Variable Architecture Multi-Island Microgrids for Industrial Plant Expansions

Supply chain optimization of sugarcane first generation and eucalyptus second generation ethanol production in Brazil

Due to industrial plant expansion, superheavy load moves have increased drastically in Louisiana within the past decade. This paper presents a case study of a superheavy load movement with over 1.8-million kg loads on a flexible pavement. The study included pavement structural analysis under superheavy load and the estimation of cost attributable to the movement. The structural evaluation was performed by both three-dimensional (3D) finite element and the layered elastic analysis with the 3D Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. Three wheel load configurations were analysed. The comparison of the two methods showed comparable results for the single-line load configuration. In addition, a simple and rational cost allocation process was proposed to estimate the cost attributable to a superheavy load move. The proposed process was based on the predicted damage caused by a superheavy load move and on the estimated cost for repairing the deteriorated pavement.

World War H served to increase greatly the use of psychological tests. The urgent need for manpower in the overnight expansion and estab lishment of industrial plants, all geared toward the war effort, created a tremendous problem of personnel selection. By far the majority of tasks to be performed in this gigantic machinery for production were of a routine, repetitive, mechanical, nature. Personnel departments especially of the larger plants resorted to the use of specialized tests of ability, interests, apti tudes, and personality in the selection of person nel to fill the jobs. Today, the Veterans' Admin istration in its vocational guidance program, na tionwide in its scope, administers hundreds of thousands of tests of the nature described above, to veterans who desire to avail themselves of such advisement. The writer has observed, in the capacity of vocational counselor, some rela tionship between two of the tests of spatial rela tions and the Non-Language score of an intelli gent test. A quantitative determination of that relationship appeared to be indicated. Statement of the problem. ?It was the purpose of this study to measure the correlation of (1) the Survey of Space Relations Ability with the Non Language factor of the California Test of Mental Maturity; (2) the Survey of Space Relations Abil ity with the Survey of Object Visualization; and (3) the Survey of Object Visualization with the Non-Language score of the California Test of Mental Maturity. Importance of the study. ?In order to explain the importance of the study, a brief description of the content of the three tests is necessary. 1 The Survey of Space Relations test measures, di agrammatically, the ability to judge geometric patterns. The Survey of Object Visualization test also consists of geometric figures but in a three dimensional plane. The Non-Language section of the California Test of Mental Maturity consists of three sub-tests, two involving spatial perception, and one involving recognition of sim ilarities among drawings of diverse objects taken from everyday life. These tests singly or in combination are fre quently administered in many high schools, col leges, large industrial plants, and vocational guidance centers. The tests are combined into a battery in order to measure aptitude in such fields as architecture, engineering, drafting, art, etc. For example, in the screening of ap plicants for a dental technician course at the Un iversity of California, Los Angeles Campus, Guidance Center, all three tests were used. One of the questions the present study will at tempt to answer is whether or not the Space Re lations and Object Visualization tests measure the same thing as the Non-Language subtests of the California Test of Mental Maturity. If the correlations are found to be significantly high, much time, effort, and expanse may be saved, for then it would preclude administering two or three of the tests to the same individual. Fur thermore, if a high correlation exists, this fact would be helpful in making future tests of this nature, more varied in item content and of more interest to the test?e.

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 183110, “To the Edge and Back: Building Relationships With a Marginalized Community in Iraq,” by Ilya Bourtman, BP; Hassan Al-Mudhaffar, Christopher Boyd, and Brendhan Skerritt, Rumaila Operating Organization; and Nicholas Abrahams, SPE, Social Risk Strategy, prepared for the 2016 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 7–10 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. A consortium of international and national Iraqi oil and gas companies took operatorship of the Qarmat Ali water-treatment plant, which is critical for oil production, in southern Iraq in 2013. Because of community protests, operations shut down for 6 months as the consortium strived to find the best way to work with the community. This paper explores how the consortium achieved success through engagement and by responding to community expectations for social investment while addressing the social effects of operations. Introduction The Rumaila oil field in southern Iraq southwest of Basra is the country’s largest producing oil field, accounting for more than 40% of Iraq’s budget revenues. Since 2009, Iraq’s state-owned South Oil Company has engaged an international consortium of oil and gas companies together with the State Oil Marketing Organization of Iraq through a technical service contract to operate and modernize the oil field. For the Rumaila oil field to continue producing 1.4 million BOPD, the consortium needs to inject more than 2 million BWPD by 2025. In 2013, the consortium began the refurbishment and expansion of the Qarmat Ali industrial water-treatment plant, a critical facility for injecting industrial water into the Rumaila oil field and thereby maintaining production. From the start, a historically marginalized adjacent community, accustomed to using force to raise concerns, continued to use force to react to construction work at Qarmat Ali. Construction was interrupted frequently by stand-downs, gunfire, rock throwing, violence, and intimidation. After months of strained community relations, construction was shut down for 6 months. With government representatives lacking community support and local security forces providing inadequate protection, management considered abandoning refurbishment and expansion work. Analytics To support the information-gathering process and begin the development of a new community-relations plan, the consortium commissioned a nongovernmental organization to gather data on baseline conditions in Qarmat Ali, undertaking 500 household interviews to provide a representative and diverse perspective on the thoughts, opinions, and recommendations of the community. The AMAR International Charitable Foundation was selected to spearhead a study because of its 20-year legacy of supporting vulnerable populations in southern Iraq and reliance on trained local staff to provide an understanding of the local context and needs of the community.

SEVERAL years ago it became necessary to revise the primary distribution system in a large chemical plant. This plant was approximately 25 years old and had undergone a rapid expansion during this entire period. The type of electric distribution system which had developed is typical of many other large chemical plants which have expanded over comparable periods of time. The original plant electric system consisted of 2,300-volt generation and primary distribution. Load increases associated with later plant expansions resulted in the introduction of 11,000-volt generation and primary distribution and the installation of an 11,000-volt interconnection with the local public utility. Bus tie reactors had been installed to keep the generator bus fault levels down as additional power capacity was added to the system.