Virtual machine placement in cloud data centers using enhanced binary Manta Ray Foraging Optimization algorithm

This research study aims to introduce chaos theory into the Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) Algorithm and optimize a real-world design problem through the chaos-enhanced versions of this method. Manta Ray Foraging Optimization algorithm is a bio-inspired swarm intelligence-based metaheuristic algorithm simulating the distinctive food search behaviors of the manta rays. However, MRFO suffers from some intrinsic algorithmic inefficiencies such as slow and premature convergence and unexpected entrapment to the local optimum points in the search domain like most of the metaheuristic algorithms in the literature. Recently, random numbers generated by chaos theory have been incorporated into the metaheuristic algorithms to solve these problems. More than twenty chaotic maps are applied to the base algorithm and ten best performing methods are considered for performance evaluation on high-dimensional optimization test problems. Forty test problems comprising unimodal and multimodal functions have been solved by chaotic variants of MRFO and extensive statistical analysis is performed. Furthermore, thermo-economic design optimization of an air-fin cooler is maintained by the chaotic MRFO variants to assess their optimization capabilities over complex engineering design problems. Ten decisive design variables of an air fin cooler are optimized in terms of total annual cost rates and optimum solutions obtained by five best chaotic MRFO algorithms are compared to the preliminary design. A significant improvement is observed in the objective function values when MRFO with chaotic operators is applied to this considered thermal design problem.

In this paper, an accurate model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for optimal identification of PEMFC parameters has been developed. The optimization methodology is based on the modified version of Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MMRFO) technique for minimizing the sum of squared errors (SSE) between the Experimentally measured stack voltage and the estimated voltage produced by the optimized model. In the modified methodology, the sine-cosine method has been utilized to enhance the global searching capability in the exploration phase and the local searching capability in the exploitation phase of the MRFO algorithm. In order to validate the effectiveness of the suggested methodology, four different case studies comprising standard benchmark 250 W PEMFC, BCS-500 W PEMFC, SR-12 500 W FC, and 1 kW Temasek stacks were utilized, and the attainments have been compared with the measured polarization characteristics. The attainments have been intensively compared with several metaheuristic algorithms (MA) including Tree growth Algorithm (TGA), Grey wolf optimizer (GWO), Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and original Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO), to confirm the superiority of the MMRFO against the compared techniques. The obtained results give a satisfactory agreement between the MMRFO-based model and the experimentally measured data. Finally, the achievements confirmed the effectiveness of the MMRFO over the basic MRFO algorithm and other novel metaheuristic algorithms in identifying PEMFC parameters.

Cloud computing is a new computation technology that provides services to consumers and businesses. The main idea of Cloud computing is to present software and hardware services through the Internet to the users and organizations at all levels. In Cloud computing, the users pay for the services, which means a usage-based payment system is used in this technology. Using virtualization technology in computation resources enables the appropriate utilization of resources in cloud computing. One of the most significant challenging issues in virtualization technology is the placement of optimal virtual machines on physical machines in cloud data centers. The placement of virtual machines comprises a process wherein virtual machines are mapped onto physical machines in cloud data centers. Optimal deployment leads to the reduction in power consumption, optimal use of resources, traffic reduction in data centers, costs reduction, and efficiency enhancement of the data center in the cloud. The present article proposed a new approach using a combination of the Sine–Cosine Algorithm and Salp Swarm Algorithm as discrete multi-objective and chaotic functions for optimal virtual machine placement. The first goal of the proposed algorithm was to reduce the power consumption in cloud data centers by condensing the number of active physical machines. The second goal was to reduce the waste of resources and manage it by optimally virtual machine placement on physical machines in cloud data centers. The third objective was to minimize and reduce Service Level Agreement among the active physical machines in cloud data centers. The proposed method prevent the increase in the migration of virtual machines onto physical machines. Ultimately, the results obtained from the proposed algorithm were compared with those of previous akin algorithms in the literature, including First Fit, Virtual Machine Placement Ant Colony System, and Modified Best Fit Decreasing. The proposed scheme is tested using Amazon EC2 Instances and the result indicated that the proposed algorithm performs better than the existing algorithms for various performance metrics.

Virtualisation is a major technology in cloud computing for optimising the cloud data centre's power usage. In the current scenario, most of the services are migrated to the cloud, putting more load on the cloud data centres. As a result, the data center's size expands resulting in increased energy usage. To address this problem, a resource allocation optimisation method that is both efficient and effective is necessary. The optimal utilisation of cloud infrastructure and optimisation algorithms plays a vital role. The cloud resources rely on the allocation policy of the virtual machine on cloud resources. A virtual machine placement technique, based on the Harris Hawk Optimisation (HHO) model for the cloud data centre is presented in this paper. The proposed HHO model aims to find the best place for virtual machines on suitable hosts with the least load and power consumption. PlanetLab's real-time workload traces are used for performance evaluation with existing PSO (Particle Swarm Optimisation) and PABFD (Best Fit Decreasing). The performance evaluation of the proposed method is done using power consumption, SLA, CPU utilisation, RAM utilisation, Execution time (ms) and the number of VM migrations. The performance evaluation is done using two simulation scenarios with scaling workload in scenario 1 and increasing resources for the virtual machine to study the performance in underloaded and overloaded conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed HHO algorithm improved execution time(ms) by 4%, had a 27% reduction in power consumption, a 16% reduction in SLA violation and an increase in resource utilisation by 17%. The HHO algorithm is also effective in handling dynamic and uncertain environments, making it suitable for real-world cloud infrastructures.

