Using a digital library instead of a traditional database

No abstract available.

Dear Sir, The review (Program, Oct. 1977) of the report by Groenewegen and MarsHall ‘optical character recognition: the use of OCR techniques in decentralized data collection for bibliographic information systems’ somewhat misses both the point and the outcome of the investigation. Indeed, one might be led tobelieve that the difficulties encountered outweighed the benefits of the technique in the environment under consideration. The reverse is true. The investigators found that ‘the results have shown the feasibility of using OCR as a relatively simple technique for the preparation of input to computerised bibliographic information systems on a decentralized basis by countries that do not have the facility for preparing magnetic tape input. The main consideration is that centres preparing input should have access to sound equipment and the correct materials. However, the experiment showed that even flawed input could be processed and corrected very quickly and at a fraction of what it would cost to punch the input centrally’ (page 45).

Research project selection is an important task for government and private research funding agencies. When a large number of research proposals are received, it is common to group them according to their similarities in research disciplines. The grouped proposals are then assigned to the appropriate experts for peer review. Current methods for grouping proposals are based on manual matching of similar research discipline areas and/or keywords. However, the exact research discipline areas of the proposals cannot often be accurately designated by the applicants due to their subjective views and possible misinterpretations. Therefore, rich information in the proposals' full text can be used effectively. Text-mining methods have been proposed to solve the problem by automatically classifying text documents, mainly in English. However, these methods have limitations when dealing with non-English language texts, e.g., Chinese research proposals. This paper presents a novel ontology-based text-mining approach to cluster research proposals based on their similarities in research areas. The method is efficient and effective for clustering research proposals with both English and Chinese texts. The method also includes an optimization model that considers applicants' characteristics for balancing proposals by geographical regions. The proposed method is tested and validated based on the selection process at the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The results can also be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of research project selection processes in other government and private research funding agencies.

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the critical success factors of the continued usage of digital library (DL) successful implementation from the perspective of users with organisation support factors as key antecedents.Design/methodology/approachBased on the extensive literature review, this study has constructed a conceptual framework based on organisational support perspectives and updated Delone and McLean’s information system success model. A pilot study was carried out on a sample of 105 respondents from military-context. A survey instrument including 22 measurement items was designed to identify the level of DL information system (IS) successful implementation practices in military context. Descriptive statistical analysis and reliability analysis were used to analyse the data with SPSS software.FindingsThe findings indicate that training and education, DL environment and communication support, continuation of usage intention, net benefits and user satisfaction are the critical success factors that play key role in ensuring the continued usage DL successful implementation in military context. The military-context DL needs to obtain critical success factors of DL practices implementation to sustain its continued usage, particularly for the active users of its members.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only considered the military personnel who have visited the five main military libraries. For practical implications, the development of instruments in this study may be valuable tools to evaluate DL in other DL settings in Malaysian context other than academic settings.Originality/valueThis study makes a new contribution to DL IS successful implementation practices in military context. This study also provides important information for decision-makers involved in DL IS successful implementation practices and provides useful reference for future researchers in this research area.

PurposeWith the shift to an information-based society and to the de-centralisation of information, information overload has attracted a growing interest in the computer and information science research communities. However, there is no clear understanding of the meaning of the term, and while there have been many proposed definitions, there is no consensus. The goal of this work was to define the concept of “information overload”. In order to do so, a concept analysis using Rodgers' approach was performed.Design/methodology/approachA concept analysis using Rodgers' approach based on a corpus of documents published between 2010 and September 2020 was conducted. One surrogate for “information overload”, which is “cognitive overload” was identified. The corpus of documents consisted of 151 documents for information overload and ten for cognitive overload. All documents were from the fields of computer science and information science, and were retrieved from three databases: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, SCOPUS and Library and Information Science s (LISA).FindingsThe themes identified from the authors’ concept analysis allowed us to extract the triggers, manifestations and consequences of information overload. They found triggers related to information characteristics, information need, the working environment, the cognitive abilities of individuals and the information environment. In terms of manifestations, they found that information overload manifests itself both emotionally and cognitively. The consequences of information overload were both internal and external. These findings allowed them to provide a definition of information overload.Originality/valueThrough the authors’ concept analysis, they were able to clarify the components of information overload and provide a definition of the concept.

To meet the challenges of the electronic library, technical services staff members must be able to articulate the value they add to the institution—not only in the realm of the library's bibliographic database but also in the larger context of building an organizational framework for electronic information and services. Technical services departments must be willing to re‐engineer processing activities and equip their staffs with both the hardware and the skills needed to meet these challenges. In Mann Library, the digital or electronic library is being built upon the traditional infrastructure of the library. Responsibilities related to selecting, acquiring, describing, and servicing networked information are mainstreamed into the operations of the library. This article describes three projects that illustrate the range of activities in which technical services staff are engaged. In these projects, technical services staff have been called upon to provide an organizational framework for numeric, full‐text, and bibliographic information.

