerical formulas and schemes proposed.

The paper deals with the variational convergence of a sequence of optimal control problems for functional differential state equations with deviating argument. Variational limit problems are found under various conditions of convergence of the input data. It is shown that, upon sufficiently weak assumptions on convergence of the argument deviations, the limit problem can assume a form different from that of the whole sequence. In particular, it can be either an optimal control problem for an integro-differential equation or a purely variational problem. Conditions are found under which the limit problem preserves the form of the original sequence.

On solvability and unique solvability of two-point singular boundary value problems

Numerical solution of two-point boundary value problems

This article is devoted to study the boundary value problems of the first and second kind with respect to the spatial variable for a mixed inhomogeneous differential equation of parabolic-hyperbolic type with a fractional Caputo operator in a rectangular domain. In the study of such boundary value problems, we abandoned the boundary value condition with respect to the first argument and instead it is used additional gluing condition. In this case, in the justification of the unique solvability of the problems, the conditions on the boundary domain are removed. This allowed us to weaken the criterion for the unique solvability of boundary value problems under consideration. The solution is constructed in the form of Fourier series with eigenfunctions corresponding to homogeneous spectral problems. Estimates for the convergence of Fourier series are obtained as a regular solution of this mixed equation.

A nonlinear loaded differential equation with a parameter on a finite interval is studied. The interval is partitioned by the load points, at which the values of the solution to the equation are set as additional parameters. A nonlinear boundary value problem for the considered equation is reduced to a nonlinear multipoint boundary value problem for the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with parameters. For fixed parameters, we obtain the Cauchy problems for ordinary differential equations on the subintervals. Substituting the values of the solutions to these problems into the boundary condition and continuity conditions at the partition points, we compose a system of nonlinear algebraic equations in parameters. A method of solving the boundary value problem with a parameter is proposed. The method is based on finding the solution to the system of nonlinear algebraic equations composed.

Numerous papers deal with asymptotic methods for boundary value problems in domains depending on a small parameter in a complicated way (perforated domains, partially perforated domains, framework structures, thin domains); e.g., see [1–9]. Boundary value problems in thick singularly degenerating junctions (the number of components of such junctions grows infinitely as the perturbation parameter tends to zero) have specific difficulties and require a separate consideration. It was shown in [10] that boundary value problems in thick junctions lose their coercivity under the passage to the limit, which substantially complicates asymptotic studies. The papers [11, 12] were the first in this direction. In [13–19], a classification of thick junctions was given and rigorous mathematical methods were developed for analyzing the main boundary value problems of mathematical physics in thick singularly degenerating junctions of various types. The study of boundary value problems in thick junctions is focused on the asymptotic behavior of their solutions as e → 0, i.e., as the number of thin attached domains grows infinitely and their thickness tends to zero. In the present paper, we consider a thick junction whose thin attached cylinders are divided into two levels depending on the boundary conditions posed on the lateral surface of these cylinders (inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and homogeneous Dirichlet conditions). In addition, thin cylinders of each level e-periodically alternate along the junction zone. Such thick junctions will be called thick two-level junctions. A problem on a thick plane two-level junction was considered for the first time in [20], where the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a spectral boundary value problem was analyzed. Other boundary value problems in plane two-level junctions were considered in [21–23]. Asymptotic analysis of boundary value problems with a periodic change of boundary conditions (Neumann and Dirichlet conditions) on the boundary of smooth unperturbed domains was carried out in [24–26], where it was shown that the first term of the asymptotics is mainly the solution of the corresponding boundary value problem with the Dirichlet conditions. The qualitatively new result of the present paper implies that the first term of the asymptotics is a vector function whose components are solutions of two independent boundary value problems (one in the junction body and another in a domain filled with thin cylinders in the limit) with homogeneous Dirichlet conditions in the junction zone. Note also that the second problem is a problem for a second-order ordinary differential equation with a new right-hand side that “remembers” the inhomogeneity in the Neumann boundary conditions of the original problem and the specific “packing density” of thin cylinders.

Theorems on the existence and uniqueness of generalized and classical solutions of the first boundary-value problem for an ordinary differential equation of order 2m in the case where the functions involved are nonintegrable at the points at which boundary conditions are imposed (singular problems) are established. The results obtained justify the applicability of the Ritz and Galerkin methods to the problems considered. Bibliography: 2 titles.

The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the boundary value problem for a third-order mixed-type equation with variable coefficients in the lower terms is proven, with conditions for the gluing of the function itself and its first- and second-order derivatives on the line y=0, where the type of equation changes when a second-order mixed parabolic-hyperbolic operator is applied to a first-order linear differential operator with constant coefficients. By reducing the order of the equation, the problem was reduced to the Tricomi problem for a second-order mixed parabolic-hyperbolic equation with continuous conditions for the function itself and its first-order derivative with respect to y on the line of change of the equation type. By the method of elimination of the system of equations obtained from the parabolic and hyperbolic parts of the domains, the solvability of the problem was reduced to the solvability of the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. A sufficient condition for the solvability of the integral equation was obtained through estimates of the kernel of the equation. The solution of the problem was split into two problems in the regions under consideration: in the parabolic part of the region, the first boundary value problem for the heat conduction equation was solved using the Green's function method, and in the hyperbolic part of the region, bounded by the characteristics of the equation and the line y=0, the solution of the problem using the Riemann function construction method was determined as the solution of the Cauchy problem. By applying a curvilinear integral, the solution to the problem in the areas under consideration was found. The necessity of the requirement of continuity of the function itself and its first two derivatives with respect to y on the line of change of the equation type was justified. Sufficient conditions for the unique classical solvability of the boundary value problem were established. The obtained conditions for the solvability of the boundary value problem provided a theoretical basis for the development of numerical methods for solving applied problems in aerohydrodynamics, geophysics, and engineering thermodynamics