Using the B formal approach for incremental specification design of interactive systems

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 4th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems -- EICS'12 held in Copenhagen (25--28 June 2012). EICS is an international conference devoted to all aspects of engineering usable and effective interactive computing systems. Topics of interest include multi-device interactive systems, new and emerging modalities (e.g., gesture), entertaining applications (e.g., mobile and ubiquitous games), safety critical systems (e.g. medical devices), and design and development methods (e.g., extreme programming). EICS focuses on tools, techniques and methods for designing and developing interactive systems. The conference brings together people who study or practice the engineering of interactive systems, drawing from Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Software Engineering, Requirements Engineering, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), Ubiquitous & Pervasive Systems, Game Development, and Cognitive Engineering communities. The conference is the legatee of a number of conferences and workshops series: EHCI (Engineering Human Computer Interaction), DSV-IS (International Workshop on the Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems), CADUI (International Conference on Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces) and TAMODIA (International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams). Since its beginning EICS has witnessed a growing number of submissions. This year the program contains 21 full papers carefully chosen from a total of 95 submissions (22% acceptance rate). There are also 12 late breaking papers (five of which presented as posters) as well as a number of doctoral reports, workshop reports, tutorial abstracts and demonstration descriptions. The published material originates from 15 countries, including New Zealand, North and South America, and Europe. In addition, keynote addresses will be offered by Robert Jacob (Tufts University, USA) and Jakob Bardram (IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark). We believe that for this fourth EICS edition we obtained an exciting and interactive program, which stimulates fruitful discussion in the relevant research fields. Topics range from model-based approaches to the design, analysis and generation of user interfaces, to toolkits supporting their development. A diversity of interaction styles and application areas is covered including multimodal, multidevice or multi-touch interfaces, ubiquitous computing, and health. We hope that you will find this year program interesting and thought provoking. The symposium aims to provide you with a valuable opportunity to share ideas with other researchers and practitioners from institutions around the world. We also wish the best to the next edition, EICS 2013 to be held in London, UK, in June 2013.

Lightweighting is a need in many industrial fields and, in particular, in transports, to reduce energy consumptions and to promote more environmentally friendly solutions. In this context, the use of composite materials has become ever more strategic, and a design approach that effectively combines shapes and materials is by now mandatory. In this work, the Systematic Design Approach has been extended to include potentialities and constraints related to materials and manufacturing at the early steps of the design flow. The proposed approach, named systematic material-oriented design approach, enables designers to identify and to select, in a systematic way, design solutions where shapes are tailored to materials and where benefits and criticalities related to the manufacturing processes are considered. In the paper, each design phase of the approach is described and applied to design the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) motor wheel of the Emilia 4 solar vehicle. Optimization steps of geometry and materials complete the approach. The design of the wheel is fully detailed as well as its manufacturing and bending tests under static and fatigue conditions. In particular, strain fields were measured with a 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system during static tests to validate the numerical model.

Interactive intelligent systems, i.e., interactive systems that employ AI technologies, are currently present in many parts of our social, public and political life. An issue reoccurring often in the development of these systems is the question regarding the level of appropriate human and computer contributions. Engineers and designers lack a way of systematically defining and delimiting possible options for designing such systems in terms of levels of automation. In this paper, we propose, apply and reflect on a method for human-computer configuration design. It supports the systematic investigation of the design space for developing an interactive intelligent system. We illustrate our method with a use case in the context of collaborative ideation. Here, we developed a tool for information extraction from idea content. A challenge was to find the right level of algorithmic support, whereby the quality of the information extraction should be as high as possible, but, at the same time, the human effort should be low. Such contradicting goals are often an issue in system development; thus, our method proposed helped us to conceptualize and explore the design space. Based on a critical reflection on our method application, we want to offer a complementary perspective to the value-centered design of interactive intelligent systems. Our overarching goal is to contribute to the design of so-called hybrid systems where humans and computers are partners.

Most researchers agree that the quality of real-life data archives is often very poor, and this makes the definition and realisation of automatic techniques for cleansing data a relevant issue. In such a scenario, the Universal Cleansing framework has recently been proposed to automatically identify the most accurate cleansing alternatives among those synthesised through model-checking techniques. However, the identification of some values of the cleansed instances still relies on the rules defined by domain-experts and common practice, due to the difficulty to automatically derive them (e.g. the date value of an event to be added).

