Waste management through smart bin

Abstract. In a world where urban populations are on the rise, maintaining cleanliness and sanitation is crucial for our well-being. Unfortunately, many cities are facing the challenge of overflowing trash cans, leading to unsanitary conditions that can contribute to the spread of various illnesses. This not only affects our health but also diminishes our quality of life. To combat this issue and uplift living standards, it is imperative to implement an efficient and intelligent waste management strategy. Enter Smart Bins - the innovative solution designed to revolutionize waste collection without relying on manual labour. The primary goal of developed Smart Bins is simple yet impactful - to streamline waste collection from any location seamlessly. By deploying cutting-edge technology, these intelligent bins can autonomously gather all types of waste without human intervention, ensuring a cleaner environment for us all. To be more precise, the aim of the Smart Bins is to collect all waste from any site without the need for human labour and to separate it into several categories, such as dry, wet, metal and other waste.

Waste management should be carried out by implementing the concept of the 3Rs. Waste is generated in various places including in schools. Students frequently do not collect the waste into a trash can and often leave the waste in the schoolyard, desk drawers. Even though the slogan “keep the school clean” is instructed to the students, but they still often litter the school environment. This activity aims to improve students’ litter education in waste management by implementing the 3Rs and providing trash cans with attractive pictures to attract students to collect the waste into the trash cans. The method was participatory method and training to manage waste based on the concept of the 3Rs. The result shows that students were able to manage waste by applying the concept of the 3Rs. Students understood the concepts of the 3Rs, and created some products such as phone stand, hand soap dispenser, and reusable grocery bags. Trash cans with attractive pictures were provided in several areas around the school such as teachers’ room, canteen, and classroom. Students actively participated in waste management by applying the 3Rs. This activity beneficially reduces environmental pollution and simultaneously improves personal autonomy in environmental sustainability.

Globalization and industrialization have significantly impacted the dynamics of waste generation, management, collection, and processing, resulting in increasing amounts of various types of waste and serious environmental challenges. This paper analyzes the treatment and recycling of construction waste through the legislative framework and presents key challenges in the implementation of green policies in the Republic of Croatia. The methodological framework is based on a qualitative analysis of normative acts at the national level. Through statistical analysis and a detailed review of the waste categorization process, including the origin, type, and properties of waste, as well as statistical data on the produced, collected, and utilized amounts of construction waste in 2022, an insight into the current state of the construction waste management sector is provided. The example of the company “Reciklaža Mišić” demonstrates how recovered construction waste can lose its waste status and be used as recycled aggregate if the assessment and verification of the constancy of performance are carried out according to the technical specification aligned with the legal regulations governing construction products. The research results indicate the need for further familiarization of the construction sector with the procedure for removing waste status so that recycled aggregates can become a construction product and ensure market placement of materials, thereby contributing to the circular economy and reducing environmental burden. In conclusion, the research shows that achieving sustainable construction waste management requires further strengthening of the economic sector, better integration of ecological principles, and active involvement of the local community in the waste management process.

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With the increase in population, the amount of waste generated has increased significantly worldwide and proper waste management has become inevitable. In majority of the cities, trash cans are over flowing due to untimely management of waste. An effective system is required to collect the waste from trash cans and prevent overflow. For cleaner environment and implementation of smart cities, it is essential to reduce overflowing litter cans by a monitoring system. The proposed system keeps track on trash cans and detects the level in it and updates it in a web page. The same could be viewed on a mobile app of the garbage collector and determine the shortest path by linking various routes of the almost full bins. Alerts are produced as in app-notifications for the user. The IoT based garbage monitoring system will enable to maintain a cleaner community.