There are more than 6,000 bibliographic styles around the world. The most common academic writing and citation styles have emerged since the beginning of the 20th century. Chicago style (The Chicago Manual of Style, CMOS, CMS) was introduced by the University of Chicago in 1906, and its 17th edition was released in 2017. The APA style (The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, APA) was published in 1952, and the 7th edition was released in 2019. Most university students in Turkey cannot be fully taught how to use one of the citation styles, such as Chicago and APA. When master's and doctoral theses completed in Turkey are examined in terms of compliance with citation formats, it is seen that most theses are not written in these formats. However, it is considered necessary to be used in thesis writing guides. The same is true for academic publications in the types of articles and books written by faculty members. Few academic books in Turkey are published in accordance with these styles. While some Institutes or publishers require academic works to be written in Chicago, APA, or other citation styles, it is clear that these styles are not generally taught to students. Several reasons can be listed for this result. Styles such as Chicago and APA and academic publications, which were written in English, have been prepared as guidelines. Turkish students or academics can access the full texts of these styles in English either by purchasing the book format or by subscribing to the electronic versions of these styles by their universities. These two access options are not common in our country, as they require payment of a fee. If there are Turkish translations of styles such as Chicago and APA, using them is also an option. For example, it is possible to obtain the Turkish translation of the 6th edition, the old version of the APA, in PDF format free of charge. However, even translations of older editions of other citation styles are sold as commercial products and are not freely available. The information in styles such as Chicago and APA is updated, and new editions are made available over time. The current version of the APA, the 7th edition, was published in English with 428 pages in 2019, and the 17th edition of Chicago was published in 2017 with 1144 pages in English. As of August 2022, they do not have Turkish translations. Even if they are translated into Turkish, students can only access their full texts by purchasing them. Researchers who submit their work to an institute or journal that requests the use of Chicago and APA styles usually prepare their studies by looking at the examples of one of the different editions they find on the internet. In this case, researchers are often unaware of which editions of Chicago style, which has 17 editions, or APA, which has seven editions, they are looking at. If universities require styles such as Chicago or APA for dissertation writing, Turkish universities should subscribe to them and make them freely available to their students, as do European and US universities. However, access to their English texts will not be a complete solution. These styles, prepared to write academic texts in English, will need to be translated into Turkish and made available to students. Whenever these styles are available to students and researchers in full text, awareness will increase that Chicago and APA styles do not only contain 3-5 pages of information on footnote and bibliography. These styles contain all the basic information students and researchers should know about academic research and writing. This is why APA's English has 428 pages and Chicago style has 1144 pages. The styles, such as Chicago and APA, cannot be learned correctly by students in Turkey due to the difficulty of accessing the full English texts of these styles and the Turkish translations of the current editions. Thus, supervisors, editors, and publishers, who have to check and correct Turkish academic texts, face many negative consequences. Due to the lack of knowledge of academic writing and citation, academic ethical violations can be made by students and researchers unintentionally. To eliminate all these negativities, the ISNAD Citation System was developed with the project support of Sivas Cumhuriyet University in 2018. ISNAD is a Turkey-based academic writing and citation system developed in Turkish for use in academic studies. It will also be effective in preventing ethical violations if students learn how to conduct scientific research and cite sources correctly from a system written in Turkish in their mother tongue. To achieve this result, it is necessary to provide students with an accessible style where they can learn academic research and writing. The ISNAD Citation System has been prepared and used for this purpose. Access to the full text and web version of ISNAD is completely free. English, Arabic, and Persian translations of ISNAD are also available free of charge. It will also be translated into Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and other Turkish languages. ISNAD can also be used with Citation management software such as Zotero, EndNote, and Citavi. Seminars are held free of charge, and lecture videos are broadcast on ISNAD Academy TV to popularize the use of ISNAD and learn how to use it with academic writing tools. User support is also provided to students 24/7 via the ISNAD website. Universities, publishers, and researchers can use ISNAD free of charge, which is offered with an open-access license. As of August 2022, 37 universities and 136 peer-reviewed journals are using ISNAD. ISNAD is more accessible to students and easier to learn. Citation styles differ according to the discipline. Disciplines that use up-to-date quantitative data such as questionnaires and interviews prefer to cite (in-text system/Author-Date) by specifying the publication date immediately after the author's surname. The branches of science trying to reach the oldest written sources, such as manuscripts, archival documents, and classical Works, cite the source name after the author's name (system with footnotes/Author-Title). ISNAD has both in-text and footnote versions. However, in the academic texts written in both versions, the works are written in the same order and format in the bibliography. Therefore, ISNAD is suitable for all branches of science. Preparing the bibliography in a single format allows the bibliography data to be presented as “clean data.” Accepting ISNAD as a reference system by universities and journals will also contribute to the standardization of academic writing. Thus, "clean metadata" will be provided to academic databases and indexes using bibliographic data. Currently, the metadata of academic publications based in Turkey is not very qualified and not visible enough from abroad. In reaching the goal of adopting Turkish as the language of science, it is already necessary to have a citation style developed in Turkish. ISNAD will continue to update itself with the opinions and suggestions of students and academicians and will remain open public at no charge.

Connecting Art and Science: How Far Have We Come?

