Viewpoints Reconciliation in Services Design: A Model-Driven Approach for Highly Collaborative Environments

Composite Web service design using model-driven approaches has been in use for several years now, but the modelling of transactional properties is still uncommon and has not yet been subject to much research. For a distributed system of autonomous components like Web services, especially when they are used for implementing business processes, transactional guarantees can be of vital importance. In this paper, we propose a model-driven approach which introduces a separate design layer dedicated to transactions. We show that our systematic modelling approach is able to introduce transactions in the design without increasing the complexity of the basic UML diagram. Our approach can also be reused to specify other properties of Web services such as security requirements or workflows in additional layers.

A Petri Nets based functional validation for services composition

Purpose: Of late, the focus of service design is moving toward emphasizing customer satisfaction and taking users' experience more seriously. In addition to the change in perspective in service design, scholars in this area are paying more attention to service design methodology and process, as well as its theory and real-world case studies. In the case of medical space, there have been few studies in attempting to apply service design methods useful for deriving user-focused results. The author of this paper believes, however, case study-oriented approaches are more needed in this area rather than ones focusing on theoretical aspects. The author hopes thereby to expand the horizon to practical application of spatial design beyond service design methodology. Methods: In order to incorporate the strengths of service design methodology that can reflect a variety of user opinions, this study will introduce diverse tools in the framework of double diamond process. In addition, it will present field cases that successfully brought about best results in medical space design. It will end with summarizing the ideal process of medical space design which is reasonable and comprehensive. Results: Medical service encompasses preventive medicine as well as treatment of existing medical conditions. A study in establishing the platform of medical service design consists of a wide range of trend research, followed by the summary of two-matrix design classification based on results of the trend research. The draft of design process is divided into five stages composed of basic tools for establishing spatial flow lines created by matching service design tools with each stage of space design processes. In all this, most important elements to consider are communication and empathy. When service design is actually applied to space design, one can see that output has reflected the users' needs very well. The service design process for user-oriented medical space can thus be established by interactions on the final outcome and feedback on the results. Implications: One can see that the service design with the hospital at its center produces the result that encompasses the user's needs best. If the user-focused service design process for medical space can be extended to other space designs, the author believes that it would enhance the level of satisfaction for users and minimize trials and errors.

This paper takes service design methods and tools to improve the rural tourism service design in China. Choosing the existing tourist country Lingshui Village which is located in Mentougou district, Beijing, China as the research object. Using the methods and tools of service design to solve problems in the process of tourism industry service innovation. At last, build the Lingshui Village tourism industry service system and design new products, realize the innovation of Lingshui Village tourism service design.

As the aging of Chinese society intensifies, aging-related community issues become increasingly serious. Visiting several hutongs and communities in Beijing, the design team conducted in-depth interviews with the elderly, with the medical staff doing the same in community hospitals and pharmacies. The service and production system design was used to classify the user population and describe the current aging phenomenon. There are still many challenges faced by the elderly community, such as self-care, nutrition, and scheduling appointments. In this paper, by examining elderly individuals' daily lives and medical challenges, our design team created user journey maps and discovered specific problems in the service process. We extracted the design touchpoints in the user experience, analyzed the user behavior, and discovered some design opportunities. We also expect that service design thinking and design morphology research methods will create innovative and optimized solutions for current aging community medical problems. This provides for on-site services such as diagnosis and treatment, nursing, and prescription and meal delivery for homebound elderly people and proposes a new model of mobile auxiliary medical system intervention in the aging community. This makes the elderly-community-product-environment more sustainable.

Insurance companies are in the midst of massive disruptive change occurring as a result of new consumption models and technologies. Companies unable to keep up with the rapid pace of change run the risk of disappearing. Service Design has become an essential practice for firms competing in experience-centred sectors. However, Service Design is not only limited to improving customer experience: it has also been proposed as an enabler for strategic and organisational change. This paper presents a case study in which Service Design was applied to foster transformative strategy and processes in an insurance company. The experiment has shown that Service Design can help companies to identify new business opportunities, as well as assisting organisational transformations. The findings in this paper show that by adopting Design-led approaches, firms can achieve faster and more flexible New Service Development processes able to significantly reduce time to market.

