Use of automated testing in circuit switching system technical analysis

This paper studies the software test with automated test tool under cloud environment. The automated software test technology could speed up the test efficiency and less down the work of test engineers. On the cloud technology, the automated test tool should make some modification to adapt for cloud. The paper proposes the test integrated technology with automated test tool on cloud-based environment. This technology connects cloud-based environment and the automated test tool. The fully test procedure also are proposed to support test design, script develop and script execute. The cloud technology is used to test some applications with the automated test tool and archive the expected outcome.

Use of mobile applications are trending these days due to adoption of handheld mobile devices with operating systems such as Android, iOS and Windows. Delivering quality mobile apps is as important as in any other web or desktop application. Simplification and ease of quality assurance or evaluation in mobile devices is achieved by using automated testing tools. These tools have been evaluated for their features, platforms, code coverage, and efficiency. However, they have not been evaluated and compared to each other for different quality attributes they can enhance in the apps under test. This research study aims to evaluate different testing tools focusing on identifying quality factors they aid to achieve in the apps under test. Furthermore, it aims to measure overall trends of essential quality factors achieved using automated testing tools. The findings of this study are beneficial to the practitioners and researchers. The practitioners need to look up for specific tools which aid them to assure the desired quality factors in the apps under test. The researchers may base their studies on the findings of this study to propose solutions or revise existing tools in order to achieve maximum number of critical quality attributes in the app under test. This study revealed that the trend of automated testing is high on usability, correctness and robustness. Moreover, the trend is average on testability and performance. However, for assurance of extensibility, maintainability, scalability, and platform compatibility, only a few tools are available.

991012615969303412 HKUST Electronic Theses Applications of nonblocking network theory by Yifan Huang thesis 2018 1 volume (unpaged) : illustrations ; 30 cm Nonblocking networks has been widely used in telephone networks, various circuit switching systems, and parallel computers. Nowadays, the…Read more ›

A new switching architecture for broadband ISDN, "Synchronous Composite Packet Switching (SCPS)," is proposed and evaluated. It efficiently integrates circuit and packet switching functions on a single switching system and accommodates very high speed-up to several tens of Mbit/s-communication services, such as very high speed bursts of data, still picture, and motion video, as well as 64 kbit/s or less voice and data services. The SCPS system comprises plural switch modules and plural Very high speed synchronous loops. In the SCPS system, messages on plural circuit switched channels are assembled into quasi-packets, called "composite packets," and switched synchronously between switch modules, maintaining complete time transparency and short absolute delay time. A system parameter design to obtain high system efficiency and appropriate system modularity is explained, and an example for a very large capacity transit switch of 4 Gbit/s throughput is presented. System implementation problems to realize the SCPS principle, such as efficient implementation of the composite packet assembling and loop transmission functions, are investigated and an experimental system constructed for circuit switching part is presented. The most remarkable characteristic of the SCPS is that it efficiently integrates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">64 \times n</tex> kbit/s circuit switching with packet switching. Moreover, the SCPS system retains compatibility with existing networks and the possibiliy of evolution toward a future broadband ISDN. On the basis of the above investigations and experimental system construction, the authors conclude that the SCPS is one of the most practical switching architectures for the coming broadband ISDN era.