The increasing volume of different types of wastes from various sources is an important environmental problem due to the ever growing migration and successive urbanization. Enzymes are biological catalysts found in plants, animals, and microorganisms with numerous potential applications. Microbial enzymes have been used in the recycling and management of wastes through enzymatic degradation and remediation, resulting in less toxic useful products. Microbial enzymes are classified based on their mechanisms of action as oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases, with oxidoreductases and hydrolases being the most utilized in waste treatment and recycling. Microbial oxidoreductases are involved in catalyzing oxidation–reduction reactions in harmful biodegradable materials to produce nontoxic products. The oxidoreductases employed in waste degradation include oxygenases (monooxygenases and dioxygenases), laccases, and peroxidases. Microbial hydrolases catalyze the breakdown of waste biomass especially from the food, agricultural, chemical, and biomedical industries by addition of water molecules to the waste materials. Some microbial enzymes with hydrolytic properties include cellulases, hemicellulases, proteases, lipases, amylases, lactases, xylanases, and pullulanases. Compared to the conventional chemical methods, recycling of wastes using microbial enzymes has great significance in bioremediation as they are specific, fast, relatively cheap, can be applied across a wide variety of contaminants, and greatly reduce the waste and, at the same time, produce useful products. However, microbial enzymes are not devoid of limitations such as selection of the most suitable microbial enzymes for recycling and the ability of these enzymes to retain their active nature under normal conditions of operation for a prolonged period of time. Exploration of molecular studies will, in the near future, provide a clearer picture of the mechanisms of enzyme action either singly or in consortium with other enzymes during biodegradation and recycling of wastes to produce more valuable products.KeywordsBiodegradationBioremediationEnzymesMicroorganismsRecyclingWaste

Waste Segregation Using Smart Bin and Optimization of Collection Routes

Introduction: Biomedical waste (BMW) management is crucial for mitigating environmental and human health risks. Conventional methods, which include segregation, collection, transportation, and disposal, often fail to address the growing volumes of waste and the associated hazards. Aim: This article examines existing regional and worldwide practices, trends, challenges and the way forward in BMW management. Methodology: Peer-reviewed publications, conference papers, systematic reviews, and reports published in English that were searched using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were among the sources of information that were been synthesized in this review. Search terms included waste management, medical waste management, smart bins, AI, machine learning, and IoT. Results: Globally, disparities in BMW management practices persist, influenced by socio-economic conditions, regulatory frameworks, and resource availability. Developing regions often lack adequate infrastructure, leading to improper waste segregation, unsafe transportation, and open dumping, thereby exacerbating health and environmental risks. With approximately 75–90 percent of BMW being non-hazardous and the remainder requiring specialized handling, technological advancements. In India, for instance, it generates 1.5–2 kg of waste per bed daily, with an additional surge during the COVID 19 pandemic. Conclusion: Emerging AI-enabled solutions, such as smart bins, real-time monitoring, route optimisation, and blockchain technologies, demonstrate the potential to enhance efficiency, safety, and sustainability in BMW management. From Waste to Smart Transformations, AI-driven biomedical waste management has become a critical necessity at the global and regional levels, underscoring the urgent need for further extensive research in this field.

Digitalisation and intelligent robotics in value chain of circular economy oriented waste management – A review

Waste management issue has been a major threat and challenge due to the undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization not only to Malaysia, but also other countries around the world. To tackle that, the first step starts at household level where people are encouraged to try to manage their wastes properly. The aim of this study was to review the current practises of household waste management, to assess household awareness of the health and safety risked posed by inadequate handling of special household waste and to identify future prospect and potential for effective waste management system in Kampung Parit Haji Siraj, Ayer Hitam, Johor. A survey questionnaire was used to collect complete information on the objectives stated and the data were analysed using SPSS software. Results showed that 97.2% of residents were aware about waste management and social media with 80% contributed the most in delivering information about waste management to the public. The most type of solid waste generated from household were food waste and plastic with 94.4% and 86.1%, respectively. 66.7% of residents emptied their waste container once in 2 days and about 63.9% of the residents dispose their household waste in a hole near their compound. Majority of the residents are aware of any health and safety risked posed by inadequate handling of household waste. Lastly, waste management system in the area can be improved by providing proper waste disposal place and educating proper disposal ways to guarantee that residents do not discard their waste in an indiscriminate manner.