Service innovation is focused on customer value creation. At its core, customer-centric service innovation in an increasingly digital world is technology-enabled, human-centered, and process-oriented. This requires a cross-disciplinary, holistic approach to new service design and development (NSD). This paper proposes a new service strategy-aligned integrative design framework for NSD. It correlates the underlying theories and principles of disparate but interrelated aspects of service design thinking: service strategy, concept, design, experience and architecture into a coherent framework for NSD, consistent with the service brand value. Application of the framework to NSD is envisioned to be iterative and holistic, accentuated on continuous organizational and customer learning. The preliminary framework’s efficacy is illustrated using a simplified telecom case example.

As a common delivery model in cloud computing, SaaS applications are becoming increasingly popular.Multi-tenancy is a key characteristics of SaaS applications.Service composition plays a main role in SaaS applications because of frequent composability and reusability of software services.With the development of cloud computing, one side, there are an increasing number of available services, other side, tenant' individual and diverse requirement become more intense, which makes service composition tend to be more complex.This paper proposes an effective infrastructure for service composition, MultiGranular, which provides a semantic basis for multi-tenant service composition.The MultiGranular supports the characteristic of hierarchy, uncertain correlation, inheritance and versioning, effectively responding to the requirements of complexity of service composition for cloud computing SaaS applications.The computing process of MultiGranular includes three steps: basic service clustering, correlation mining and hierarchy building.MultiGranular makes it possible to change disorder services into the hierarchy and ordered clustering services, and makes it easy to develop multi-tenant SaaS applications.The experimental results demonstrate that by utilizing the proposed method, complexity of multi-tenant service composition are solved and the efficiency of service composition has been improved greatly.

User Centered Design, also known as UCD, allows designing solutions that are able to satisfy the requirements expressed by the users, intended as people that have to do with the product in every stage of its life. This specific approach can be also useful in the design of services and processes that need to consider the user experience as a fundamental stage of the project. UCD was therefore considered a proper method to be applied to public administrations’ work, to provide inclusive and effective services and facilities to citizens, in order to improve their wellbeing. The city of Prishtina, the new capital of Kosova , was considered an interesting example of a city with unsolved issues that could get a great advantage applying a User Centered approach to the design of public services, because of its social and multicultural identity that makes UCD suitable to answer to users’ needs. In this chapter the author proposes some topics on which it would be necessary to design and apply new innovative development strategies.

The design of Interactive TV services is in an experimental phase. The design of these services needs a more structured approach that enables the actors involved to cooperate and develop a successful service. Based on a Service System design approach we used a framework to analyze an I-TV banking service. The case study shows the barriers to adoption in the current design approach. To deal with these barriers we propose to focus on adoption in the design approach for I-TV banking services.

We present RDCL 3D, a "model agnostic" web framework for the design and composition of NFV services and components. The framework allows editing and validating the descriptors of services and components both textually and graphically and supports the interaction with external orchestrators or with deployment and execution environments. RDCL 3D is open source and designed with a modular approach, allowing developers to "plug in" the support for new models. We describe several advances with respect to the NFV state of the art, which have been implemented with RDCL 3D. We have integrated in the platform the latest ETSI NFV ISG model specifications for which no parsers/validators were available. We have also included in the platform the support for OASIS TOSCA models, reusing existing parsers. Then we have considered the modelling of components in a modular software router (Click), which goes beyond the traditional scope of NFV. We have further developed this approach by combining traditional NFV components (Virtual Network Functions) and Click elements in a single model. Finally, we have considered the support of this solution using the Unikernels virtualization technology.

Service design is assuming a strategic role in contemporary society. From a design for inclusion perspective, this paper tries to outline a theoretical reflection based on the assumption that describes the possibility to identify four categories for understanding how service design and inclusive design can establish a relationship, i.e. (i) inclusive service design; (ii) design for inclusive services; (iii) service design for inclusion; (iv) inclusive design for service design. After a systematic literature review, the authors provide theoretical case studies from deliberately selected academic papers for each category. The result is the identification of a set of relationships between design for inclusion and service design to be studied in the inclusive design research field. Discussion and conclusions underline how these relationships can be helpful to practitioners in design and design researchers that would like to orient their activities understanding multiple ways of relating service design and design for inclusion.