The importance for tuberculosis of mitigating economic crises

This paper presents an approach of two-way data exchange between the citation content analysis, provided by the Cirtec project, and the big research digital library Socionet. Many papers in Socionet have citation relationships with other papers and also linkages with authors’ personal profiles and through them with other information objects. It allows making an enrichment of data for the citation content analysis by different additional information and, as well, linking results of such analysis with objects in a digital library, like papers, their authors, affiliation organizations, etc. We discuss what numeric and qualitative indicators can be built by citation content analysis based on the Cirtec open citation data. Since these indicators have IDs related with digital library objects, they can be integrated and visualized as computer-generated annotations to papers’ full texts in PDF.

The modern knowledge economy has transformed library and information organizations to adopt and embrace digital social media platforms. Proliferation and growth of social media and social networking technologies continue to play pivotal roles in establishment and operation of digital library and information systems in organizations. The purpose of the chapter is to examine the extent to which information professionals and practitioners understand the impact of social media and social networking technologies on digital library and information systems. The author also analyzes how information professionals manage and promote the adherence to copyright and intellectual property laws in digital library contexts. This chapter specifically discusses the rationale for social media and social networking in digital library and information systems; emerging social media platforms and their applications; legal aspects of social media, copyright and intellectual property protection, and risk management; as well as professional ethics and guidance on social media.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to execute the application of confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modeling, to investigate the reliability and validity of the proposed integrated digital library user success (IDLUS) scale in academic digital library computing information system in the area of information management and systems.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzed 355 valid responses (MPhil and PhD) from the largest and oldest public sector university in Pakistan. Sample selection was calculated through a stratified random sampling technique from the four faculties of the University of the Punjab. The instrument was constructed based on the available two digital library and information system success models. The first model is Jung’s (1997) digital library user success model that is further composed of flow model (1977), end user computing satisfaction model (1987) and Joshi’s overall user satisfaction model (1990). Similarly, the second model is DeLone and McLean’s reformulated information system success (2003) theory. The question items used a five-point Likert scale and executed regression weights, standardized regression weights, convergent validity, variance extracted, construct reliability and discriminant validity to infer results.FindingsFindings show that the IDLUS scale has excellent validity and reliability estimates.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has theoretical implications for researchers and practical implications for information system developers.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this scale is the first-ever effort to measure the digital library user success in the context of Higher Education Commission-National Digital Library of Pakistan. Therefore, there was a dire need to conduct the psychometric analysis of the scale to examine the model fit statistics on the current sample in the particular cultural norms. Scale is based upon human factors taken from various Web success and information system success models from the fields of human–computer interaction information systems and computer-mediated communication.

How users meet infrastructure is a key practical, methodological challenge for digital library design. This article presents research conducted by the Social Science Team of the federally funded Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI) project at the University of Illinois. Data were collected from potential and actual users of the DLI testbed—containing the full text of journal articles—through focus groups, interviews and observations, usability testing, user registration and transaction logging, and user surveys. Basic results on nature and extent of testbed use are presented, followed by a discussion of three analytical foci relating to digital library use as a process of assemblage: document disaggregation and reaggregation; information convergence; and the manner in which users confront new genres and technical barriers in information systems. The article also highlights several important methodological and conceptual issues that frame research on social aspects of digital library use.

We present here the research work on data mining technologies for complicated attributes relationship in digital library collections. Firstly our work and ideology is introduced as the research ba ckground of this paper. Digital library evaluation is an important topic in information systems domain. We creatively import data mining technologies into it to get an intelligent decision support. But traditional data prediction algorithm didn't work well. This is the problem which would be solved in this paper. Secondly related preliminary research is introduced. We researched on attributes of digital library collections, proposed a parallel discretization algorithm based on z-score theory, and by the discretization algorithm disc overed a complicated condition attribute relation among attributes, it is the reason why traditional data prediction algorithm didn't wor k well. At last a stratified decision tree algorithm for value prediction about digital collection is put forward as the ultimate solution to solve the problem. Stratified attribute concept is imported in this algorithm. It can expand the selection of splitting attribute in decis ion tree from flat information to stereoscopic information, eliminate the influence of complicated condition attribute relationsh ip, nested use existing decision tree algorithms, and solve the bottleneck of data mining application in digital library evaluation.

Digital libraries contains enormous digital resource, which has become important Web application architecture. The data of digital libraries are enormous, heterogeneous, dynamic and semi-structured. It is hotspot of digital libraries how to implement representation and query of the heterogeneous information and to provide intelligent services to users. Digital libraries aim at integration and share of information to provide users integrated retrieval services. The resources of digital libraries are often semi-structured data and have metadata to descript them. RDF can support representation and exchange of metadata, so it can be used as data representation specification in integrated information retrieval system of digital libraries. A demonstrative query language with predicate logic, query based on RDF and RDFS (Query-RB) was proposed in this paper. We sketch syntax and grammar of Query-RB with BNF. RB-Query has characteristic of semantic mapping, logic comprehending and combining of schema with data querying, so it is an effective query mechanism for IIR of digital libraries.