Waste management that is not integrated well causes a lack of public interest in disposing of garbage in its place. The impact caused can disrupt the health and cleanliness of the environment. Environmental cleanliness is an important thing that must be considered, a clean environment makes us feel serene and comfortable so it is very important to grow awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness by disposing of garbage in its place. The method used in this study is the design of the tool, with the needs of analysis, field circuit, tool making, testing and analysis tools. It needs innovation in today's hygiene system technology, one of which is making automatic trash cans to be more efficient in its use. By utilizing technology in its controlling system. A microcontroller-based automatic trash can be made to open and close the box automatically by using the Distance Sensor Control (Ultrasonic) and the servo motor function as the drive cap automatically. Automatic trash can with a microcontroller-based ultrasonic sensor can detect movements with a distance of 30 cm after it automatically servo open the garbage box lid, and delay for 5 seconds

Market’s solid waste that has accumulated can cause air pollution in the form of a n odor that disturbs market visitors, traders, and residents around the market. Solid waste that has accumulated is a breeding place for disease vectors, such as flies, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. This research aims to solve the problem of market waste management in the city of Bandar Lampung. Primary data obtained from survey results and direct measurements, namely the volume of waste generation, type of waste, and the composition of waste. S econdary data were obtained from market managers. Market waste management has not used the concept of waste reduction and waste management mandated in the Bandar Lampung City Laws and Regulations, the average amount of waste generation throughout the market is 46,747 kg/day, the average per day of each market ranges from 3,438 -11,703 kg/day. The type and composition of waste is an organic waste of 84.48% and inorganic waste of 15.52%. The economic potential of all market waste is Rp. 12,938,816/day or Rp. 388,164,480/month and Rp. 4,657,973,760/year. It is necessary to plan 3R TPS and socialize waste management following the mandate of Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, as well as the Regional Regulation of the City of Bandar Lampung No. 5 of 2015 concerning Waste Management in the City of Bandar Lampung.

Resource allocation and admission control algorithm based on non-cooperation game in wireless mesh networks

Our revolutionary waste management project introduces a comprehensive solution leveraging cutting-edge technology to transform traditional waste disposal systems. By integrating a smart mobile application and sensor-equipped trash cans, our initiative aims to streamline the waste disposal process, addressing challenges such as timing issues, accessibility concerns, and data management inefficiencies. The mobile app empowers users with real-time information on bin availability, optimal disposal times, and recycling practices, fostering a sense of responsibility and environmental sustainability among communities. Sensor-equipped trash cans strategically placed in public spaces communicate with the mobile app and municipal waste management systems via the Internet of Things (IoT), providing accurate, up-to-date data on bin statuses. This data-driven approach allows for dynamic optimization of waste collection routes, minimizing operational costs and environmental impact. Furthermore, municipalities can utilize real-time data insights to allocate resources efficiently, schedule maintenance based on usage patterns, and implement targeted educational campaigns. Overall, our technology-driven solution not only enhances efficiency in waste management but also contributes to reducing environmental pollution and promoting sustainable waste disposal practices. Keywords—Smart dustbins, proximity sensors, moisture sensors, App development, software and hardware integration

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) integrate the advantages of WLANs and mobile Ad Hoc networks, which have become the key techniques of next-generation wireless networks in the context of emergency recovery. Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are multi-hop wireless networks with instant deployment, self-healing, self-organization and self-configuration features. These capabilities make WMNs a promising technology for incident and emergency communication. An incident area network (IAN) needs a reliable and lively routing path during disaster recovery and emergency response operations when infrastructure-based communications and power resources have been destroyed and no routes are available. Power aware routing plays a significant role in WMNs, in order to provide continuous efficient emergency services. The existing power aware routing algorithms used in wireless networks cannot fully fit the characteristics of WMNs, to be used for emergency recovery. This paper proposes a power aware routing algorithm (PARA) for WMNs, which selects optimal paths to send packets, mainly based on the power level of next node along the path. This algorithm was implemented and tested in a proven simulator. The analytic results show that the proposed power node-type aware routing algorithm metric can clearly improve the network performance by reducing the network overheads and maintaining a high delivery ratio with low latency.