Vapor phase polymerization for electronically conductive nanopaper based on bacterial cellulose/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

Feasibility test of spray-coating method for patterning of vapor phase-polymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) thin film

Electrochemical performance of graphene-polyethylenedioxythiophene nanocomposites

Composite porous supercapacitor electrodes were prepared by growing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on graphite nanoplatelet- or graphene nanoplatelet-deposited open-cell polyurethane (PU) sponges via a vapor phase polymerization (VPP) method. The resulting composite supercapacitor electrodes exhibited great capacitive performance, with PEDOT acting as both the conductive binder and the active material. The chemical composition was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and the surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), charge-discharge (CD) tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilized to study the electrical performance of the composite electrodes produced in symmetrically configured supercapacitor cells. The carbon material deposited on PU substrates and the polymerization temperature of PEDOT affected significantly the PEDOT morphology and the electrical properties of the resulting composite sponges. The highest areal specific capacitance 798.2 mF cm−2 was obtained with the composite sponge fabricated by VPP of PEDOT at 110 °C with graphene nanoplatelet-deposited PU sponge substrate. The capacitance retention of this composite electrode was 101.0% after 10,000 charging–discharging cycles. The high flexibility, high areal specific capacitance, excellent long-term cycling stability and low cost make these composite sponges promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.

To obtain high-performance electrode on fabric substrate for flexible supercapacitors (SCs), a new composite electrode incorporating the conducting polymer poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) within the nanocomposite film of the reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes (rGO/CNTs) has been proposed and fabricated successfully. By repeating spaying process and using vapor phase polymerization (VPP) method, an rGO/CNTs/PEDOT nanocomposite film is developed on the flexible non-woven fabric substrate and the composite electrode with hierarchical structure is obtained. The unique interconnected structure ensures that the flexible fabric electrode has a specific capacitance high up to 164 F/g at current density 0.1 A/g and an equivalent-series resistance (R ESR ) lower than 3.53 Ω. Moreover, the composite electrode exhibits good stability with capacitance retentions over 93% even it is bent 1000 times. Devices based on this composite electrode are constructed and reversibly cycle at a voltage of 1 V, which provide a volume energy density of 22.8 mWh/g and retain 98% capacitance of the initial value under a 90° bending angle. This work suggests that our new composite electrode is a promising candidate for the high-performance energy-storage devices, and flexible and wearable electronic components.

A facile vapor phase polymerization (VPP) method is carried out to fabricate highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) flexible films with a low concentration FeCl3 ethanol solution as the oxidant, without high temperature, vacuum conditions and additives. Three kinds of PEDOT morphologies (square-like, flower-like and flat) can be observed on the surface of the films and the appearance of the square-like and flower-like structures does not affect the transparency of the films. A ca. 1500 S cm−1 film conductivity is achieved and after dipping in a H2SO4 solution, the conductivity significantly increases to ca. 2200 S cm−1 with a sheet resistance down to 50 Ω □−1 and a transparency in the visible spectrum of >80% at 90 nm thickness. In addition, a simple ITO-free flexible OLED device was designed with a VPP–PEDOT film as the anode which was able to maintain a stable luminance after various kinds of bending and showed the feasibility of substituting PEDOT for the ITO layer in flexible OLED devices. The facile way offers an effective and convenient strategy to fabricate highly conductive PEDOT films and represents a significant step forward in the manufacture of flexible OLED devices and flexible displays in the rapidly growing organic electronics arena.

This paper analyses harmonic emission of different light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. Basic mathematical analysis of harmonic emission was presented. Paper deals with single LED lights (bulbs) and street lighting systems formed by luminaries. Harmonic emission results were obtained by measurement. More, single LED bulbs were modeled within EMTP-ATP software. Comparison of measured results and results obtained by simulation was performed. Further, one LED lighting system was compared with sodium lighting system in the harmonic emission area. Comparison was performed by replacing one sodium lighting system (in one street) with appropriate LED lighting system. Standards which deals with harmonic emission were presented and compared. More, obtained results of harmonic emission were compared with valid Standards. The goal of paper is to compare harmonic emission of various bulbs and on other side to analyze LED lighting systems with luminaries. It is important because today there are various LED lights in market made by various companies. It is due high share penetration of LED lighting in each area and their implementation in: house, buildings, business areas, factories, street lighting systems etc. On other side, LED lights are nonlinear loads which potentially can have negative effect on distribution grid. One more goal is to compare measured results and the results obtained by modeling. Correctly modeled LED lighting can be used in various research. It can be used to improve the manufacturing process of LED lights.

Smart label technology such as indicators is a growing field due to society's demand for Internet of Things devices. New materials and technologies are continuously being discovered and developed in order to provide better resolution, better performance, or more environmentally friendly devices. Within this report, screen printing technology is combined with vapor phase polymerization to synthesize three conductive polymers; poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh). The conductive polymers are created in micrometer resolution and investigated for their electrochromic properties. PEDOT and PPy samples are combined into printed, laminated, transmissive electrochromic displays. The technology is further advanced to establish separate PEDOT, PPy, and PTh all‐printed electrochromic displays using several screen printed layers. The PEDOT displays show improved color retention as compared to displays created with commercially available PEDOT:poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) with comparable contrast and switching behavior. All‐printed PPy and PTh electrochromic displays with impressive electrochromic behavior are demonstrated. More complex patterns of 7‐segment displays are created, thereby highlighting flexibility and individually switched sections of the conductive polymers. This research extends the screen printing and vapor phase polymerization combination to other conductive polymers and the potential commercialization of multicolor electrochromic displays that has been otherwise dominated by monochromatic PEDOT:PSS.

