Using object-oriented techniques for integrated network management modeling

In 1988, SC21, the ISO committee responsible for the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model, determined that it was time to undertake revising ISO 7498-1, The Basic OSI Reference Model. Since the model had been published in 1984, this was in accordance with ISO practice of reviewing and revising standards every five years, and there was good reason for considering the task. Over the intervening five years, the groups developing the OSI protocols had raised many questions about the architecture and these had been answered and documented in the Approved Commentaries [1994]. Many of these commentaries contained information that could be usefully incorporated into the Reference Model itself. In addition, the addendum describing connectionless mode, i.e. datagrams, had been completed several years before and needed to be incorporated. There was also considerable demand for interworking connection-mode and connectionless mode communication, something not supported by the Reference Model or any architecture. Also, when the original version of the Reference Model was frozen about 1983 some aspects of OSI such as the upper layers were not well understood and were only described in the most cursory manner. And while connection-mode and connectionless mode had been brought within OSI, there was no indication as to how broadcast and multicast were to be handled. Thus, the revision might be able to provide a more comprehensive description of these areas.This paper describes how the revision was carried out, describes the changes and additions that were made, considers the effect and contribution this revision has made to our understanding, and describes the outstanding issues that were not addressed by this revision.

The Department of Defense has embarked on a Protocol Standardization Program aimed at the development of high-level protocol standards for the DoD internetwork environment. A major piece of this standardization program involves the development of the "DoD Protocol Reference Model" [1], which will serve to describe a basic framework for future DoD protocol standardization activities. The DoD Reference Model is in many respects similar to the ISO Reference Model [2]; in other respects, there are major differences between the two models. This paper discusses the issues faced during the development of the current draft of the DoD Reference Model. There are four fundamental differences between the DoD and ISO Reference Models: (1) the meaning of "layer"; (2) the importance of internetworking; (3) the utility of connectionless services; and (4) the approach to management functions. It has been found that well-designed computer networks have their protocols organized hierarchically. By this we mean that one protocol interpreter provides a communications service to its users by adding value to the services provided by one or more other protocols; and "good engineering practice" dictates that at no point should one protocol be implicitly using its own services, i.e. the protocols form a hierarchy. Within the ISO Model, however, this requirement for protocol hierarchies is strengthened into a requirement that protocols fit into "layers". This is the origin of a major disagreement between the ISO and DoD Reference Models. Within the ISO Model, the concept of layer has become of paramount importance, overshadowing the more fundamental notion of protocol hierarchy. Good protocol engineering does not require that protocols fit into layers; it is only required that protocols be arranged hierarchically. This latter principle is the basis of the DoD Reference Model. The second fundamental difference between the ISO and DoD Models is the relative importance given to the problems of internetworking. This is most easily seen by considering that the DoD Reference Model has explicitly identified an "Internet Layer". Although many efforts based on the ISO work are now taking the Network Layer to include an Internet Sublayer, this seems to confuse rather than clarify the issue (since it raises questions as to the meaning of sublayers). It is also difficult to correctly present the DoD approach to internetting within the confines of the ISO Model due to the ISO Model's lack of emphasis on "connectionless" services. This is the third of the fundamental differences between the two models. The primary use of connectionless service within the DoD architecture is for internetting - IP [3] being the paradigm. However, connectionless services are of great utility in other contexts as well. For example, interactions with a Name Server may involve the use of a connectionless protocol within the Transport Layer. The final fundamental difference between the ISO and the DoD Models is the manner in which various management - related functions are treated. Here we refer to functions such as the naming of resources, the control of access to resources, and the accounting for resource and network usage. Many of these functions are most naturally handled via connectionless services, they typically involve entities which are only involved at the initiation or termination of a sequence of data transfers, and many communicants may be involved besides the "users". The DoD Model identifies such protocols as typical of " session" services. Such protocols are placed within the session layer by virtue of their use of " transport layer" services and their common features. Of course, there will be many protocols defined which sit at other locations within the protocol architecture which may play a role in the management of the network and of network resources. It is not implied that all such protocols are most appropriately defined as "session" protocols. These are the differences between the two developing Models which are currently identified. Both Models will continue to evolve, most likely in directions which differ in important respects.

