Using Sandtray as a Creative Supervision Tool

In an era in which new supervision techniques are sought, creativity is salient. The supervisory relationship between the supervisee and supervisor can be challenging and intimidating, especially for the supervisee. To enhance the communication in supervisory sessions and to foster engagement with the supervisee, a supervisor might consider implementing creative techniques. These supervisory techniques can enlighten and enliven the session. It is a given that the counseling literature is sparse in contributing supervision techniques. Specifically, the counseling literature has consistently focused on counseling techniques rather than creative supervision techniques. This article addresses this need and provides ten, easy to use creative supervision techniques that can be implemented within supervision sessions.

Objective: In order to maintain its market share in current competitive scenario, every design organization must enhance its creativity skills, the basis to innovate and develop adequate solutions to changing costumers’ needs. A great expertise is required to reach such creativity level, a skill currently dependent on human capability. As such knowledge is subjected to availability, the development of a computational system with the capacity of selecting appropriately creativity techniques becomes relevant, emulating decision-making ability. This work aims to elucidate implemented metrics on a knowledge-based system (KBS) for asserting creativity techniques, serving as a comparison filter between typical design team’s needs and the available techniques.Design/Methodology/Approach: Creativity tools are powerful allies in building alternative mind pathways, through which a team may develop better and more suitable ideas. Each tool has appropriate use situations, covering several aspects of the design process, organization and team profile. To assert appropriately creativity techniques, the KBS requires a logic connection between factors that lead to the choice and the actual tool selection, i.e. the system output results. Such chaining was structured in a double inference process using categorization, which describes the entry scenario in terms of five categories and matches the identified values of each category with available creativity techniques.Results: The developed prototype is able to select adequate creativity techniques in design. The five categories aid in filtering techniques according to the design situation, reducing the selection spectrum and supporting the appropriate choice of tools. In its current version, the prototype selects among 24 creativity support techniques in a combination of more than 500 design scenarios. The outputs include explanations on the used inference process, learnings on how to use each tool, overall information and examples.

Perception variables in chronic psychophysiolgical insomnia

Interical and ictal dipole modelling in epilepsy surgery candidates

The application of cobalt as a Ca-analogon in nuclear neurology

The supervision process is examined from an attributional perspective. Counselor supervision is conceptualized as an interactional process in which trainees learn to describe and manage cause‐effect relationships. Attribution theory from the social psychological literature is reviewed, and common biases and errors in the attribution process are discussed in terms of their relationship to supervision. Finally, several interventions are proposed to help supervisors minimize the influence of these attributional biases on their own and their trainees' perceptions and behaviors.

It is rare to address gender issues in counseling supervision and little research has been devoted to these. This review describes supervisor and supervisee gender expectations, role disparities, supervisory relationship differences, and variations in communication styles of males and females. Specific suggestions are offered to remove gender bias from the supervision process.

Over the centuries, the trial‐and‐error‐method (T&EM) was the main creativity tool. While resulting in an enormous amount of incredibly valuable inventions enabling human survival, T&EM became less and less acceptable as a method for design and systematic innovation with the acceleration of technological evolution. During the second part of the twentieth century, hundreds of creativity techniques were developed; however, most of them were psychologically based, were lacking a systematic approach and structure and could not provide smooth integration with normal engineering and new product development. This paper provides a brief description and comparative analysis of the best known creativity techniques including a brand new knowledge based approach to creativity implementation which is part of the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) in its classical and advanced forms.

In this study, we investigated the state of preservice consultation training and supervision in school psychology programs. Consultation trainers or supervisors in school psychology programs were surveyed to determine how they prepared students for working as consultants. Specifically addressed were the theoretical models or formats of consultation training used and the structure of such training. In addition, information regarding the supervision process was explored. Through the results of the survey, we found that nondoctoral and doctoral training programs offered more consultation-specific coursework and field experience than they have in the past. Regarding supervision, the majority of programs did not provide consultation students with regular (weekly or biweekly) or individualized supervision, and supervision techniques such as tape recording were rarely implemented. The results of this study should create an awareness of the recent trends in consultation training and supervision. The study serves as an updated baseline against which improvement of consultation training and supervision, particularly with regard to the need for additional supervisory techniques, can be assessed in the future.