This paper proposes a hybridized model for air quality forecasting that combines the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) called (HHO-SVR). The proposed HHO-SVR model utilizes five datasets from the environmental protection agency’s Downscaler Model (DS) to predict Particulate Matter () levels. In order to assess the efficacy of the suggested HHO-SVR forecasting model, we employ metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Average, Standard Deviation (SD), Best Fit, Worst Fit, and CPU time. Additionally, we contrast our methodology with recently created models that have been published in the literature, such as the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO), Barnacles Mating Optimizer (BMO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO). In particular, the proposed HHO-SVR model outperforms other approaches, establishing it as the optimal model based on its superior results.

The consumption of energy and carbon emission in cloud datacenters are the alarming issues in recent times, while optimizing the average response time and service level agreement (SLA) violations. Handful of researches have been conducted in these domains during virtual machine placement (VMP) in cloud milieu. Moreover it is hard to find researches on VMP considering the cloud regions and the availability zones along with the datacenters, although both of them play significant roles in VMP. Hence, we have worked on a novel approach to propose a hybrid metaheuristic technique combining the salp swarm optimization and emperor penguins colony algorithm, i.e. SSEPC to place the virtual machines in the most suitable regions, availability zones, datacenters, and servers in a cloud environment, while optimizing the mentioned quality of service parameters. Our suggested technique is compared with some of the contemporary hybrid algorithms in this direction like Sine Cosine Algorithm and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SCA-SSA), Genetic Algorithm and Tabu-search Algorithm (GATA), and Order Exchange & Migration algorithm and Ant Colony System algorithm (OEMACS) to test its efficacy. It is found that the proposed SSEPC is consuming 4.4%, 8.2%, and 16.6% less energy and emitting 28.8%, 32.83%, and 37.45% less carbon, whereas reducing the average response time by 11.43%, 18.57%, and 26% as compared to its counterparts GATA, OEMACS, and SCA-SSA respectively. In case of SLA violations, SSEPC has shown its effectiveness by lessening the value of this parameter by 0.4%, 1.2%, and 2.8% as compared to SCA-SSA, GATA, and OEMACS respectively.

Cloud providers generally run one or more Virtual Machine (VM) instances on the same physical machine. Though it increases data center utilization, it exposes VM to a co-location attack. VM placement and migration are the two strategies adopted for mitigating co-locations. Current methods for VM placement or VM migration consider only security as decision criteria and do not consider other factors like Quality-of-Service degradation, data center utilization, etc. This work proposes a placement and migration strategy for mitigation of co-location attacks with joint consideration of multi objectives like QoS, data center utilization, energy consumption, and security risks. A security-driven multi-criteria optimization -based VM placement policy is proposed. A joint consideration of multiobjective performance optimization along with co-location security risk minimization is done to design a novel VM placement policy based on user categorization. The policy can reduce the likelihood of co-location target VM with attacker VM without much degradation to the performance of VM and data center utilization. The solution mitigates co-location risks without much compromise to the performance of VM and data center resource utilization. The co-residence risk is mitigated by the categorization of users into three levels i.e. unlabeled, risky, and safe, and physical machines into two groups as safe and unsafe. The PMs available in data center is grouped into three different VM placement policies, they are undecided pool, safe pool and unsafe pool.

A metaheuristic method for joint task scheduling and virtual machine placement in cloud data centers

ABSTRACTThe optimal design and installation of hybrid photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) distributed generation (DG), and battery energy storage system (BESS) in radial distribution network (RDN) using dynamic arithmetic optimization algorithm (DAOA) is the main purpose of this work. The DAOA algorithm is the improved version of arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) which is widely used in the field of Electrical Engineering to solve the different optimization tasks. The simultaneous minimization of active power loss and voltage deviation is taken as the objectives to improve the efficiency of the distribution network using hybrid PV/WT/BESS system. To establish the efficacy of the suggested DAOA method, it is examined on two very well‐known test systems (33‐bus and 69‐bus). The uncertainty of power generation from PV‐ and WT‐based DG due to solar irradiance and wind speed variation also is taken into consideration. The cost analysis of the hybrid PV/WT/BESS system as well as active power loss cost are also assessed in this study. The result comparison shows that the DAOA algorithm gives supreme result in case of active power losses, voltage deviation, and benefits in active power lost cost. This algorithm has good speed of response and solution quality when hybrid PV/WT/BESS system allocation problem of the distribution network with simultaneous power loss reduction and voltage deviation minimization is executed in RDN. The placement of hybrid PV/WT/BESS system in 33‐bus reduces the active power loss by 44.27%, 41.47%, 46.23% using DAOA and 44.26%, 39.87%, 45.18% using AOA for normal loading, 15% increased loading, and 10% decreased loading, respectively. Similar results are also observed for 69‐bus test system. Moreover, if the performance of the DAOA, AOA, immune clone selection algorithm (ICSA), clone selection algorithm (CSA), manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for PV, WT, BESS‐ based 33‐bus system are observed, it can be noticed that DAOA gives annual savings of 10$, 496$, 505$, 669$, and 554$ as compared to AOA, ICSA, CSA, MRFO, and PSO, respectively. Similarly for PV, WT, BESS‐based 69‐bus system, it is observed that DAOA gives annual savings of 29$, 3147$, 3154$, 3342$, and 3158$ as compared to AOA, ICSA, CSA, MRFO, and PSO, respectively. In case of solution quality, the DAOA method grants its superiority over several optimization methods found in the literature.

