User Management in Information Security Engineering Environment ISEE

An investigation was carried out to enumerate the coliform bacteria (Total coliform and faecal coliform) and to detect the pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella in cultured prawn at Dumuria, Khulna region from August to October, 2011. Fifty four prawn samples were collected from eighteen prawn farms under three management conditions viz traditional, improved traditional and semi-intensive management system. The samples were analyzed in Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics laboratory of Fisheris and Marine Resource Technology Discipline at Khulna University. The average number of total coliform was observed 15.33 MPN/g, 87.00MPN/g and 355.84 MPN/g and the average faecal coliform was observed 4.83 MPN/g, 10.00 MPN/g and 22 MPN/g in semi-intensive, improved traditional and traditional management farms respectively. The TC and FC of semiintensive and improved traditional management system were within the good quality range (<100 MPN/g and 11 MPN/g) but in traditional management system it exceeded the limit. Salmonella spp. was absent both in semi- intensive and improved traditional management system but found only in traditional management system where raw cow dung, poultry faeces, raw meats were used. Bacterial loads of prawn samples were different because the management conditions were not similar and the water sources of the farms were different.

There is a relationship between biodiversity conservation and the cultural practices of indigenous and traditional peoples regarding land and resource use. To conserve biodiversity we need to understand how these cultures interact with landscapes and shape them in ways that contribute to the continued renewal of ecosystems. This article examines the significance of traditional knowledge and management systems and their implications for biodiversity conservation. We start by introducing one key traditional ecological practice, succession management, in particular through the use of fire. We then turn to the example of the indigenous use of boreal forest ecosystems of northern Canada, with a focus on the Anishnaabe (Ojibwa) of north‐western Ontario. Their traditional practices and cultural landscapes provide temporal and spatial biodiversity, and examples of the mechanisms that conserve biodiversity. Learning from traditional systems is important for broadening conservation objectives that can accommodate the sustainable livelihoods of local people. The lens of cultural landscapes provides a mechanism to understand how multiple objectives (timber production, non‐timber forest products, protected areas, tourism) are central to sustainable forest management in landscapes that conserve heritage values and support the livelihood needs of local people. The use of broader and more inclusive definitions of conservation and multiple, integrated objectives can help reconcile local livelihood needs and biodiversity conservation.

To demonstrate compliance with privacy and security principles, information technology (IT) service providers often rely on security standards and certifications. However, the appearance of new service models such as cloud computing has brought new threats to information assurance, weakening the protection that existing standards can provide. In this study, we analyze four highly regarded IT security standards used to assess, improve, and demonstrate information systems assurance and cloud security. ISO/IEC 27001, SOC 2, C5, and FedRAMP are standards adopted worldwide and constantly updated and improved since the first release of ISO in 2005. We examine their adequacy in addressing current threats to cloud security, and provide an overview of the evolution over the years of their ability to cope with threats and vulnerabilities. By comparing the standards alongside each other, we investigate their complementarity, their redundancies, and the level of protection they offer to information stored in cloud systems. We unveil vulnerabilities left unaddressed in the four frameworks, thus questioning the necessity of multiple standards to assess cloud assurance. We suggest necessary improvements to meet the security requirements made indispensable by the current threat landscape.

Traditional bug management systems, like Bugzilla, are widely used in open source and commercial projects. Stack Exchange uses its online question and answer (Q&A) platform to collect and manage bugs, which brings several new unique features that are not offered in traditional bug management systems. Users can edit bug reports, use different communication channels, and vote on bug reports, answers, and their associated comments. Understanding how these features manage bug reports can provide insights to the designers of traditional bug management systems, like whether a feature should be introduced? and how would users leverage such a feature? We performed a large-scale analysis of 19,151 bug reports of the bug management system of Stack Exchange and studied the in-place editing, the answering and commenting, and the voting features. We find that: 1) The three features are used actively. 2) 57 percent of the edits improved the quality of bug reports. 3) Commenting provides a channel for discussing bug-related information, while answering offers a channel for explaining the causes of a bug and bug-fix information. 4) Downvotes are made due to the disagreement of the reported “bug” being a real bug and the low quality of bug reports. Based on our findings, we provide suggestions for traditional bug management systems.

