Visualizing Landscapes by Geospatial Techniques

A web-based distributed system for monitoring and forecasting of the marine environment has been developed in line with INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe (INSPIRE) and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) recommendations for a European Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This system, called DISPRO, enables integration and distribution of multi-source data from satellites, aircraft, and in situ instruments, as well as results from numerical models. Geographic data and metadata are stored on a set of distributed computer nodes and retrieved and integrated by a web GIS client by means of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Server (WMS) technologies. A profile of ISO 19115 was developed for metadata handling, using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a platform independent encoding mechanism. DISPRO has been demonstrated in six European coastal zone and ocean regions in the spring and summer of 2005. The overall positive experiences of both service providers and end users indicate that the system should be further developed into an operational GMES service.

The Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) Directive (2007) requires public organisations across Europe to share environmentally-related spatial datasets to support decision making and management of the environment. Despite the environmental focus of INSPIRE, it offers limited guidance for archaeological datasets. Most primary data is created outside, but ultimately curated within, the public sector. As spatial evidence from fieldwork activities is not considered by the Directive, it overlooks a range of barriers to sharing data, such as project-based fieldwork, a lack of data standards, and formatting and licencing variations. This paper submits that these challenges are best addressed through the formalised management of primary research data through an archaeological Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). SDIs deliver more efficient data management and release economic value by saving time and money. Better stewardship of archaeological data will also lead to more informed research and stewardship of the historic environment. ARIADNE already provides a digital infrastructure for research data, but the landscape and spatial component has been largely overlooked. However, rather than developing a separate solution, the full potential of spatial data from archaeological research can and should be realised through ARIADNE.

The European Commission (EC) has established climate neutrality by 2050 as one of its objectives. To achieve this, decarbonising the building stock is crucial since buildings are responsible for 36% of European greenhouse gas emissions. Monitoring the progress of decarbonisation is crucial to understand where we stand in terms of achieving long-term decarbonisation goals, facilitate evidence-based decision-making, promote accountability among member states (MS), and engage the public in these initiatives. However, data collection for monitoring the decarbonisation of buildings represents a challenge for MS, for which they may not be adequately prepared.To promote the collection and publication of open data, the EC has established frameworks for developing open data infrastructures within MS through various directives, offering comprehensive and well-organized information. Directives such as the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE), which advocates for the collection and accessibility of data in diverse topics, and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), enabling the analysis of extensive information on the energy efficiency of constructed assets through the open publication of Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) databases, exemplify these efforts. However, this information often remains dispersed and narrowly focused, necessitating the integration of other data sources to extract meaningful insights.The paper delves into the benefits of georeferencing and automated cross-referencing of open data on buildings, enabling the monitoring of decarbonisation progress. To achieve this, we have developed a national-scale Urban Building Energy Model (UBEM) for Spain. This model is founded on EPCs and other open data derived from public information sources established through European directives. Additionally, we have investigated the prospect of integrating data from Digital Building Logbooks (DBL), which are emerging data repositories on buildings promoted by the EC in the forthcoming EPBD, into the UBEM to enhance the model.The study showcases significant potential in developing information on various topics, including characterising the Spanish building stock — a framework that may be extrapolated to other MS — in terms of energy performance based on location, archetype, and age. The study also focuses on estimating energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, monitoring the progress of renovations, evaluating the achieved energy savings, and identifying and characterising the least energy-efficient segments of the building stock.

The mutual identification of spatial objects is a fundamental issue when updating geographic data with other data sets. Representations of spatial objects in different sources may not have the same identifiers, which would unambiguously assign them to each other. Intersections of spatial objects can be used for this purpose, but this does not allow for the detection of possible changes and their quantification. The aim of this paper is to propose a simple, applicable procedure for calculating the shape similarity measure, which should be able to efficiently identify different representations of spatial objects in two data sources, even though they may be changed or generalised. The main result is the aggregated index of shape similarity and instructions for its calculation and implementation. The shape similarity index is based on the calculation of the set similarity, the distance of the boundaries, and the differences in the area, perimeter, and number of the vertices of areal spatial objects. In the case study, the footprints of the building complexes in Dúbravka (part of the city of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia) are compared using data from OpenStreetMap and INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) Buildings. A contribution to the quality check of the OpenStreetMap data is then a secondary result. The proposed method can be effectively used in the semi-automatic integration of heterogeneous data sources, updating the data source with other spatial data, or in their quality control.

