Unregulated Workshop Practices and Consumer Protection: Addressing Unauthorized Fuel Siphoning

Background. Due to serious concerns about illegal business practices in Indonesia's food manufacturing sector, the government passed Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). This law seeks to protect consumer rights and promote moral business practices, especially when it comes to food product marketing. Despite these regulations, violations still occur, often resulting in consumer harm. One such instance is illustrated by Criminal Case Number 747/Pid.B/2020/PN.Bgl, where the defendant was found guilty of selling expired food, highlighting the ongoing risks faced by consumers. This study investigates the legal mechanisms for resolving disputes between consumers and business actors, with a focus on the legal responsibilities of businesses that violate consumer protection laws. Research Method. This study used a normative legal research method. The analysis is based on statutory regulations and case law, particularly Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code regarding unlawful acts. Findings. Selling expired food constitutes an unlawful act under Indonesian law and causes material and moral losses to consumers. Business actors are not only subject to criminal penalties but are also obligated to provide compensation for damages. Conclusion. Stronger enforcement of consumer protection laws and increased awareness among business actors are essential to prevent future violations. Legal remedies must be applied consistently to uphold justice and consumer rights.

The rapid expansion of online marketplace platforms in Indonesia has fundamentally reshaped consumer transaction practices, while simultaneously increasing the incidence of consumer losses arising from non-conforming goods, counterfeit products, delivery failures, and fraudulent schemes. Recent reports and publicly documented cases have revealed persistent vulnerabilities in marketplace transaction systems, raising critical questions regarding the legal responsibility of marketplaces to protect consumer rights. Despite the growing relevance of this issue, existing studies largely focus on seller liability or contractual relationships, leaving the role and accountability of marketplaces under Indonesian Consumer Protection Law insufficiently examined. This study aims to analyze the liability of online marketplaces for consumer losses in electronic transactions under Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. Employing a normative juridical research method, this study applies a statutory and conceptual approach by examining consumer protection legislation, civil law principles, and relevant legal doctrines, supported by scholarly literature and documented cases. The findings demonstrate that marketplaces qualify as business actors and therefore bear legal obligations under Articles 4, 7, and 19 of the Consumer Protection Law, including the duty to provide accurate information, ensure transaction security, and offer compensation for consumers’ losses. However, the implementation of such liability remains largely dependent on internal marketplace policies, which often limit the effectiveness of consumer remedies. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the legal position of marketplaces as responsible actors in online transactions and strengthening the normative foundation for enhanced consumer protection in Indonesia’s digital commerce ecosystem.

This research aims to find out about the liability of clothing line sellers towards consumers due to defective goods in terms of Law No. 8 of 1999 on consumer protection, the Sickmynd case study. This research aims to determine the liability of clothing line sellers towards consumers who are harmed by defective goods as stipulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. And to find out the factors that cause consumers to experience losses due to defective products when buying at SICKMYND Gorontalo. The method used in this research uses a normative type of researcher. Normative legal research is library legal research, namely research on primary data. What is studied are the rules written in laws, norms or other rules. Based on the results of research conducted, even though there are violations, this research highlights the responsibility of producers in overcoming consumer losses due to defective goods. Enforcement of the Consumer Protection Law is important to protect consumer rights and ensure balance in buying and selling relationships in the market. Violations of the Consumer Protection Law, especially Articles 8 to 17, were identified in the SICKMYND CLOTHING LINE business. The prohibition on producing and trading goods and services that do not comply with the standards, conditions and promises stated in labels or sales promotions is a violation that must be avoided by business actors.

Today, consumer protection should receive more attention because there are not a few Business Actors who do business in Indonesia, both domestic and foreign Business Actors and are part of Indonesia's economic development. This paper will investigate the responsibility of the Seller in the event of a discrepancy in the delivery of goods to customers, as well as the legal remedies available to consumers. The research method used was normative method or doctrinal legal research. Because consumers' rights and obligations in transactions with business actors are often regulated and have the type of a standard that business actors must give consumers. Business actors are responsible for failing to provide consumer rights. In the Consumer Protection Law, "Liability Based on Fault" is used as the concept of responsibility. If the company actor refuses to take responsibility for his mistake and a consumer dispute emerges, the Protection Law allows parties to resolve problems outside or in court. If parties settle consumer problems outside of court, they sign a deed/agreement of settlement or agreement on the conclusion of a dispute resolution for mediation and conciliation.