Objet Trouve, Holism, and Morphogenesis in Interactive Evolution Ron W. Noel (noelr1@rcn.com) WCSU, Department of Psychology, 181 White Street Danbury, CT 06810 Sylvia Acchione-Noel ( sylvia.acchione-noel@corporate.ge.com ) General Electric, JF Welch Leadership Development Center, Old Albany Post Road Ossining, NY 10562 Abstract Evolutionary systems are conceptualized as having four transfer functions between the two state spaces of genotype and phenotype. The four transfer functions are epigenesis, survival, mate selection, and genetic recombination. The treatment of these transfer functions is uneven at best. In particular, some complain that epigenesis, the formation of an entity from the original undifferentiated cell mass into tissues, is treated in a too simplistic manner to allow for system flexibility, or creativity. This paper reports on an interactive image evolving system that mimics the morphogenesis processes in epigenesis. System description, results, and theoretical implications are discussed. Introduction Interactive evolutionary systems seek to interface evolutionary programming to human preference in order to create systems capable of evolving artifacts that require a human expertise that hasn’t yet succumb to computation. A common area for this endeavor is the evolving of art, particularly image. The interfacing of human ability with machine computation requires resolving difficult issues in the arts, humanities, and sciences. Further, progress in the design of interactive evolutionary systems allows a glimpse into how very human abilities such as intuition, projection, and holistic perception interplay with the mechanics of machine computation. This paper reports on one such interactive evolutionary system that seeks to combine human perception with the genetic algorithm to evolve small holistic images. Humans lack the tremendous numerical computational speed of computers; yet they can process information holistically in an automatic, rapid, and natural manner. Machines possess tremendous computational capabilities; yet no algorithm exists to perform holistic processes as well as humans do. Ideally, a good interactive system would integrate the best human cognitive qualities with machine computational capabilities enabling the resultant hybrid system to outperform either of the two components alone. Evolutionary computation as an algorithm is well suited for the creation of an interactive imaging system. However, problems exist in implementation: How can evolutionary computation best support the holistic processes of human cognition? To answer this question requires an understanding of current theory regarding human holistic processes. Psychological Issues A well-known area in cognitive research that studies holistic processes is the recognition of objects and, in particular, the recognition of faces. Different perceptual encoding and representational processes have traditionally differentiated theories regarding the recognition of objects as compared to faces. However, the functional separation of these processes under all conditions of object recognition remains unclear (Bruce & Humphreys, 1994). Much of basic object recognition theory has been based on the decomposition of parts and the analysis of edge features (Marr & Nishihara, 1978; Biederman, 1987; Ullman, 1989). On the other hand, face recognition theory has been based on more holistic processes which utilize surface characteristics such as texture, color, and shading (Price & Humphreys, 1989). Some research suggests that the distinctions between object and face recognition begin to fade when one examines the object recognition processes of experts, who may utilize holistic processes similar to those found in face recognition (Diamond & Carey, 1986; Rhodes & McLean, 1990). The theory regarding holistic processing of faces can be separated into stronger and weaker stances (Bruce & Humphreys, 1994). Under the weaker stance, features may interact with each other through configural processes to form emergent properties or second-order relational features (Diamond & Carey, 1986). Under the stronger stance, face recognition is completely holistic; that is, its representation is non-decomposable in that no explicit description of features exists outside the context of the face (Tanaka & Farah, 1993). These stances provide two ways of approaching the development of an interactive system to support the holistic development of images: (1) A system which manipulates context-free features towards configuration, or (2) a system which develops the configuration of the image first, followed by more detailed development of features within the established context. We sought to design a recognition-driven system of the latter type, which would support the purely holistic development of images, including faces and objects. This system would function in a feature-free space to provide a

A description is given of the development of a novel interactive computer-aided control system design (CACSD) package for the design of linear multivariable control systems. The package incorporates the stable factorization design technique and other recent design methodologies, such as the systematic design approach. To provide a high level of interactive design environment for the user, knowledge-based expert system development tools are provided within the package. In addition, the user is provided with the facilities to write user-defined functions and procedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A service system is generally very complex that it includes several views, such as data, function, structure, behavior and so on. There are two different ways to model such many views. The model multiplicity approach for service systems design separately chooses a distinct model for every view. On the contrary, the model singularity approach for service systems design, instead of choosing many isolated models, will use only one single integrated model. In this paper, we proposed a structure-behavior coalescence (SBC) systems modeling approach for service systems design which is based on model singularity. The multiple models are un-related and therefore inconsistent with each other, which become the primary reason for the model multiplicity problems. Being able to think about a system in one single integrated model, the SBC systems modeling approach for service systems design truly avoids the model multiplicity problems.

Design and verification of Cyber-Physical Systems using TrueTime, evolutionary optimization and UPPAAL

Formal methods - among them the model checking techniques - play an important role in the design and production of both systems and software. In this paper we deal with an adaptation of the bounded model checking methods for timed systems, developed for timed automata, to the case of time Petri nets. We consider distributed time Petri nets and parametric reachability checking, but the approach can be easily adapted to verification of other kinds of properties for which the bounded model checking methods exist. A theoretical description is supported by some experimental results, generated using an extension of the model checker verICS.KeywordsModel CheckMutual ExclusionPropositional VariablePropositional FormulaConcrete StateThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Designing intelligent interactive text entry systems often relies on factors that are difficult to estimate or assess using traditional HCI design and evaluation methods. We introduce a complementary approach by adapting function structure models from engineering design. We extend their use by extracting controllable and uncontrollable parameters from function structure models and visualizing their impact using envelope analysis. Function structure models allow designers to understand a system in terms of its functions and flows between functions and decouple functions from function carriers. Envelope analysis allows the designer to further study how parameters affect variables of interest, for example, accuracy, keystroke savings and other dependent variables. We provide examples of function structure models and illustrate a complete envelope analysis by investigating a parameterized function structure model of predictive text entry. We discuss the implications of this design approach for both text entry system design and for critique of system contributions.