Section one of this thesis is a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature exploring the emotional experiences of emergency ambulance personnel. Thorough searches of the literature were conducted in key databases, resulting in 16 studies being included in the synthesis. A meta-ethnography approach was followed, resulting in three overarching themes: moral distress, the emotional intensity of ambulance work and emotional regulation. The findings are considered in relation to related literature and theories. Several clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. Section two is a qualitative study exploring the emotional experiences of emergency ambulance call handlers. Call handlers are the public’s initial point of contact to UK ambulance services and have critical information to obtain, in order to arrange an appropriate response. Twelve call handlers participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified: being more than a robot: “you’re not a robot and neither is the person on the end of the phone and neither is the patient”, belonging to a team: “we call each other the green family” and the unknown: “if you try and think about what’s going to happen next, you’d not be able to come to work”. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical perspectives, relevant literature, clinical implications and future research recommendations. Section three is a critical appraisal of the research process offering reflections on the ambiguity around the call handler role, the researcher’s previous experience, call handlers’ interest in the research and the potential relationship between emotional suppression and identifying or naming emotions. The complexities of managing the roles of a researcher and a practising clinician and the potential role for clinical psychologists in ambulance services are also discussed.

Sir, We would like to congratulate Lozada et al for their recently published review on the management of intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome (IAH/ACS) in the obstetric population.1 Although the topic is clearly dealt with at a most appropriate time and has clinical implications, we have certain queries. The authors correctly pointed out that previously published data showing raised intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in obstetric patients are scanty.1 In non-obstetric patients, IAP is known to differ between healthy, postoperative, and critically ill patients. The IAP may also differ between certain subsets of obstetric patients, such as critically ill vs those scheduled for elective cesarean section2 and women with preeclampsia vs those who are normotensive.3 Should these groups have different cut-off values of IAP to define IAH/ACS rather than a single value as suggested by the authors? The authors’ recommendations focus on obstetric patients who are critically ill. However, to our knowledge, all previously published studies, except one,2 used non-critically ill obstetric patients to derive “normal” IAP reference values. Even the risk factors for raised IAP will differ in critically ill women vs those scheduled for cesarean sections. Therefore, separate and specific protocols might be required for managing raised IAP in critically ill vs non-critically ill obstetric patients. Most pertinently, even if IAH is defined at values ≥14 mm Hg in obstetric patients, no previous study has evaluated organ functions along with the level of increased IAP. The rise in IAP is noted to be a result of the gradually enlarging uterus, so representing a compensated physiological change of pregnancy. Perhaps, further research should aim to investigate the correlation of organ functions with IAP to help define a cut-off value for diagnosing IAH/ACS. Furthermore, the technique of measurement of IAP in pregnant patients poses some dilemmas. First, Lozada et al recommend using a supine position for the IAP measurement. However, false elevations in IAP of pregnant patients have been noted in the supine compared with the left lateral tilt position.4 Hence, we wonder what would be the most reliable position for measuring IAP in these women. Second, almost all previous data on IAP in obstetric patients, including those used by the authors to formulate their clinical recommendations, were recorded after establishing a spinal block for cesarean section. Such a block would have aimed to achieve sensory block at least at the level of T6, which can be expected to be associated with paralysis of abdominal muscles, leading to altered wall compliance and changes in IAP. These findings may not be replicable in critically ill patients without a spinal block for whom the recommendations have been made.1 Whether the IAP measurement is performed while a spinal block is in effect should be specified in future research. We compliment Lozada et al for reviewing the published literature in the field and providing clinical recommendations, even though the synthesis of the available data appears to offer more questions than answers.

