Voice Pathology Detection and Classification Using Auto-Correlation and Entropy Features in Different Frequency Regions

Automatic voice pathology detection and classification using vocal tract area irregularity

MMHFNet: Multi-modal and multi-layer hybrid fusion network for voice pathology detection

A novel voice pathology detection technique through deep neural networks utilizing speech and electroglottographic signals

Automatic detection and assessment of Vocal Folds pathologies using signal processing techniques knows an extensively challenge use in the voice or speech research community. This paper contributes the application of the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) to a glottal signal waveform in order to evaluate the dynamic process of Vocal Folds (VFs) for diagnosis and classify the voice disorders. The proposed solution starts by extracting the glottal signal waveform from the voice signal through an inverse filtering algorithm. In the next step, the parameters of RQA are determined via the Recurrent Plot (RP) structure of the glottal signal where the normal voice is considered as a reference. Finally, these parameters are used as input features set of a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machines (PSO-SVM) algorithms to segregate between normal and pathological voices. For the test validation, we have adopted the collection of Saarbrucken Voice Database (SVD) where we have selected the long vowel /a:/ of 133 normal samples and 260 pathological samples uttered by four groups of subjects : persons having suffered from vocal folds paralysis, persons having vocal folds polyps, persons having spasmodic dysphonia and normal voices. The obtained results show the effectiveness of RQA applied to the glottal signal as a features extraction technique. Indeed, the PSO-SVM as a classification method presented an effective tool for assessment and diagnosis of pathological voices with an accuracy of 97.41%

Automatic voice pathology detection enables objective assessment of pathologies that affect the voice production mechanism. Detection systems have been developed using the traditional pipeline approach (consisting of the feature extraction part and the detection part) and using the modern deep learning -based end-to-end approach. Due to the lack of vast amounts of training data in the study area of pathological voice, the former approach is still a valid choice. In the existing detection systems based on the traditional pipeline approach, the mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) features can be regarded as the defacto standard feature set. In this study, automatic voice pathology detection is investigated by comparing the performance of various MFCC variants derived by considering two factors: the input and the filterbank in the cepstrum computation. For the first factor, three inputs (the voice signal, the glottal source and the vocal tract) are compared. The glottal source and the vocal tract are estimated using the quasi-closed phase glottal inverse filtering method. For the second factor, the mel-frequency and linear-frequency filterbanks are compared. Experiments were conducted separately using six databases consisting of voices produced by speakers suffering from one of four disorders (dysphonia, Parkinson’s disease, laryngitis, or heart failure) and by healthy speakers. Support vector machine (SVM) was used as the classifier. The results show that by combining mel- and linear-frequency cepstral coefficients derived from the glottal source and vocal tract, better overall detection accuracy was obtained compared to the defacto MFCC features derived from the voice signal. Furthermore, this combination provided comparable or better performance than four existing cepstral feature extraction techniques in clean and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions.

Voice pathology analysis has been one of the useful tools in the diagnosis of the pathological voice. This method is non-invasive, inexpensive and reduces time required for analysis. This paper investigates the feature extraction based on the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Packet Transform (DT-CWPT) with entropies and energy measures tested with two classifiers, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Feature selection using ReliefF algorithm is applied to reduce redundancy features set and obtain the optimum features for classification. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) voice disorders database and Saarbruecken Voice Database (SVD) are used. This research was done on multiclass and by specific pathology. The experimental results automates the process of voice analysis hence produce promising results of the presence of diseases in vocal folds.

The article presents a set of experiments on pathological voice detection over the Saarbrucken Voice Database (SVD). The SVD is freely available online containing a collection of voice recordings of different pathologies, both functional and organic. It includes recordings for more than 2000 speakers in which sustained vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/ are pronounced with normal, low, high, and low-high-low intonations. This variety of sounds makes possible to set different experiments, and in this paper a comparison between the performance of a system where all the vowels and intonations are pooled together to train a single model per class, and a system where a different model per class is trained for each vowel and intonation, and the scores of each subsystem are fused at the end, is conducted. The first approach is what we call audio level fusion, and the second is what we call score level fusion. For classification, a generative Gaussian mixture model trained with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, harmonics-to-noise ratio, normalized noise energy and glottal-to-noise excitation ratio, is used. It is shown that the score level fusion is far more effective than the audio level fusion.