State of the art management products have until now focused on monitoring of resources such as networks, systems, servers and applications. Management usually does not deal with handling the complete resource life-cycle, i.e., of providing resources on-demand to application providers, matching and allocating resources to users so that application requirements are best met, providing guarantees through service level agreements, and monitoring and assuring these SLAs. Grid aims to provide seamless access to computational resources. In Grid based systems and the latest initiative of Open Grid Service Infrastructure (OGSI) [3] concepts related to discovery of network topology, allocation based on farms, monitoring towards certain goal (as specified in SLAs), and control to assure these goals are missing. However, there are parallels between grid and traditional management systems. A grid just like traditional management systems is comprised of grid nodes each of which manages a group of resources. The management+ [1] system that we propose, will be able to manage the complete life-cycle of resources assigned to applications, provided, Grid technologies are used for reserving, allocating, and handing over resources to applications and traditional management functionalities are incorporated that deal with monitoring and control.A management+ system will be comprised of grid nodes that communicate with each other to coordinate the tasks of resource allocation and management. The management+ system may be used for managing a resource pool inside the enterprise or spanning multiple enterprises. In order to do so, the management+ system needs capabilities to discover the resources so as to create a resource pool, maintain & model the resource information, be able to provide resources to application providers on receiving requests, be able to provide guarantees as agreed upon through Service-Level Agreements, and by monitoring and assuring them. This poses the following requirements for the management+ system: Resource Discovery: Under the realm of each grid node are collections of resources that are allocatable and manageable by that grid node, that need to be registered and discovered. The registration information may be maintained in a central repository that may be LDAP based (as in traditional Grid) or in a UDDI based registry. The other approach is to let each of the grid nodes manage their own repository, but to have protocols similar to p-2-p systems for searching resources amongst grid nodes. Resource Modeling: Resources that are managed by the grid or those even within a grid node are heterogeneous in nature. They are of different types, potentially distributed in different geographic locations and administrative domains (e.g., consolidated in racks vs. located on desktops). Modeling is therefore an important task for the management+ system. A relevant resource model is CIM. Requesting Resources and Guarantees: Application providers need to specify their requests to the management+ system in some form. The specification of the request may be done in terms of application level metrics (e.g. throughput, transactions/sec) or at a low-level, an enhanced RSL may be used. The guarantees may be provided in terms of reliability, availability, security, timeliness through SLA[5]. Resource Allocation and Deployment: Resource requests are sent to the management+ system that then undertakes resource reservation, allocation and deployment. Resource reservation is done when the resources are not immediately required. The management+ system has to keep a note of all the competing reservations and of ensuring that the resource pool is being properly utilized. As the reservations become current, requests for resources are satisfied through match-making [3]. Monitoring Guarantees: Traditionally, applications are installed and operated on a fixed set of associated, physical hardware. In management+ system, resources virtualize the physical hardware. This virtualization provides the capability of transparently switching the physical hardware (in case of degradations/failures) while maintaining the transparency of a continually running application. The metrics specified on the resources in SLAs have to be monitored and aggregated into higher-level metrics that business manager(s) may relate to. Assuring Guarantees: Once the SLA violations are detected, it is important for the management+ system to take corrective actions. Analysis tools are employed to analyze the violation data so as to decide on corrective action(s). The corrective action may range from taking one of the control actions like fail-over, reboot/rejuvenation of the resources to transparently switching the failed resources with new set of resources out of the resource pool. These new resources are obtained through the same resource allocation and deployment mechanisms as discussed earlier. This may enable closed-loop management.KeywordsCorrective ActionGrid NodeService Level AgreementResource PoolResource ReservationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Ethnoecology, gathering techniques and traditional management of the crab Ucides cordatus Linnaeus, 1763 in a mangrove forest in south-eastern Brazil

