Useful Ruby Libraries

This chapter is a basic reference to a collection of useful Ruby libraries and RubyGems that you might want to use in your programs. We’re going to look at libraries covering a vast array of functionality, from networking and Internet access to file parsing and compression. The libraries in this chapter are in alphabetical order, and each library starts on a new page with the name as the page header for easy browsing. Below each library’s title, several subsections follow: Overview: A description of what the library does, its basic functionality, and why you would want to use it. The overview has no header, but is directly beneath the library name. Installation: Information on where the library is found, how to install it, and how to get it running on most systems. Examples: One or more examples of how to use the library that demonstrate its various elements of functionality. Example results are included too. This section can be split into multiple subsections, each containing a single example of how to use a particular branch of functionality. Further Information: Links and pointers to further information about the library, including online references and tutorials. KeywordsPlain TextStandard LibraryTemporary FileOriginal StringBase64 LibraryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This study takes a closer look at the information literacy skills of both students and faculty at Government First Grade College in Srinivasapura.The main goal is to assess how well they use information resources and services, their effectiveness in searching for and accessing information, their skills in evaluating different information sources, and their grasp of copyright and plagiarism issues.To gather data, a survey was conducted, with questionnaires sent out to 190 people, and 182 valid responses were analysed.The results show that most respondents are generally pleased with the library's collection, but they suggest improvements in digital library resources, internet access, and network-based services.This research highlights the information literacy

This study aimed to obtain accurate information about the student satisfaction level with academic library services in State Christian Religious Higher Education institutions and to evaluate the performance of each attribute service. A quantitative approach involving descriptive statistical methods was used. For data collection, a questionnaire comprising 16 statements, validated by five experts, was employed and the data were gathered from 382 students across three participating State Christian Religious Higher Education institutions. The data analysis employed descriptive statistical methods and involved the use of the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) formula and the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results showed that the percentage of overall student satisfaction level for academic library services was 66.24%, indicating students were largely content with these services. However, there was room for improvement in the performance of these services. This study identified certain service attributes such as internet accessibility, library collection, library catalog system, timeliness of library opening and closing, library staff readiness, and the speed of library staff in handling requests, which were found to provide low satisfaction levels to students. A comprehensive performance evaluation for each academic library service attribute resulted in a mapping visualized through the four quadrants of the Cartesian diagram. The management of the State Christian Religious Higher Education must develop various facilities for library operational support and also staff competencies to improve the academic library services.

Problem statement: Wired broadband Internet access can be realized using various technologies, configurations and protocols. It is widely deployed and able to provide both high data rates and high reliability. These features are of strong importance for many advanced applications. Since the number of broadband subscribers worldwide grows exponentially, the power efficiency of access networks becomes increasingly important. Approach: The aim of this study is to study power consumption of different wired broadband access technologies including both those already widely used and those which are state-of-the-art, but not yet widely deployed. For this purpose, we developed a model for evaluating energy efficiency of wired access networks. The model is presented and applied to study energy efficiency of various access networks such as Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), 1 and 10 Gbit/s point-to-point ethernet and Passive Optical Networks (1G-PON and 10G-PON). The metric for energy efficiency we used in this study is energy consumed per bit transmitted. Results: Results of the comparative study on energy efficiency of different access networks are shown and discussed. Additionally, we estimated environmental implications of different access options by means of reductions in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions caused by the electricity consumption of access network infrastructure. Conclusion: We found out that high-speed optical access technologies providing up to 10 Gbit/s per user have the potential to achieve the highest energy efficiency when assuming future broadband Internet access and broad use of advanced services and applications. However, for lower access data rates, 1G-PONs are the most energy efficient access options. Coper-based access technologies provide generally lower energy efficiency than the fiber based solutions. For transferring a large amount of data and when network equipment is switched off during its inactivity times, optical access technologies have the highest potential to reduce GHG emissions caused by the electricity consumption of access network infrastructure.

Summary The use of information and communication technology (ICT) is growing throughout society, and new products and solutions are developed at an increasing rate. To enable environmental assessment of specific ICT products and other products that rely on ICT in some way, a more complete, detailed, and up‐to‐date study based on real measurements is needed. To date, similar studies have not been readily available or fully comprehensive. This study assessed the overall operational electricity use and life‐cycle–based carbon footprint (CF) relating to ICT in Sweden, including activities not commonly addressed previously, such as shared data transport networks and data centers and manufacturing of network infrastructure. Specific, detailed inventory data are presented and used for assessment of the Internet Protocol core network, data transmission, operator activities, and access network. These specific data, in combination with secondary, more generic data for end‐user equipment, allow a comprehensive overall assessment. The majority of the ICT network CF is the result of end‐user equipment, mainly personal computers, followed by third‐party enterprise networks and data centers and then access networks. The parts closest to the user proved to be clearly responsible for the majority of the impact. The results are presented for Swedish ICT networks and for ICT networks in general based on a global average electricity mix.