The settlement of business disputes between consumers and business actors is an increasingly crucial issue along with the increasing complexity of transactions in the digital era and global economy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) in supporting alternative business dispute resolution as an effort to protect consumer rights in Indonesia and analyze the effectiveness of alternative business dispute resolution in protecting consumer rights in Indonesia. The method used in this research is normative juridical research. The results showed that BPSK plays an important role in providing more effective alternative dispute resolution for Indonesian consumers through mediation, conciliation, and arbitration mechanisms that are friendly, fast, and affordable. Through this approach, BPSK supports the protection of consumer rights and encourages fair and responsible business practices among business actors. The effectiveness of alternative business dispute resolution also creates flexible and efficient solutions, addressing consumer justice needs in a cheaper and faster way. Despite some challenges, ADR provides a favorable solution for consumers and businesses in resolving business disputes..

The Consumer Protection Law does not expressively verbis state the protection of consumer personal data as part of consumer rights that must be protected by business actors. The existence of cybercrime and the negligence of business actors can cause leakage of consumer personal data to be something that needs to be anticipated. This paper aims to discuss the application of the PDP Law to consumer protection of personal data and how the form of liability of business actors in the perspective of the PDP Law in ensuring consumer protection. This paper uses normative research with a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, and a case approach. This paper also concluded that The handling of consumer disputes related to personal data breaches should be handled in parallel by applying the PDP Law and the Consumer Protection Law. Business actors should protect consumers' personal data based on the provisions prohibiting disclosing personal data unlawfully. The application of the principle of absolute accountability or strict liability is intended so that business actors can be fully responsible for the interests of consumers. In the event that there is negligence on the part of the business actor, resulting in a violation of the protection of consumers' personal data. Business actors cannot escape responsibility for any reason because they have neglected to protect consumers' personal data.

The article analyzes the conceptual foundations of the formation of a system of protection of the rights and legitimate interests of consumers. With the help of the dialectical method, a complex of general and special scientific methods, the essence of civil legal protection of consumer rights and organizational, legal and economic aspects of consumer protection have been clarified. The necessity of development and approval of unified standards for rendering financial services to consumers has been demonstrated. The main directions of formation and implementation of the policy of consumer rights protection in the field of trade and provision of financial services, with emphasis on digitalization of relevant legal relations, have also been determined. In the conclusions, the desirability of developing and consolidating, at the normative level, the Comprehensive Program for the Implementation of the State Policy on the Protection of the Rights of Financial Services Consumers for 2023-2027 is substantiated. Finally, arguments were presented to complement the legislation in the field of consumer relations with other normative legal acts in order to guarantee the protection of consumers’ rights.

The rapid development of e-commerce has accelerated the circulation of products claiming halal certification. It has also shifted halal product distribution patterns to the digital realm. This shift raises issues related to verification and protection of consumer rights. Blockchain-based electronic evidence in the context of halal certification has become a fundamental issue for muslim consumer protection in the digital era. There are incomplete regulations governing the status and mechanisms for verifying blockchain evidence. These gaps pose challenges in providing evidence in court and create legal uncertainty for consumers. This study aims to analyze the validity of blockchain-based halal certificates as a legal evidentiary tool in consumer protection disputes. The goal is to strengthen muslim consumer protection in Indonesia. This study is a normative legal study using statutory and conceptual approach. The legal materials were obtained from primary and secondary sources by examining the Halal Product Guarantee Law, the Consumer Protection Law, and regulations related to electronic information. The analysis was conducted through systematic interpretation and literature review. The research results show that blockchain-based halal certificates have potential probative validity due to their transparency and decentralization. This can increase the transparency and authenticity of halal products. However, in practice, there are still no technical guidelines regarding the blockchain-based halal certificate verification mechanism. Therefore, comprehensive special regulations are needed from the government, particularly technical guidelines for blockchain-based halal certification, to ensure consumer protection in the digital era. their transparent and decentralized nature, which can enhance the transparency and authenticity of halal products.