The identification of key information hidden in non-stationary signals is challenging in various fields such as logistics and transportation, biomedicine, and fault diagnosis. To facilitate this identification, we propose a back propagation neural network (BPNN) classification and recognition algorithm based on wavelet threshold denoising (WTD) and manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm for the first time. The algorithm first performs WTD on the original signals to obtain denoised signals. Subsequently, the MRFO algorithm is utilized to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BPNN. On the base of this, the optimization model is finally obtained to classify and recognize the key information in the non-stationary signals. The comparative experimental results indicate that the proposed WTD-MRFO-BPNN algorithm can be utilized to availably recognize the key information hidden in non-stationary signals. The recognition accuracy reaches 97.25%.

It is difficult for tunnel boring machine (TBM) operators to respond for safe and high-efficient construction without accurate reference parameters such as the TBM thrust. A new hybrid model (MRFO-AT-TELM) combining an improved two-hidden-layer extreme learning machine (AT-TELM) and manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm is proposed to predict TBM thrust with 12 selected input featuring parameters. The affine transformation (AT) activation function is used to improve the performance of TELM. Input weights and bias of AT-TELM are optimized using the MRFO algorithm. The performance of the proposed model is validated with TBM construction data collected from the Yin-Song Project in China and compared with other models. Input data of the first 30, 60, and 90 seconds of the rising period are analyzed. Results show that the proposed model is superior to the other models and with 90-second data as input outperforms that with 30 and 60-seconds data. The proposed model and the selected input features are validated in a new project. The thrust prediction model can be embedded into the TBM construction intelligence system and thus help improve construction efficiency.

Virtual machine (VM) placement is the process of selecting the most suitable server in large cloud data centers to deploy newly-created VMs. Several approaches have been proposed to find a solution to this problem. However, most of the existing solutions only consider a limited number of resource types, thus resulting in unbalanced load or in the unnecessary activation of physical servers. In this article, we propose an algorithm, called Max-BRU, that maximizes the resource utilization and balances the usage of resources across multiple dimensions. Our algorithm is based on multiple resource-constraint metrics that help to find the most suitable server for deploying VMs in large cloud data centers. The proposed Max-BRU algorithm is evaluated by simulations based on synthetic datasets. Experimental results show two major improvements over the existing approaches for VM placement. First, Max-BRU increases the resource utilization by minimizing the amount of physical servers used. Second, Max-BRU effectively balances the utilization of multiple types of resources.

Large-scale photovoltaic system (PV) installation can affect power system operation, stability, and reliability because of the non-linear characteristic of the PV system installation. DC/AC and DC/DC converters are the major devices use in connecting PV into the grid. These converters are liable to power quality problem if the proper control mechanism is not adopted. This study presents an optimal control technique to improve dynamic operation of PV grid-connected system. An optimal control method with use of Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO), is implemented as a control strategy for tuning the proportional-integral (PI) controllers of DC/DC and DC/AC converters for the integration of the PV system into the grid. The MRFO is chosen because of its ease of implementation and requirement of less adjusting parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is studied under irradiance variation. The obtained results demonstrate the superior performance of the MRFO over five other metaheuristic algorithms (i.e., grey wolf optimization, whale optimization, grasshopper optimization, atom search optimization, and salp swarm algorithm) in terms of convergence rate and optimal global solution capture. The entire simulation model is established using MATLAB editor and Simulink. The acquired transient result shows the functionality and viability of the MRFO approach.

Cloud data centers are hosting more and more complicated applications or services. This makes the network bandwidth becoming essential and critical for the normal application conduction or service provision. Hence, it is necessary to consider the network issue appropriately when eploying virtual machines (VMs) to avoid the network bottleneck and to guarantee the quality of services. In this paper, we focus on the VM placement problem for minimizing the maximal link utilization to avoid network congestion. We formulate the VM placement problem by representing the user requests with resource topologies, and prove the problem to be NP-hard. We present a heuristic algorithm based on the graph theory, which takes the resource topologies into account. The basic idea is to divide the requested VMs into servers with low network communication cost by analyzing the resource topology. We conduct extensive simulations, and the results show that our algorithm has a significant performance improvement on reducing network occupation compared to the best-fit strategy and divide-and-conquer strategy.

An overview of virtual machine placement schemes in cloud computing