With rapid development of Internet and broadband access network, the technologies of xDSL, FTTx+LAN, WLAN have more applications, new network service emerges in endless stream, especially the increase of network game, meeting TV, video on demand, etc. FTTH supports all present and future service with enormous bandwidth, including traditional telecommunication service, traditional data service and traditional TV service, and the future digital TV and VOD. With huge bandwidth of FTTH, it wins the final solution of broadband network, becomes the final goal of development of optical access network. In this paper, technique theory of EPON is introduced at first. At the same time, MAC frame structure, automatic detection and ranging of MPCP, DBA,and multi-LLID of EPON is analyzed. Then, service development ability, cost advantage and maintenance superiority based on EPON technology are carried out. At last,with Cost comparison between FTTH / FTTB building model and the traditional model, FTTB + LAN mode which is suitable for the newadding residential users in general areas and FTTN + DSL mode which is suitable for the old city and rural access network transformation are built up in detail. And FTTN + DSL project of rural information in rural areas and FTTH broadband HOUSE project on service solutions program are analyzed. comparing to the traditional access technologies, EPON technology has the obvious advantages, such as distance transmission, high or wide band, saving line resources, service abilities, etc. These are the qualities which not only be served for home users, but solve more access problems for us effectively.

The demand for protecting the enterprise network infrastructure from network security threats has shown an increase in recent years. Therefore, a security enforcement mechanism for the network is required to protect the network against the threats especially from internal. Generally, staffs and visitors that use their computer everywhere could bring a threat as it escape from the protective measures imposed by an organization. Therefore, it is necessary to secure enterprise network from being compromised by using endpoint security solution. Network Access Control (NAC) is capable to provide solution for determining the integrity of endpoints which serve as a basis for trustworthy communication. However, literature review reveals several types of NAC architecture that have been implemented by solution providers such as CISCO NAC and Microsoft NAP employs proprietary standard and the deployment method used is not comprehensive. In addition, previous architecture only complies with one of the NAC characteristic such as in-band or out-band, managed or unmanaged LAN, agent or agentless, pre-admission or postadmission and limited OS support. Hence, this study will focus on reviewing all those NAC architecture as a baseline to produce an enhanced NAC architecture which can cater for all NAC characteristics. The results shows that proposed NAC architecture which is combination of all the NAC characteristics can effectively control the network access by endpoint device. This proposed NAC architecture maybe useful as a basis for reference not only for researchers in this field but also for network administrator. It is necessary to review the NAC architecture from time to time to ensure that the security is remain intact.

In peer-to-peer (P2P) content sharing, users can share their content by contributing their own resources to one another. However, since there is no incentive for contributing contents or resources to others, users may attempt to obtain content without any contribution. To motivate users to contribute their resources to the service, incentive-rewarding mechanisms have been proposed. On the other hand, emerging wireless technologies, such as IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks, beyond third generation (B3G) cellular networks and mobile WiMAX, provide high-speed Internet access for wireless users. Using these high-speed wireless access, wireless users can use P2P services and share their content with other wireless users and with fixed users. However, this diversification of access networks makes it difficult to appropriately assign rewards to each user according to their contributions. This is because the cost necessary for contribution is different in different access networks. In this paper, we propose a novel incentive-rewarding mechanism called EMOTIVER that can assign rewards to users appropriately. The proposed mechanism uses an external evaluator and interactive learning agents. We also investigate a way of appropriately controlling rewards based on the system service's quality and managing policy.

Large-scale packet queueing and scheduling is the basis for today’s Quality of Service (QoS) in computer access networks, especially to achieve guaranteed high throughput and low latency. While highly performant fixed-function ASICs offer sufficient functionality for most data center use-cases, as of today, they cannot support all functionality required for access networks, e.g., QoS-aware packet queueing.In this poster, we present an FPGA-based architecture for network packet queueing optimized for residential and mobile Internet access networks.