Eighteen (18) lactating she-camels and two mature male for mating were used to determine the effect of Management System on camel calving interval, The camels were maintained under semi-intensive (N = 9) and Traditional management system (N = 9) in North Kordofan State, western Sudan. The experimental females in each group kept together with the bull during 18 months. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein since 4-months post-partum and continue 14 successive months at monthly interval. The serum samples were separated and stored at -20°C and were analysed for progesterone concentration using progesterone specific radio immuno assay (RIA) kits. The results indicated that under semi-intensive system 77.8% of females had been pregnant in 5th - 8th month post-partum and the calving interval varying between 17 to 20 months. Under traditional system and during the experimental period 44.5% of females were pregnant in the 11th – 16th month and the calving interval varying between 23 to 28 months. The ratios of pregnant vs non-pregnant during experimental period in semi-intensive and traditional were 88.9% vs 11.1% and 44.5% vs 55.5%, respectively. Beside the behavioural signs progesterone level consider a good indicator for pregnancy in camels. In pregnant females Progesterone concentration increased significantly during early months. The range of Progesterone concentration varied between 1.10 – 5.76 ng/ml and 0.67 – 2.53 ng/ml in semi-intensive and traditional system, respectively. Our results allow quantifying this impact. With a supplemented diet including 2 Kg of concentrates and 5 kg of roughages per day, the fertility rate will be improved of 67%. It would be possible to expect more than two fold young camels in a year by supplemented 5 kg of concentrates. We conclude that under semi-intensive management dietary supplement during post-partum and early lactation period improves reproductive parameters for instance shortened calving interval.

The study was performed on a total of one hundred and nineteen apparently healthy mallards, reared under the traditional extensive management system with the aim of establishing the base-line values of packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP) and whole blood coagulation time (WBCT) of these birds in Funtua, North Central region of Nigeria. The overall mean values for PCV, Hb, TP and WBCT were 40.12  0.58%, 13.37  0.20g %, 6.60  0.21g/dl and 3.60  0.13 min, respectively. Although the mean values of 41.46  0.78%, 13.82  0.26g % and 3.70  0.20 min obtained for PCV, Hb and WBCT, respectively in the male were higher than the corresponding values of 39.00  0.83%, 13.00  0.28g % and 3.52  0.17 min recorded for the female, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between these values. On the other hand, the mean value of 7.83  0.28g/dl obtained for TP in the female was significantly higher (P 0.05). On the other hand, the correlation coefficient between the TP and WBCT was positive, but insignificant (r = 0.121, P>0.05). It was concluded that this study has provided for the first time the base-line values for PCV, Hb, TP and WBCT of the mallard, reared under the traditional extensive management system in Funtua, North Central region of Nigeria. It is hoped that the results obtained from this study will give insight into using blood parameters to develop efficient comprehensive herd-health management programme for prophylaxis and therapy of poultry diseases, especially those involving circulatory disturbances in this part of the country. Keywords : Blood coagulation, Mallard, Haematology Nigerian Veterinary Journal Vol. 28 (1) 2007 pp. 14-20

Study of matching model between tariff package and user behavior

Blue carbon refers to the considerable amounts of carbon sequestered by mangroves, seagrass beds, tidal marshes and other coastal and marine vegetated ecosystems. At the present time, carbon market mechanisms to compensate those conserving blue carbon ecosystems, and thus reducing carbon emissions, are not yet in place. The ecosystem services provided by coastal vegetated ecosystems extend beyond their carbon storage capacity, and include their contribution to fishery production; shoreline protection; provision of habitat for wildlife and migratory species; flood water attenuation; nutrient cycling, pollution buffering; as well as their cultural, spiritual, subsistence and recreational uses. Because these services are of high economic, social and cultural value, the management and protection of blue carbon ecosystems could build collaboration between climate change and biodiversity practitioners on the national and international level. Such collaboration would also allow for the transfer of lessons learned from coastal management and conservation activities to carbon mitigation projects, and would include the need to work closely together with indigenous peoples and local communities. Resulting management activities on the local level could utilize and strengthen traditional knowledge and management systems related to blue carbon ecosystems, and increase both the resilience of biodiversity and that of coastal communities, as well as provide for long-term storage of blue carbon. While the challenge of scaling up local initiatives remains, some concrete examples already exist, such as the network of locally-managed marine areas (LMMAs) in the Pacific and beyond.

Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international literature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the development of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to interpret and respond to feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on feedback learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.