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the asymptotic stability of discrete‐time switching systems in which the modulus of all subsystem eigenvalues are greater than one. The study begins by constructing an energy function with practical physical meaning for each discrete‐time subsystem. Specifically, a standard linear discrete system is derived by discretizing a single‐degree‐of‐freedom vibratory model, with its energy function defined as the sum of the model's kinetic and potential energies. An invertible transform is then applied to convert a general linear discrete system into standard form, enabling the construction of a general energy function based on that of a standard one. Since the construction of subsystem energy functions depends on the choice of invertible transform, which is not unique, the resulting energy functions for different subsystems under distinct transforms cannot be directly compared. To address this issue, an intermediate subsystem is introduced to define a relative energy ratio function between two subsystems. Using this relative energy ratio function, a state‐dependent switching rule is developed to maximize energy loss within a switch circuit, thereby achieving rapid asymptotic stability of the discrete switching system. Finally, numerical examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Due to incremental upgrade approach, growing number of enterprise systems present heterogeneous UIs, in which certain sections/applications are 32 bit whereas others are 64 bit. Typical business process use-case interactions in these enterprise systems span both these sections, simultaneously. However conventional test automation tools have been designed to test either 32 bit applications or 64 bit applications only, but not both simultaneously. The test tools cannot directly detect custom controls or third party components and hence rely on "hooking into these UI controls" to get access. These hooking components need to be managed for interoperability. Hooking allows test code to monitor messages received by the application under test. However Windows OS puts the following constraints: 1. If an application requires the use of hooks in other processes, it is required that a 32-bit application can inject a 32-bit DLL into 32-bit processes, and a 64-bit application can inject a 64-bit DLL into 64-bit processes. 2. The 32-bit and 64-bit DLLs must have different names. The first constraint impedes seamless interoperation of the 32 bit and 64 bit accessing sections of the test script. The second constraint implies separate management of the same injection code increasing maintenance effort. In this paper we report our experience of co-ordination between the hooking components as a mechanism to interact with these heterogeneous user interfaces. Our bit sensitive manager component, co-ordinates the 64-bit test environment, allowing 32-bit controls to be accessed seamlessly without maintaining separately named injection components. This facilitates efficient interaction even if the communication between the 32 and 64 bit sections are intense. Importantly, the mechanism does not cause instability in the application under test nor does it increase the application's memory footprint significantly. This mechanism is envisioned to drive the "simultaneous 32bit - 64 bit handling" capability in the commercial test automation tools and will be used widely as enterprise systems take an incremental upgrade approach to migrate towards fully 64 bit systems.

Software testing is an integral part of software development lifecycle. Lack of testing can often lead to disastrous consequences including lost of data, fortunes, and even lives. Despite its importance, current software testing practice lacks automation, and is still primarily based on highly manual processes from the generation of test cases up to the actual execution of the test. Although the emergence of helpful automated testing tools in the market is blooming, their adoptions are lacking as they do not adequately provide the right level abstraction and automation required by test engineers. JTst is a Java based automated unit testing tool that addresses some of the aforementioned issues. The main novel features are the fact that JTst automates the test preparation activities, facilitates the test data generation through recombination, and allows concurrent execution of test data, in order to encourage higher product quality at lower testing costs.

This paper describes the third round of the Java Unit Testing Tool Competition. This edition of the contest evaluates no less than seven automated testing tools! And, like during the second round, test suites written by human testers are also used for comparison. This paper contains the full results of the evaluation.

Dynamic analysis is a technique that is used to fully understand the internals of a system at runtime. On Android, dynamic security analysis involves real-time assessment and active adaptation of an app’s behaviour, and is used for various tasks, including network monitoring, system-call tracing, and taint analysis. The research on dynamic analysis has made significant progress in the past years. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack in secondary studies that analyse the novel ideas and common limitations of current security research. The main aim of this work is to understand dynamic security analysis research on Android to present the current state of knowledge, highlight research gaps, and provide insights into the existing body of work in a structured and systematic manner. We conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on dynamic security analysis for Android. The systematic review establishes a taxonomy, defines a classification scheme, and explores the impact of advanced Android app testing tools on security solutions in software engineering and security research. The study’s key findings centre on tool usage, research objectives, constraints, and trends. Instrumentation and network monitoring tools play a crucial role, with research goals focused on app security, privacy, malware detection, and software testing automation. Identified limitations include code coverage constraints, security-related analysis obstacles, app selection adequacy, and non-deterministic behaviour. Our study results deepen the understanding of dynamic analysis in Android security research by an in-depth review of 43 publications. The study highlights recurring limitations with automated testing tools and concerns about detecting or obstructing dynamic analysis.