In recent years, voice pathology detection (VPD) has received considerable attention because of the increasing risk of voice problems. Several methods, such as support vector machine and convolutional neural network-based models, achieve good VPD performance. To further improve the performance, we use a self-supervised pretrained model as feature representation instead of explicit speech features. When the pretrained model is fine-tuned for VPD, an overfitting problem occurs due to a domain shift from conversation speech to the VPD task. To mitigate this problem, we propose an adversarial task adaptive pretraining (A-TAPT) approach by incorporating adversarial regularization during the continual learning process. Experiments on VPD using the Saarbrucken Voice Database show that the proposed A-TAPT improves the unweighted average recall (UAR) by an absolute increase of 12.36% and 15.38% compared with SVM and ResNet50, respectively. It is also shown that the proposed A-TAPT achieves a UAR that is 2.77% higher than that of conventional TAPT learning.

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in the age of occurrence of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) in patients presenting to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) from 2007 through 2013.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingAcademic...

In this paper, a mode decomposition analysis-based adaptive approach is proposed to provide high diagnostic performance for automated voice pathology detection systems. The aim of the study is to develop a reliable and effective system using adaptive cepstral domain features derived from the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and complete empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) methods. The descriptive feature sets are obtained by applying mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and their derivatives, linear predictive coefficients (LPCs) and linear predictive cepstral coefficients (LPCCs) techniques to each decomposition level. The class-balanced data are generated on the VOice ICar fEDerico II database samples using the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). The ReliefF algorithm is used to select the most effective and distinctive features. A combination of selected features and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used to identify pathological voices. In the pathology detection approach, the results show that the cepstral features based on EMD and SVM-cubic achieves the highest performance with 99.85\% accuracy, 99.85\% F1-score and 0.997 Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). In pathology-type classification, the cepstral features based on EEMD and SVM-quadratic approach provided the highest performance with 96.49\% accuracy, 96.46\% F1 and 0.949 MCC values. The comprehensive results of this study reveal that mode decomposition-based approaches are more successful and effective than traditional methods for detection and classification of pathological voices.

Deep learning methods are data-driven. But for pathological voice detection, it is difficult to obtain high-quality labeled data. In this work, a weakly supervised learning Method is presented to improve the quality of existing datasets by learning sample weights and fine-grained labels. First, A convolutional neural network (CNN) is devised as the basic architecture to detect the pathological voice. Then, a proposed self-training algorithm is used to iteratively run and automatically learn the sample weights and fine-grained labels. These learned sample weights and fine-grained labels are used to train the CNN model from scratch. The experiment results on the Saarbrucken Voice database show that the diagnosis accuracy improved from 75.7 to 82.5%, with a 6.8% improvement in accuracy over the CNN models trained with the original dataset. This work demonstrates that the weakly supervised learning method can significantly improve the classification performance to distinguish pathological voice and healthy voice.KeywordsWeakly supervised learningPathological voiceAcoustic analysisDeep learningConvolutional neural network

Chapter 7 - Windowed modified discrete cosine transform based textural descriptor approach for voice disorder detection

The voice pathology detection using automatic classification systems is a useful way to diagnose voice diseases. In this paper, we propose a novel tool to detect voice pathology based on an incremental possibilistic SVM-HMM method which can be applied to serval practical applications using non-stationary or a very large-scale data in purpose to reduce the memory issues faced during the storage of the kernel matrix. The proposed system includes the steps of using SVM to incrementally compute possibilitic probabilities and then they will be used by HMM in order to detect voice pathologies. We evaluated the proposed method on the task of the detection of voice pathologies using voices samples from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Voice and Speech Laboratory (MEEI) database. According to the detection rates obtained by our system, the performance sounds robust, efficient and speed applied to a task of voices pathology detection.

Application of Wavelet Analysis and Paraconsistent Feature Extraction in the Classification of Voice Pathologies.

Speech is the underlying strong characteristic and voice is the vibration that the air creates as it's pushed out of the lungs and going into the vocal cords. Vocal cords are two folds of tissue within the larynx, sometimes called a speech box, the sound of these strings is what gives rise to speech.Anything that interferes with vocal cord movement or contact can cause a voice disorder. Speech production may often be compromised as social stressors contribute to chronic aphonia or dysphonia.Machine learning algorithm and non-invasive systems may play a major role in the early detection and in tracking and even development of efficient pathological speech diagnosis, based on a computerized acoustic analysis. A strong voice impairment dataset will help in recognition and classification ofincreasing number of voice disorders in and outside the Arab area. The database protocols for AVPD (Arabic voice pathology database) has been developed in a way to prevent previous data base deficiencies in widely used databases like MEEI (Massachusetts eye and ear infirmary) and SVD (Saarbrücken voice database).