Effects of light-emitting diode light v. fluorescent light on growing performance, activity levels and well-being of non-beak-trimmed W-36 pullets

We investigated the synergetic effect between light-emitting diode (LED) lighting efficiency and building energy savings in heating and cooling using an alternative thermal operating system (ATOS) of indoor LED lighting integrated with the ventilation system of a building as an active cooling device. The heat generated from LED lighting and the indoor lighting illuminance were experimentally determined. The indoor heat gains in cooling and heating periods were determined using measurement data; the annual energy savings of an office building in heating and cooling were calculated through simulation. The LED lighting illuminance increased by approximately 40% and the lighting contribution for indoor heat gain was 7.8% in summer, while 69.8% in winter with the ATOS. Consequently, the annual total energy use of the office building could be reduced by 5.9%; the energy use in cooling and heating was reduced by 18.4% and 3.3%, respectively.

The rise of paper electronics has been accelerated due to the public push for sustainability. Electronic waste can potentially be avoided if certain materials in electronic components can be substituted for greener alternatives such as paper. Within this report, it is demonstrated that conductive polymers poly(3,4‐ethylenedoxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole, and polythiophene, can be synthesized by screen printing combined with vapor phase polymerization on paper substrates and further incorporated into functional electronic components. High patterning resolution (100 µm) is achieved for all conductive polymers, with PEDOT showing impressive sheet resistance values. PEDOT is incorporated as conductive circuitry and as the active material in all‐printed electrochromic displays. The conductive polymer circuits allow for functional light emitting diodes, while the electrochromic displays are comparable to commercial displays utilizing PEDOT on plastic substrates.

This study aims to analysis at the composition of fish catches and the fishing effectiveness of fixed lift nets fitted with LED lights of varying color combinations. This research was carried out from May to June 2019, located in the waters of Pangkajene Regency and the Islands. Two fixed lift nets units, 16 white light Emitting Diode (LED) lights and 16 pairs of white blue and yellow combination lights, Global Positioning System (GPS), Stop watch, Digital scale, Digital camera, Logbook, Meter, Current meter, Thermometer, Refractometer, and Lux meter. The research method used in this study is Experimental fishing in fixed lift nets fishing operations using LED lights. Experimental research of white and white combination LED light color (control), and blue, white and yellow LED light color (Treatment) used in 2 fixed lift nets. The fixed lift nets used is 15 meters long and 15 meters wide with a height of 25 meters from the seabed to the top pole with a building height of 10 meters above sea level. The data collection technique was carried out by following directly the catching operation of two fixed lift nets with different color combinations of lights. The data collected is the position of the fishing ground and catch data. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis by looking at the technical aspects of operations on the fixed lift nets and data tabulation. Quantitative analysis was carried out using statistical methods and comparison of fish catches using two treatments using LED light colors. The results show that the composition of fish catches using color combinations (white, blue and yellow) shows higher yields when compared to white. The composition of the catch in the fixed lift nets is divided into three groups, namely the main catch (main catch), bycatch (bycatch) and discarded catch (discard). The use of a combination of LED lights on the fixed lift nets got a catch of 1,347.21 Kg, while the use of white LED lights got a catch of 906.21 Kg. The difference between the catches of the two treatments was 441 kg or 49% of the fish caught using white LEDs. From these results it can be concluded that the use of color combinations of LED lights is more effective than the use of white LED lights.

Effects of light emitting diode lights on plant growth, development and traits a meta-analysis

To effectively introduce light-emitting diode (LED) lights into Japanese flying squid Todarodes pacificus fisheries, information is required regarding how LED lights affect physiological responses of the squid eye. In order to examine the effects of LED emission-color on squid eyes, we observed the pupillary constriction and migration of black-screening pigment in the retina. The pupils constricted in all squid after exposure to LED lights; the pupils gradually opened and pigment migration occurred. Both of the physiological responses to LED light were affected by blue, green, and white lights, which have wavelengths close to the visual pigment sensitivity peak in T. pacificus (482 nm). However, response rates were much lower under red colored LED, which comprises wavelengths that are far from the visual pigment sensitivity peak. Thus, the eyes of squid responded sensitively to light which included the wavelengths close to the visual pigment sensitivity peak of T. pacificus and responded little to the light which did not include these wavelengths. These results suggest that the eyes of T. pacificus react in different ways to various LED light colors, where the first reaction to a lighting change is the pupillary response, and pigment migration occurs only if the illumination continues.

Among various immobilizing materials, conductive polymer-based nanocomposites have been widely applied to fabricate the biosensors, because of their outstanding properties such as excellent electrocatalytic activity, high conductivity, and strong adsorptive ability compared to conventional conductive polymers. Electrochemical biosensors have played a significant role in delivering the diagnostic information and therapy monitoring in a rapid, simple, and low cost portable device. This paper reviews the recent developments in conductive polymer-based nanocomposites and their applications in electrochemical biosensors. The article starts with a general and concise comparison between the properties of conducting polymers and conducting polymer nanocomposites. Next, the current applications of conductive polymer-based nanocomposites of some important conducting polymers such as PANI, PPy, and PEDOT in enzymatic and nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensors are overviewed. This review article covers an 8-year period beginning in 2010.

Enhanced biomass production and lipid accumulation of Picochlorum atomus using light-emitting diodes (LEDs)