An optical packet and circuit integrated network (OPCInet) provides both high-speed, inexpensive services and deterministic-delay, low-data-loss services according to the users' usage scenarios, from the viewpoint of end users. From the viewpoint of network service providers, this network provides large switching capacity with low energy consumption, high flexibility, and efficient resource utilization with a simple control mechanism. This paper presents the recent progress made in the development of OPCInet and its extension to software-defined networking (SDN). We have developed OPCI nodes, which are capable of layer 3 switching from/to an Ethernet frame to/from an optical packet in the optical packet edge part and a burst-tolerant optical amplifier and an optical buffer with optical fiber delays in 100 Gbps optical packet switching part. The OPCI node achieves a packet error rate less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> and is used as a node in a lab-network that has access to the Internet. A distributed automatic control works in a control plane for the circuit switching part and in a moving boundary control between optical packet resources and circuit resources. Our optical system for packet and circuit switching works with a centralized control mechanism as well as a distributed control mechanism. We have shown a packet-based SDN system that configures mapping between IP addresses and OPCI node identifiers and switching tables according to the requests from multiple service providers via a web interface.

A new parallel algorithm for route assignment in Benes-Clos network is studied. In packet switching systems, switch fabrics must be able to provide internally conflict-free paths simultaneously and to accommodate packets requesting for connections in real-time as they arrive at the inputs. Most known sequential route assignment algorithms, such as the looping algorithm for Benes (1962) networks or Clos (1953) networks, are designed for circuit switching systems where the switching configuration can be rearranged at a relatively low speed. Most existing parallel routing algorithms are not practical for packet switching because they either assume the set of connection requests is a full permutation or fail to deal with output contentions among the set of input packets. We develop a parallel routing algorithm by solving a set of Boolean equations which are derived from the connection requests and the symmetric structure of the Benes network. Our approach can handle both the partial permutations and the output contention problem easily. The time complexity of our algorithm is O(log/sup 2/N), where N is the network size. Furthermore, we extend the algorithm and show that it can be applied to the Clos network if the number of central modules is a power of two.

Current satellite systems operate according to circuit switching transfer modes. To improve flexibility and efficiency, several kinds of packet switching systems have been proposed. However, it appears that full packet switches are still considered complex and expensive, when implemented on board the satellites. For the time being, a compromise has been found in satellite networks with dynamic bandwidth allocation capabilities (DBAC). Such systems are based on classical circuit switches, but the DBAC payload allows the changing dynamically of the capacity of each connection, without the need for tearing-down and setting-up again the connection itself. In this paper we consider a DBAC satellite system and define algorithms to allocate the bandwidth so as to provide deterministic and statistical QoS guarantees. The traffic sources are regulated by standard dual leaky buckets (DLB). We define bandwidth-handling policies, design connection admission control rules and evaluate analytically the system performance. As expected, the numerical results show a significant increase of the overall utilisation factor of our system, when compared with a plain circuit-switching solution.

With the rapid development of information technology, the accuracy of hardware system performance evaluation has become increasingly important. This paper proposes a hardware system performance testing system and its methodology, innovatively integrating the neural network evaluation method with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to effectively address the complexity and uncertainty issues in the hardware system performance evaluation process. Specifically, automated testing tools are first used to collect relevant data of the hardware system, and then a neural network is trained to learn the system performance indicators. On this basis, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to conduct a comprehensive and objective performance assessment of the system. The evaluation system constructed in this paper can efficiently extract key features from massive data, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of evaluation. The proposed evaluation method not only provides a new idea for hardware system performance evaluation but also offers theoretical basis and decision-making references for the safe operation and optimization of systems in other key fields.

Performance analysis of software reliability growth models with testing-effort and change-point

We discuss the potential for automatically prioritizing accessibility issues found by automated test tools in an application, based on 'accessibility impact' to the end user. We examine three influential factors in assessing the severity of an issue: criticality of the affected component, impact of the type of issue, and mitigating effect of the application context. We describe how these factors could be quantified and combined to yield severity measures consistent with those of a human expert, illustrating with a set of accessibility issues found in a real online web task.