To present the recommendations and supporting literature for RBC transfusions in critically ill children with nonhemorrhagic shock developed by the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Consensus conference series of international, multidisciplinary experts in RBC transfusion management of critically ill children. The panel of 38 experts developed evidence-based, and when evidence was lacking, expert-based clinical recommendations as well as research priorities for RBC transfusions in critically ill children. The nonhemorrhagic shock subgroup included five experts. Electronic searches were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to May 2017. Agreement was obtained using the Research and Development/UCLA Appropriateness Method. Results were summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of four clinical and four research recommendations focused on RBC transfusion in the critically ill child with nonhemorrhagic shock. All recommendations reached agreement (> 80%). Of the four clinical recommendations, three were based on consensus panel expertise, whereas one was based on weak pediatric evidence. In hemodynamically stabilized critically ill children with a diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock, we recommend not administering a RBC transfusion if the hemoglobin concentration is greater than or equal to 7 g/dL. Future studies are needed to determine optimum transfusion thresholds for critically ill children with nonhemorrhagic shock undergoing acute resuscitation. The Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative Consensus Conference developed pediatric-specific clinical and research recommendations regarding RBC transfusion in the critically ill child with nonhemorrhagic shock. Although agreement among experts was strong, available pediatric evidence was scant-revealing significant gaps in the existing literature.

There is increasing recognition that people's lived experience needs to be incorporated into health decision-making. This has led to rising imperatives for involving the public in health processes, including research. While there have been significant advances in the field, patterns of exclusion still exist in some areas, including migrant participation in health research. Migration and mobility create challenges around social inclusion and this extends to social and cultural practices used in research. There is an emerging body of literature about improving meaningful, participatory spaces for migrants' involvement in health research using creative tools and techniques that are attuned to cultural diversity. These include the use of arts-based research methods. There is strong evidence for the use of music, particularly singing, as an effective arts-based participatory tool . The goal of this scoping review is to investigate the evidence for the use of music as an arts-based method in migrant health research. Developed by an interdisciplinary team specialising in public and patient involvement; nursing and midwifery; primary health care; and the performing arts, it aims to analyse existing evidence across disciplines that are not usually studied together, identify gaps in current knowledge and use these as a foundation to build effective strategies towards increasing access to and knowledge of participatory, arts-based methods using music in migrant health research. Methods:The protocol for this scoping review follows the guidelines and stages set out in the JBI Reviewer's Manual ( Peters et al., 2017), and by Levac et al, (2010), which build on the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). This incorporates six stages: 1) Identifying the research question; 2) Identifying relevant studies; 3) Study selection; 4) Charting the data; 5) Collating, summarising, and reporting results; and 6) Consultation.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and resource use worldwide. The goal of this Official American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Research Statement is to describe evidence related to diagnosis, assessment, and management; identify gaps in knowledge; and make recommendations for future research. It is not intended to provide clinical practice recommendations on COPD diagnosis and management. Clinicians, researchers, and patient advocates with expertise in COPD were invited to participate. A literature search of Medline was performed, and studies deemed relevant were selected. The search was not a systematic review of the evidence. Existing evidence was appraised and summarized, and then salient knowledge gaps were identified. Recommendations for research that addresses important gaps in the evidence in all areas of COPD were formulated via discussion and consensus. Great strides have been made in the diagnosis, assessment, and management of COPD as well as understanding its pathogenesis. Despite this, many important questions remain unanswered. This ATS/ERS Research Statement highlights the types of research that leading clinicians, researchers, and patient advocates believe will have the greatest impact on patient-centered outcomes.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to determine the effectiveness of an intervention led by promotoras (community lay workers) on the glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, and diabetes health beliefs of Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes living in a major city on the Texas-Mexico border. One hundred fifty Mexican American participants were recruited at a Catholic faith-based clinic and randomized into 2 groups. Personal characteristics, acculturation, baseline A1C level, diabetes knowledge, and diabetes health beliefs were measured. The intervention was culturally specific and consisted of participative group education, telephone contact, and follow-up using inspirational faith-based health behavior change postcards. The A1C levels, diabetes knowledge, and diabetes health beliefs were measured 3 and 6 months postbaseline, and the mean change between the groups was analyzed. The 80% female sample, with a mean age of 58 years, demonstrated low acculturation, income, education, health insurance coverage, and strong Catholicism. No significant changes were noted at the 3-month assessment, but the mean change of the A1C levels, F(1, 148) = 10.28, P < .001, and the diabetes knowledge scores, F(1, 148) = 9.0, P < .002, of the intervention group improved significantly at 6 months, adjusting for health insurance coverage. The health belief scores decreased in both groups. The intervention resulted in decreased A1C levels and increased diabetes knowledge, suggesting that using promotoras as part of an interdisciplinary team can result in positive outcomes for Mexican Americans who have type 2 diabetes. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are suggested.