Various legal instruments made to provide protection to consumers, especially consumers of insurance services, include the establishment of BMAI (the Indonesian Insurance Mediation and Arbitration Agency), OJK (Financial Services Authority), as well as those accommodated in the Consumer Protection Law which includes BPKN (National Consumer Protection Agency), LPKS (Non-Government Consumer Protection Institution, and BPSK (Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency), are layered instruments that consumers can use to fortify themselves from fraudulent acts and arbitrarily even ignore consumer rights committed by business actors. However, whether these devices are sufficient enough, in connection with the many complaints from the public against business actors, especially insurance service businesses. Many things affect the phenomenon of society, especially consumers of insurance services who feel that they are still not protected by the layers of legal instruments made, including factors from the consumers themselves, factors of business actors, law enforcement factors, and other supporting factors it should run in an ideal and harmonious manner. 
 
 Keywords : Consumer Insurance Services, Insurance Business Actors, Consumer Protection

This study examines the factors that contribute to the failure of consumer protection policies in Indonesia. Indonesia's significant potential as a country with a large population and relatively high economic growth, making it crucial for this study to be inundated with imported goods. This study uses a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis from various sources. Secondary data were obtained from academic literature and government policies. The results of the study indicate that the factors contributing to the failure of consumer protection policies stem from legal, economic, and political aspects. The implementation of fair and firm consumer protection laws, and the government providing balanced protection to consumers and businesses, are key factors in the success of consumer protection policies. Strengthening dispute resolution institutions and product distribution supervisory institutions in the market also contribute significantly. Furthermore, the government needs to side with domestic products by restricting the flow of imports of foreign products. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for collaboration between the government, businesses, and consumers to create an ecosystem that supports fair consumer protection policies. The proposed recommendation to relevant parties is to urge legislative institutions to amend norms that weaken consumer rights in the Consumer Protection Law. It is hoped that these steps will have a positive impact on consumers, business actors and the national economy as a whole

Law enforcement on consumer protection reflects the norms or rules of consumer protection law that apply in the community to be obeyed. The use of law enforcement instruments in consumer protection is a civil lawsuit that can be made by consumers, either individually or in groups, non-governmental organizations and the government. Consumer protection is something that is very important, because basically all humans are consumers. This consumer protection has been regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (hereinafter referred to as UUPK). The purpose of this law is to balance the rights and obligations of consumers and actors so as to provide protection to both parties, even though the interests of consumers and business actors are different. This difference in interests can trigger disputes between consumers and business actors. This consumer protection law enforcement can be done in court or out of court. Law enforcement on consumer protection is currently weak and tends to weaken. This can be seen from the number of complaints, complaints and consumer disputes submitted through social media, the voices of readers and those that go to BPSK, BPKN, LPKSM and YLKI, but very few get to the court process.

Spaylater is a payment method that provides loans to its users. When carrying out transactions on Shopee e-commerce, legal protection is very necessary when there is a problem with late payments by users, viewed from the perspective of consumer protection law and civil law. The focus of this research is: 1) What is the Shopee application spaylater agreement system according to consumer protection law and civil law. 2) What is the impact of delays in Sypalater payments for Shopee users and Spaylater owners according to consumer protection law and civil law? 3) What is the legal protection against delays in spaylater payments for Shopee users according to consumer protection law and civil law. This research uses a sociological approach to law and legislation, with an empirical research type. The research results and conclusions are: 1) the Spaylater agreement system has aspects that require more attention from the perspective of consumer protection law and civil law. Although in general this agreement is valid according to civil law, there are still several inconsistencies with the principles regulated in the UUPK. 2) SPayLater payment delays can have a bad impact on Spaylater users. For loan service providers, late payments can be considered a breach of contract on the loan agreement. However, the application of sanctions or fines must still take into account the principles of consumer protection and must not burden consumers unreasonably. A balance is needed between protecting consumer rights and the interests of loan service providers in the context of late SPayLater payments. 3) Legal protection for Spaylater users who experience delays in payment must pay attention to the provisions in the Consumer Protection Law and Civil Law. In the UUPK, SPayLater service providers are required to provide clear and transparent information, and treat users fairly without discrimination. Meanwhile, in Civil Law, although late payment can be considered a breach of contract, the imposition of sanctions must still take into account the principles of propriety and good fait