This thesis proposes a concept and transformations for designing interactions in a service composition at related abstraction levels. The concept and transformations are aimed at helping designers to bridge the conceptual gap between the business and software domains. In this way, the complexity of an interaction design can be managed adequately. A service composition is specified as one or more interactions between application components. Interaction design is therefore the central activity in the design of a service composition. Interaction design at related abstraction level requires an interaction concept that can model interactions at a higher abstraction level (called abstract interactions) and interactions at a lower abstraction level (called concrete interactions), in order to avoid any conceptual gap between abstraction levels. An interaction is defined as a unit of activity that is performed by multiple entities or participants in cooperation to establish a common result. Different participants can have different views on the established result. The possible results of an interaction are specified using contribution constraints and distribution constraints. Contribution constraints model the responsibility of the participants in the establishment of the interaction result. Distribution constraints model the relation between the participants’ views. An interaction provides synchronisation or time dependency between the participants on each other. This interaction concept can model abstract and concrete interactions. A designer can hence use a single interaction design concept during a design process. Two design transformations are defined, namely interaction refinement and interaction abstraction. Interaction refinement replaces an abstract interaction with a concrete interaction structure. Interaction abstraction replaces a concrete interaction structure with an abstract interaction. A set of conformance requirements and a conformance assessment method are defined to check the conformance between an abstract interaction and concrete interaction structure. In an interaction design process, a designer first represents a service composition as an abstract interaction that specifies the desired result. This abstract interaction is then refined into a concrete interaction structure that specifies how to establish that result. Interaction refinement can be done recursively until it results in a concrete interaction structure that can be mapped onto available interaction mechanisms. Every refinement is followed by conformance assessment. To facilitate the development process of a service composition, this thesis provides – patterns for interaction refinement, which serve as guidelines on possible refinements of an abstract interaction; – abstract representations of interaction mechanisms, which allow interaction mechanisms to be included in an interaction design at a higher abstraction level; and – a transformation tool to transform an interaction design at an implementation level to an executable implementation. The use of the interaction concept, design transformations, patterns for interaction refinement, abstract representations of interaction mechanisms, and transformation tool are illustrated with two case studies. In the first case study, we design a travel reservation application as a service composition using a top-down design approach. The services and application components that are involved in the service composition have to be developed. In the second case study, we design enterprise application integration for an order management that composes existing services and applications. We follow an integration approach and use our interaction concept during the design process. The obtained integration solution is then transformed to an executable implementation using our transformation tool.

The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) has become the standard in Web service composition, so that been adopted by industries to create mission critical services. The business process reliability especially business process consistency when some services failed is critical to composite services especially involving various organizations. However, it is difficult to conduct business process reliability testing for composite services due to complex business process in service composition, remote deployed services and long time testing duration. Little research is done to test fault tolerance capabilities of composite services only from low level. This paper proposes a technique on how to test the reliability of composite service defined in BPEL from the view of business semantics with little cost using fault injection. We present an approach for reliability testing of web services by using service stubs with semantic faults instead of real services which can be placed at service provider side or service consumer side. Dislike existing studies, we focus on how to find the reliability problems associating with business process - called semantics as the problems are not pure coding error but faults related to business process. In addition, the behavior of composite services in BPEL is analyzed when there are faults in orchestrated services invoked. Finally, a case study is given to show the whole process of reliability testing for composite web service.

Service Design is about creating a desirable end to end experience for service-users. Participatory design involving service-users and stakeholders is an established paradigm in service design. There are constraints as well as opportunities while designing for organizational services. The Participatory design paradigm is appropriate in this context, however, the traditional participatory design methods have limitations and need to be adapted to overcome the constraints and leverage the enablers. The suggested approach comprises the aspects: a mix of tacit and explicit knowledge, synchronous and asynchronous working, full and partial participation, and a mix of ‘lite’ and in-depth application of design methods, and leveraging the knowledge externalization techniques. This service design case study is about high-touch hiring and joining experience of new entrants in a large IT organization. The outcomes confirm the benefits of the proposed approach suggesting its appropriateness for designing services within organizational context. It also offers the promise of wide applicability.