Design of interactive systems—a formal approach

Welcome to the historic, vibrant and beautiful city of Edinburgh. Scotland's capital is imbued with a rich tradition of creativity, design, innovation and research, making it a most fitting home for the 12th ACM SIGCHI Designing Interactive Systems (DIS'17) conference. Running biennially since 1995, the Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) Conference is the premier, international arena where designers, artists, psychologists, user experience researchers, systems engineers, and many more, come together to debate and shape the future of interactive systems design and practice. DIS is owned by the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer- Human Interaction (SIGCHI). In the past, DIS has been held in Ann Arbor (1995), Amsterdam (1997), New York (2000), London (2002), Boston (2004), State College (2006), Cape Town (2008), Aarhus (2010), Newcastle (2012), Vancouver (2014), Brisbane (2016) and now, in 2017, moves to a new era of annual conferences. The DIS'17 conference schedule starts with two days of pre-conference workshops and a doctoral consortium and continues with three main conference days into which we have packed 130 peer reviewed paper and pictorial presentations into 30 sessions across three parallel tracks, alongside which we have demos, provocations and works in progress, a lunchtime symposium held by Facebook and two invited keynote speakers. The social program includes a welcome reception on Sunday evening, a Demos & Posters Industry Reception on Monday night, the DIS conference dinner on Tuesday night, and a post-conference closing drinks party on Wednesday night. The theme of DIS 2017 is bridging and connecting -- across disciplines, practices, places and understandings. The most interesting things happen at edges and boundaries, and so the aim of the 2017 conference is to examine different approaches to framing knowledge about the design of interactive systems. As advancements in interactive technology continue to blur the demarcations between people and data, and between things and software, interaction designers and researchers are finding new ways to explore this evolving, interdisciplinary landscape. At DIS 2017 we shall consider the contrasts and commonalities that are central in shaping the landscape of emerging interaction paradigms. I am very proud that we have been able to curate and assemble a stellar program, including two invited keynote presentations by Salvatore Iaconesi (ISIA Design Florence) and Di Mainstone (QMU), I am sure they and the program will encourage much thought, discussion and future endeavours.

Microsatellite has been considered as disruptive technologies in satellite engineering. Its development cost and time provide advantages for new kind of Earth observations, telecommunications, and science missions. The increasing trend of microsatellite launches and operations means that the approach was so successful that it could create funding sustainability. Major contributing factors of its success were due to the system design of the microsatellites. This chapter discusses two microsatellite system design approaches, namely Technical University of Berlin heritage and University of Surrey heritage. Both Universities provide approaches for system design and build of microsatellite systems. The design approaches are being compared along with lessons learned. The choices of microsatellites to be compared in this chapter will be those that are manufactured about the same time such that the technology compared is mostly the same and flown in-orbit. The chapter shows that the differences between the two system design approaches are on the choice of main computer and associated link configuration and in the attitude control modes. Another major different is in the satellites’ structure design. For some satellite’s components, incoming technologies have made the design choices from the two schools of thoughts converged.

Inclusiveness is a principle of our current school system. Inclusive education should ensure equal learning opportunities for all, avoid stigmatising differences, and accept diversity in pupils. The goals are promising, but the implementation of inclusive education is a wicked problem intertwined with student, teacher, school community and wider societal factors that are difficult to manage and reconcile. Can the goals of inclusive education to be achieved or will inclusiveness of schools lead to a situation where the conditions for learning, school practices and teaching resources are further stretched and learning for all becomes more narrowly focused? This article examines inclusive education as a wicked problem and how this perspective can aid in managing the inclusive education challenge at hand and how systemic design approach and service design can tackle these challenges. There will be provided four practical challenges where the proposed approaches and tools can be especially useful.

Including users in design and development of an interactive product is crucial to achieve high level of usability. Content management systems have two categories of users, content creators and content consumers, and designers of these systems have to considers the needs of both user groups. In design of interactive learning systems, special attention has to be given to the process of learning, which means that functional, accessible and usable interface has to serve the purpose of knowledge acquisition. Designing for mobile learning brings additional challenges due to the small screens of mobile devices. The paper describes the process of utilization of user-centred design in development of a simple content management system for learning called EMasters. The aim of the EMasters is to enable teachers to easily create and organize courses which will be delivered to students to facilitate web-based and mobile learning. According to the user-centred design approach, teachers and students are involved in iterative process of design, implementation and evaluation of EMasters. Evaluation study used complementary methods and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback. The usability score reached good level and the guidelines for redesign of the system interface are drown. According to the obtained results, proposed framework is confirmed to be applicable in user-centred design of content management systems in general. In addition, the directions for adjustment of the framework for specific cases are provided.