In traditional computer information management system, the management process takes a lot of energy. In order to solve this problem, a new computer information management system was studied based on big data technology, and the hardware and software parts of the system were designed. The hardware part focused on the design of the microprocessor, CCS integrated environment, collector and circuit, software setting information collection, information analysis, and information output. In order to test the actual working effect of the design system and compare it with the traditional system, a comparative experiment was set up. According to the experimental results, the computer information management system designed was characterized by low energy consumption, good management effect, and good market development space in the management process.

Pineapple is one of the most appreciated fruit by Brazilian’s consumers. Despite its extensive production in Northeastern Brazil, trade has been limited to the domestic market mostly because current production systems do not meet the required safety standard for international markets. The Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) system has been used as a tool that provides further assurance that produce meets the highest health and safety standards. The objective of this work was to evaluate microbial quality aspects of Perola pineapple harvested in the maturity stage green, grown under GAP and traditional management systems in the Santa Rita County, Paraiba State, Brazil. The experimental design was the completely randomized, with three replications of 12 fruits/production system, each harvest period. Total coliform counts were significantly lower (P>0.05) for pineapple grown under GAP as compared with fruit from conventional management system. No fecal coliform, Salmonella or Staphylococcus aureus were detected in pineapple produced under GAP system; however mold and yeast counts did not differ between treatments. Collectively the results lead to conclusion that pineapple grown under GAP system showed superior microbial quality as compared with fruits grown under traditional system, probable due to rational use operational and of agricultural resources.

With the development of integrated energy systems (IES) and smart home systems (SHS), it is very important to effectively grasp the energy consumption behavior and habits of thermal users for the optimal allocation and utilization of energy. However, The energy consumption behavior has the characteristics of randomness and autonomy. Traditional game methods and optimization methods assume that players are rational, which is contrary to the actual situation. To this end, this paper presents a dynamic analysis model to analyze comprehensive energy consumption behavior of residential users based on the evolutionary game theory (EGT), and classifies the terminal user loads according to their energy demand and energy carrier units characteristics, and constructs a cost/payoff model. In the proposed model, the user updates the energy consumption strategy continuously through the revision protocol, and the dynamic process of the user energy consumption strategies is studied by solving the mean dynamic function. And we propose an algorithm based on EGT. The simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed method.

As the Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionizes intelligent environments, energy efficiency remains a critical challenge. Traditional IoT-based energy management systems rely on predefined rule-based automation, which lacks adaptability to dynamic environmental conditions. This study proposes an Agentic AIoT system that integrates AI Agents, Large Language Models (LLMs), and Digital Twin technology to enhance IoT decision-making and optimize energy consumption in smart homes. Unlike conventional IoT frameworks, our system dynamically analyzes contextual factors—including real-time environmental conditions, user behaviors, and external data sources (e.g., weather forecasts and occupancy schedules)—to generate optimal energy-saving decisions autonomously. The proposed system consists of three key components: (1) Information Modules, which aggregate multi-source data beyond traditional IoT sensor inputs and construct a Digital Twin model for real-time environment simulation; (2) AI Agents & LLMs, which process contextual data and generate adaptive energy-saving strategies through intelligent reasoning; and (3) Automated Decision Execution, which seamlessly integrates optimized actions into IoT operations. By incorporating Digital Twin technology, the system can simulate various energy consumption scenarios, predict future power demands, and refine decision-making through AI-driven iterative learning. Experimental results demonstrate that our AIoT system achieves a 47.77% reduction in energy consumption compared to non-IoT environments while enhancing automation, adaptability, and user-centric control. Unlike conventional rule-based IoT solutions, integrating Digital Twin with LLM-powered AI Agents enables real-time context-aware decision-making and predictive energy optimization. This study contributes to intelligent IoT applications, Digital Twin-driven energy management, and AI-enhanced automation. Future research will focus on refining AI-driven autonomous decision-making, improving Digital Twin’s predictive accuracy, and further quantifying the impact of LLM-powered AIoT systems on energy efficiency. Our findings highlight the trans-formative potential of LLM-integrated AIoT with Digital Twin technology in revolutionizing energy management for intelligent environments while ensuring seamless interoperability with existing IoT infrastructures.