This paper presents IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA) by reference to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) provisional model and discusses the use of IBM SNA networks to facilitate transportation of end user information including the upper layer Control function of the OSI reference model.

Power communication integrated network management system plays a significant role in the planning, design and maintenance of the whole power communication network. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the current power communication network and the corresponding integrated network management system, and improves the design of the existing power communication network integrated network management according to Sdn. This network management system can be used as a supplementary system for the current power system integrated network management function, realizes the global visualization of the power communication network, and provides a strong support for the operation and maintenance of the power communication network. The test running environment is built in the laboratory to realize the mapping of physical route and logical link. The preliminary verification test of the new network management system based on openflow technology is carried out, and the key design methods and ideas of the system are given.

Presently, integrated network management systems are being developed based on the open systems interconnection (OSI) management standards to manage information networks under the multivendor environment in an integrated manner. In this paper, an optimal scope-patterns decision method for efficient OSI management operation is proposed. The scope patterns are common management information service (CMIS) operational range specifications based on the containment relationship between managed objects. The motivation for this study is to improve human interfaces for network management systems by providing a translating function for operator-specified operational ranges based on various kinds of relationships into CMIS scope patterns. The proposed method provides the ability to translate automatically operator-specified operational ranges based on any kind of relationship into possible CMIS scope-pattern candidates and the ability to define optimal scope patterns for minimizing invoked operations by solving an integer programming problem using a fast computing approximate algorithm. Thus, network management operators can achieve user-friendly human-machine interaction and efficient management operation.

Problem setting. In the modern information society, the Internet is a special information space in which classical forms of interaction are replaced by electronic ones, penetrating into activities of the state, society and citizen in all spheres. In this regard, there is a need to regulate the operation of the Internet and the relation- ships that arise with its help. In the legal science there is still no single approach to the definition of the concept of There is no unity in the question of what exactly is subject to legal regulation (the technical compo- nent of the Internet or the social relations that develop with its help) and to what extent. Target of research is the definition of the main problems of the legal regulation of the Internet, the analysis of international experience in network management and the degree of its implementation in the national legislation of Ukraine.Article's main body. One of the main problems in regulating the Internet is the difference in approaches to the definition of the Internet. Some authors define it as a technological network, others define it as a special cyberspace. Analysis of international and European experience in Internet governance shows that in most of the regulation the technical component of the Internet network lends itself. To this end, international organiza- tions have been set up and are working to develop standards and rules for the technical functioning of the network. Settlement of social and interpersonal relations, which are formed with the help of the Internet, turned out to be much more complicated. It is necessary to balance the freedom and security of all its participants.Conclusions and prospects for the development. State regulation of the network should be carried out taking into account the interests of all stakeholders in legal relations. Internet network management should occur on the principle of distribution of appropriate powers between state bodies and public organizations. This will avoid monopolizing the technical resources of the network, excessive censorship of content, access to databases.

The 2nd IEEE Workshop on Autonomic Communications and Network Management (ACNM 2008, http://www.nw.neclab.eu/acnm08) was held in Salvador-Brazil, April 11, 2008 in conjunction with the IEEE/IFIP Network Operations & Management Symposium (NOMS 2008). It followed the success of the previous meeting, ACNM 2007 (http://www.nw.neclab.eu/acnm07), held in Munich together with the IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2007). The purpose of ACNM 2008 was to present and to discuss new theories, mechanisms, and applications of Autonomic Communication—a new paradigm for forthcoming networks—in the fixed as well as the mobile worlds. The focus of ACNM is on intelligent communication, network control and management paradigms based on smart network and service elements that are capable of automatically configuring and organizing themselves. Autonomic networks will be able to sense their environment to perceive changes, to understand the meaning of these changes, and to react in an intelligent manner

The authors describe work aimed at developing a network management system to monitor, analyze, and manage the interactions between a network agent connected to an OSI (open systems interconnection) network and the OSI resources that are used by the agent. The results of the analysis are presented in a suitable format with complementary comments to aid the network manager in verifying the results obtained. In the experimental systems, all the parameters associated with the ISO stack (procedures) are readily accessible by the LCMISE (local common management information service element) (procedures). Thus, as the FTAM (file transfer access and management) client and server processes communicate through the ISO stack, operational parameters relating to the latter can be accessed or changed by the network manager via the NMAP (network manager application process), CMISE, and CMIP (common management information protocol). >