With the growing interest on wireline network architectures for residential triple-play and business Ethernet services there is a renewed demand for efficient and reliable packet-based transport capabilities between the content providers and the end users. Voice and data traffic carried over a variety of access technologies is collected via technology-specific access networks (e.g., digital subscriber line [xDSL], passive optical network [xPON], and wireless fidelity [WiFi]). Metro and core networks need to aggregate the various user flows from different access network nodes and provide scalable and cost-effective distribution of various flow types (e.g., Internet access, voice, video on demand, and broadcast TV services) to the relevant service access points. Varying quality of service and resiliency requirements for these services are being reflected in a new breed of converged Ethernet and optical network elements with capabilities to interwork the bearer-planes of these two networking technologies seamlessly. Network elements based on Ethernet/Optical converged technology are able to select the most fitting mechanisms from each networking technology to meet the transport requirements for each individual service demand better while providing significantly enhanced implementation and operational efficiencies. This paper discusses network architecture models and network elements addressing these goals. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.

Medical libraries are designed to assist healthcare professionals by providing up-to-date information resources. This paper outlines the roles medical libraries play in the information-seeking behavior of health professionals. An in-depth English language literature search was conducted with different Medical Subject Headings and keywords. The search was executed in CINAHL, PubMed, LISTA and other relevant resources. Journal articles were searched and reviewed between 2000-2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set. The search results are presented using the PRISMA flowchart. In this study 354 articles were retrieved and 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results show that medical libraries and librarians have a significant role in shaping the information-seeking behavior of health professionals. The lack of professional medical librarians in certain settings, IT and Internet availability, hinder the information-seeking behavior of health professionals. Medical libraries play a significant role in addressing the information needs of health professionals by facilitating access to information literacy training and electronic information resources. University and college administrators must prioritize investments in medical library infrastructure, including personnel, physical facilities, collections and information technology.

The explosive growth of the Internet has come with increasing diversity and heterogeneity in terms of client device capability, network bandwidth, and user preferences. To date, most Web content has been designed with desktop computers in mind, and often contains rich media such as images, audio, and video. In many cases, this content is not suitable for devices like netTVs, handheld computers, personal digital assistants, and smart phones with relatively limited display capability, storage, processing power, and network access. Thus, Internet access is still constrained on these devices and there is a need to develop alternative approaches for information delivery. In this paper, we propose a framework for adaptive content delivery in heterogeneous environments. The goal is to improve content accessibility and perceived quality of service for information access under changing network and viewer conditions. The framework includes content adaptation algorithms, client capability and network bandwidth discovery methods, and a Decision Engine for determining when and how to adapt content. We describe this framework, initial system implementations based upon this framework, and the issues associated with the deployment of such systems based on different architectures.

The demand for high-speed mobile Internet services has dramatically increased. In a recent survey [1], it is revealed that Internet access is predicted to become a standard feature of future vehicles. Cellular-based access technologies, such as LTE, play a critical role in providing ubiquitous and reliable Internet access to vehicles, as the cellular infrastructure is well planned and widely available. However, as we mentioned in Chap. 1, the cellular network nowadays is already congested due to the explosive mobile data demand. Therefore, simply employing cellular networks for vehicular Internet access may worsen the congestion, and consequently degrade the performance of both non-vehicular and vehicular users.

The recent advances in computer technology and data networking have made videoconferencing system a popular medium for users to interact with one another from remote locations. This system offers communication between more than two users, who are able to interact through their webcams, microphone and other components. The use of this system has been increased recently due to many reasons, for one thing, progress in Internet access in different networks like companies, universities and houses, with the increase of available bandwidth whereas the decrease of delay in sending and receiving packets . On the other hand, the coming of Rich Internet Applications (RIA) means that a large part of web application started to be implemented on the web browsers. This paper discusses the conception of multiparty videoconferencing systems using technologies of Web 2.0. For our conceptual Videoconferencing Platform, we have developed many feature : live audio video, text chat, video recording, user and room management and quality control. Videoconferencing modules have been carried out using open source technologies Flex and J2EE.

A significant increase in the popularity of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the last few years is quite evident. At the same time, applications through Internet access in Ad Hoc Networks have evolved remarkably such as Video on Demand, VoIP, and Online Gaming. These applications will not be able to fulfill their potentials without high-speed wireless communication. For most of the cellular carriers across the globe, LTE is the de facto standard to share multimedia data in significantly less time. As LTE has already been tested as a promising candidate for high speed communication in networks like Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) [1], we have tried out the advanced version of LTE which is LTE-A in a simulated VANET environment. The notion of this paper is to evaluate the performance of multimedia transmission over LTE-A for a typical Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) using a popular simulation framework OMNET++. We use the VoIP application as a test-case for this evaluation. Results indicate that the performance of the network is impacted with respect to the number of vehicles as well as the speed of their mobility.