Introduction: Financial services businesses use personal data in the form of consumer telephone numbers as information and communication to enable the distribution of data and information on financial products, in this case such as credit offers and/or service offers, quickly and directly with consumers or potential consumers.Purposes of the Research: (1.) To know and understand the legal protection of consumers regarding the personal data used. (2.) How is the application of the principle of rights in Consumer Personal Data Law to Financial Financing Service Business Actor.Methods of the Research: The author uses normative juridical law research which obtains data from literature studies in the form of laws, documents, books, magazines and other literature related to writing. Results of the Research: The application of the principle of the right to confidentiality, the right to security and the right to comfort in relation to the consumer's personal data, there are still errors or violations in implementing these principles by business actors or employees of the service business actors. The application in making offers by business actors is wrong, causing consumer discomfort. Which is the real purpose of the consumer protection law and the rules regarding consumer protection in the financial services sector issued by the OJK aimed at protecting consumer rights, one of which is the right to comfort. In SEOJK 12/2014, it is clear that financial services business actors are prohibited from contacting consumers to promote or offer a product through personal communication without any request and approval from consumers.

Purpose: Indonesia is a Muslim-majority country. The state must be able to provide protection to its citizens to carry out religious teachings. One of the obligations of Muslims is to consume halal food/drinks. Consumer Protection Law No. 8/1999 then Law No. 33/2014 on Halal Product Assurance is access for Muslim consumers to obtain halal products.Design/Method/Approach: This research is a type of qualitative research that aims to find out how the condition of halal products in the jangek cracker industry and to find out how the Halal Protection Guarantee Law imitates the absence of halal certification in the jangek cracker industry in Medan Deli DistrictFindings: The results of this study show that the products marketed by the industry are true not to have halal certification on the grounds that the manufacturer states that this industry is only a cottage industry that is not required for halal certification. If viewed from the aspect of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning JPH that the absence of halal certification in the jangek cracker industry in Medan Deli District has violated article 4 of the JPH Law which requires all products marketed to go through halal certification except for products that are derived from haram ingredients, besides that the above problems also result in the loss of consumer rights that have been regulated by law.Originality/Values: The research will provide guarantees for legal protection of Muslim consumer rights against products that are not halal, but also increase the selling value of business actors' products, because consumers will no longer hesitate to buy products traded by business actors.

Consumer protection in the transportation sector is a crucial aspect of public service governance, ensuring that consumer rights are safeguarded while maintaining the accountability of service providers. This study aims to analyze the legal protection mechanisms for consumers in the transportation sector, focusing on the rights of consumers and the responsibilities of public transport service providers. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study employs a literature review approach (library research) to examine relevant legal frameworks, regulations, and case studies at both national and international levels. The findings indicate that while many legal frameworks exist to protect consumer rights in the transportation sector, enforcement and implementation remain inconsistent. Consumers are entitled to safety, security, accessibility, and fair treatment, yet challenges such as inadequate regulations, lack of transparency, and insufficient enforcement mechanisms often hinder their protection. Public transport service providers, on the other hand, have a responsibility to ensure service reliability, safety standards, and adherence to consumer protection laws. This study highlights the need for stronger regulatory oversight, improved legal enforcement, and increased consumer awareness to enhance consumer protection in the transportation sector. By analyzing legal principles and international best practices, this study contributes to the discourse on consumer rights and public transport governance. Strengthening legal frameworks and promoting responsible service delivery are essential to ensuring a fair and efficient transportation system.