The research objective of our work is to develop a SNMP MIB to XML translation algorithm and to implement an SNMP‐XML gateway using this algorithm. The gateway is used to transfer management information between an XML‐based manager and SNMP‐based agents. SNMP is widely used for Internet management, but SNMP is insufficient to manage continuously expanding networks because of constraints in scalability and efficiency. XML–based network management architectures are newly proposed as alternatives to SNMP‐based network management, but the XML‐based Network Management System (XML‐based NMS) cannot directly manage legacy SNMP agents. We also implemented an automatic specification translator (SNMP MIB to XML Translator) and an SNMP‐XML gateway. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.

Chapter 7 - Domain 7: Telecommunications and Network Security

Reconfigurable architectures are important elements on the design of software radios. Nowadays, diverse platforms are being developed to support multiple tasks; these platforms are designed specially for the different layers of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model. Specifically, the security architectures described in the MAC sublayer should be evaluated, which are based on cryptographic algorithms that require high computational costs. In this work, two proposed AES-CCM hardware architectures for the IEEE 802.11i-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 standards are implemented in diverse FPGA devices to examine implementation costs and performance evaluation. The results presented in this work will be used for designing and developing a reconfigurable platform with software-radio applications, which will include the high-performance AES-CCM hardware architectures meeting the specifications of the IEEE 802.11i-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 standards.

Existing protocols for high-speed local area networks (HSLANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs) are dealt with from an implementation standpoint. Emphasis is put on the lowest layers of the ISO OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model, i.e. the physical layer and media access control sublayer of the data-link layer. Seven representative state-of-the-art HSLAN and MAN media-access protocols are surveyed and classified, and implementations of these protocols that are used in prototype and commercial networks are analyzed. The complexity, technology, and performance of the implementation are described and compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Most of the frequency spectrum bands have already been licensed, and the licensed spectrum is not being utilized efficiently. Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are the kind of full duplex radio that automatically altered its transmission or reception parameters, in such a way that the entire wireless communication network of which it is a node communicates efficiently, while avoiding interference with primary or secondary users. In this chapter, the authors introduce the concept of security threats that may pose a serious attack in CRN. Due to the unique characteristics of CRN, such network is highly vulnerable to security attacks compared to wireless network or infrastructure-based wireless network. The main objective of this chapter is to assist CR designers and the CR application engineers to consider the security factors in the early development stage of CR techniques. Challenges and various security issues are explored with respect to OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model. Various possible and attacks are discussed broadly and respective solutions are also proposed by this chapter. Different architectures and models are also explained, and compared with the existing models.

Understanding the collective behaviour of packets traffic in data networks is of vital importance for their future developments. Some aspects of this behaviour can be captured and investigated by simplified models of data networks. We present our CA like model describing processes taking place at the Network Layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model. We use this model to study spatio-temporal packets traffic dynamics for various routing algorithms and traffic loads presented to the network. We investigate how additional links, added to a network connection topology, affect the collective behaviour of packets traffic. We discuss how some of the network performance aggregate measures reflect and relate to the emergence of packets collective spatio-temporal dynamics. We present selected simulation results and analyse them.

In this work, we propose a control protocol for lightpath management in the optical layer of all-optical networks (AONs). AONs follow a layered structure, as used by various network standards, where each layer communicates with its peer through Protocol Data Units (PDUs). In the context of Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model (RM), a new layer, called optical layer, has been introduced in the AON architecture to manage the lightpath related functions. The optical layer lies in between the physical layer and the data link layer. The objective of this paper is to define a specification for an optical layer protocol for managing lightpaths in AONs. In order to study the dynamics of the optical layer protocol system, we first employ the communicating finite state machine model to represent the protocol. Then a reachability analysis of the model is performed to verify the protocol. This paper shows how the optical layer protocol can be specified formally and made error-free by the step-wise refinement of an initial specification, where validation is done after each refinement.