Artificial intelligence and mixed reality are realities now, not just ideas from science fiction films. AI analyzes data and can provide interpretation, just like the human brain. The efficiency and accuracy of this are causing the globe to adopt it presently. As opposed to mixed reality (MR), which combines the actual and virtual worlds to create new locations and scenarios, where things are both digital and tangible and interact with each other in real time. With a focus on Indian education, this paper provides a thorough overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and mixed reality technologies and their prospective educational applications. Together, artificial intelligence (AI) and mixed reality can revolutionize education by enhancing learning outcomes and bringing fresh resources to the classroom that have the power to change traditional methods of instruction. Like any new technology, there are hazards involved in using it, though. Experts are even in danger because of its immense power, which has the potential to fundamentally alter several industries and cause a large number of job losses. which has the potential to fundamentally alter several industries and cause a large number of job losses. Keywords -- Mixed Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Indian Education

New computing and modelling technology allows the reconstruction of post-mining landforms using geomorphic design principles. It is important that such designs be evaluated and if needed, re-designed or reshaped so that soil loss is minimized and geomorphologically and therefore ecologically integrate with the surrounding landscape. One landscape assessment method is to use a computer based Landscape Evolution Models (LEMs). LEMs allow different designs to be input and will highlight where erosion will occur and type of erosion (i.e. sheetwash, rilling, gullying) as well as erosion rate. Here, landscape designs for the Santa Engracia mine in East-Central Spain were designed and constructed using geomorphic principles using the GeoFluv method and Natural Regrade software. These design landscapes were evaluated using the SIBERIA LEM. The results demonstrate that using suitable topsoil and if vegetation can be established the landscapes will have minimal sheet and gully erosion.  Erosion forecasts (5.3 - 15.2 t ha-1 yr-1) are significantly lower than the previous landscape (~350 t ha-1 yr-1) using conventional (terraced) reconstruction methods. The design and assessment methods described here provide procedure that can be used at other sites to highlight strengths and weakness of a landscape design process. The combination of geomorphic design and assessment using a landscape evolution at this project (LIFE RIBERMINE) presents a new standard for mine rehabilitation landform design in Europe.

Abstract. On the judicial basis of § 196 Baugesetzbuch (BauGB, 2018) every municipality in the Federal Republic of Germany must publish standard land values in €/m2 for its whole district area in a biennial cycle. The standard land values have to be derived comprehensively for different land use categories within this district. With the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) all the necessary data for the derivation of the standard land values can be analyzed. This data consists of cadastral information (ALKIS) (AdV, 2008) for each municipality district like streets, buildings, land parcels, areas of application for special building law as well as geocoded data about purchasing prices within the district’s real estate transactions. The following work contributes to both requirements, the statutory determination of the standard land values answering the legal necessity and the setting up of the generated geo data in the Web according to the transparency demanded by the European INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) directive. This report describes the implementation of the automated process of the setup of the relevant data layers based on ALKIS data in an Open Source GIS (QGIS) using SQL and Python scripts. The standard land values are visualized and presented in a Web GIS. After the evaluation of different alternatives, QGIS Server and Lizmap, an Open Source QGIS Web Client, were used for the web based presentation and accordingly configured.

The digital climate atlas of the Canary Islands: A tool to improve knowledge of climate and temperature and precipitation trends in the Atlantic islands

With the progress of the times, artificial intelligence and other high-tech applications in our daily life more and more widely. With the acceleration of urbanization process, in the process of rapid development of the city, people not only work and live, but also have higher requirements for the urban environment, and ecological garden construction has also been rapid development. It is an important problem for landscape designers how to allocate plants effectively and give full play to the ornamental and ecological characteristics of landscape. In order to make the plant design research in landscape design keep up with the pace of the development of this era, and make the plant design research in landscape design more successful, this paper puts forward the development method of applying artificial intelligence technology to plant design in landscape design. The application of artificial intelligence technology in modern landscape design is bound to be the development trend of mainstream design. In the practice process of plant design in landscape design, the design method of artificial intelligence is integrated, and some excellent design methods are selected, so as to formulate a set of diversified development scheme which is most suitable for plant design in the new era. Through the analysis, the research method proposed in this paper provides a new development idea for the study of the impact of artificial intelligence on the diversity of plant design in landscape design.

The natural development of the region of North-West Bohemia has been affected by human activity in many ways. In the brown-coal basin, the open-pit mines and the heavy/chemical industry have completely changed the shape of the georelief, including hydrographic networks, land-use and settlement. The neighboring Ore Mountains are victims of settlement extinction caused by the political situation after the Second World War and huge water dam constructions. In this paper different methods for preserving the changes that have been occurred in this region. The methods include historical data processing, modelling, reconstructions, analysis and visualizations. Historical data preprocessing is a very important part of the project as it influences the overall quality of all the results. Different methods for old maps, georeferencing, and aerial imagery processing and digital terrain models derivation were tested and used throughout the project. Data supporting the research were obtained directly in the field using the KAP (Kite Aerial Photography) and UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology. The task concerning modelling and reconstruction is based on data derived from defined time-line of processed data—here we covered the period from 1720 up to nowadays. The results of this part of the project are high quality digital terrain models derived for different time periods, hydrological network reconstructions, land-use development, and extinct settlement 3D reconstructions. Analysis and visualization was performed within the GIS environment. All the processed data are published using the ArcGIS for Server technology offering data visualizations and basic analysis to the public within the Internet. The information system resulting from this project will offer a comprehensive source of processed historical data for other scientific usages and for preserving the cultural heritage of this region for further generations.

Hybrid Reality (HyR) is the place where human beings and artificial entities interact. HyR modelling relies simultaneously on the cognitive power of humans and artificial entities. In addition, HyR is an evolving paradigm where natural and artificial intelligence can intervene in processes that demand proper control. This work aims to lay the foundation for a systematic approach to understanding and modeling present and future human–machine symbiosis under a systems engineering perspective. It introduces a novel cyber-systemic methodology for managing the engineering of purposeful regulation for HyR phenomena by integrating the Blockchain technology framework and principled methods of cybernetics. This formalized interdisciplinary methodology integrates system dynamics, agent-based computation, artificial intelligence, and Blockchain-powered security and safety layers. The Blockchain framework, seen under a new cyber-systemic perspective, provides new opportunities and tools for the organization and control of HyR. A Cybersystemic Security Kit is here defined as a major component of the methodology, representing a candidate to offer viable breakthroughs in the field with respect to the best practices of Industry 5.0 when a systemically augmented perspective is adopted. Ongoing research and experimentation in the real field of sustainable supply chains is used as a motivating use case to support the proposed position. The industrial target is the primary one in its multi-dimensional and multi-faceted sustainability impacts, but this study will also reveal other potential societal areas of intervention.

In this paper we chose East China Jiaotong University as a case to study the digital campus 3D landscape modeling technology. Using the GIS and virtual reality technology and the Google SketchUp, we build 3D digital campus landscape model and design attributes database. This study laid the foundation for further research of the East Jiaotong University digital campus.

Cartography and geoinformatics are technical-based which deal with modelling and visualization of landscape in the form of a map. For the given subjects, mathematics is necessary for understanding of many procedures that are connected to modelling of the Earth as a celestial body, to ways of its projection into a plane, to methods and procedures of modelling of landscape and phenomena in society and visualization of these models in the form of electronic as well as classic paper maps. Not only general mathematics, but also its extension of differential geometry of curves and surfaces, ways of approximation of lines and surfaces of functional surfaces, mathematical statistics and multi-criterial analyses seem to be suitable and needful. Underestimation of the significance of mathematical education in cartography and geoinformatics is inappropriate and lowers competences of cartographers and geoinformaticians to solve problems.

The traditional methods of urban landscape planning and design cannot integrate designs into the entire planning scenes planning processes, and cannot efficiently, intuitively and coordinately express planning effects of multiple schemes and large scenes. With the development of computer science and technology, virtual reality (VR) technology, which is based on similar theory, mathematical theory, control theory, and graphics processing theory, is playing an important role in many aspects of urban landscape planning and design. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this article expounded the research status and significances of three-dimensional (3D) visualized urban landscape planning and design, elaborated the development background, current status and future challenges of VR technology, introduced the methods and principles of spatial roaming sorting algorithm and evaluation indicator screening and system construction, established 3D database and virtual scene model of urban landscapes, performed 3D visualized urban landscape modeling, realized 3D presentation of virtual scene landscape, discussed the integration and optimization of landscape design schemes, analyzed the 3D modeling and interactive adjustment of the landscape planning and design schemes, and finally conducted simulation experiment and its result analysis. The results show that the VR technology provides designer with realistic information processing effects through intelligent drawing, full display and timely information, which greatly improves design efficiency and effectively promotes design quality; the 3D visualized technology can transmit a large number of information through graphics in a short time, enabling professionals to intuitively and quickly observe test results or interactively process these results.

In addition to creativity, modern landscape design also needs some auxiliary tools to predict the design effect, so as to ensure the design effect before the completion of the landscape. With the development of computer network and electronic information technology, human society has entered the information age, and artificial intelligence technology has been applied to all walks of life. With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has existed in all aspects of our lives and has a great impact on our lives. At the same time, through the achievements in recent years, artificial intelligence gradually affects other fields such as design. Therefore, combined with the current situation of landscape design auxiliary system in China, this paper introduces artificial intelligence and information technology into it, and makes the landscape design auxiliary system get further development with the help of artificial intelligence and information technology. This paper first introduces artificial intelligence, analyzes the advantages and development trend of automatic informatization of landscape design auxiliary system, and finally discusses the application of artificial intelligence technology in landscape design auxiliary system.