Watermarking Protocol for Web Context

Digital watermarking is one of the techniques that can be used to support digital copyright protection. It enables copyright owners to insert a perceptually invisible watermark within any copy of content that is distributed on the Internet. The main aim is to use watermarks to implement copyright identification and content tracking. However, digital watermarking is not sufficient to ensure an adequate copyright protection, if it is not employed in conjunction with watermarking protocols, which define the schemes of the web transactions by which buyers can purchase protected digital content distributed by content providers in a secure manner. Therefore, watermarking protocols play a central role in the field of digital copyright protection by means of watermarking techniques. They have to ensure both a correct content protection and an easy participation of buyers in the purchase transactions of the contents distributed on the Internet. This paper presents a new watermarking protocol based on an innovative, buyer centric, and mediated design approach. The result is a secure protocol that enables buyers to easily participate in the transactions by which they can buy digital protected content, and this makes the protocol suited for the current web context.

The transition from analog technologies to digital technologies has increased the ever-growing concern for protection and authentication of digital content and data. Owners of digital content of any type are seeking and exploring new technologies for the protection of copyrighted multimedia content. Multimedia protection has become an issue in recent years, and to deal with this issue, researchers are continuously searching for and exploring new effective and efficient technologies. This thesis study has been prepared in order to increase the invisibility and durability of invisible watermarking by using the multilayer Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the frequency plane and embedding two marks into an image for the purpose of authentication and copyright when digital content travels through an unsecured channel. A novel watermarking algorithm has been proposed based on five active positions and on using two marks. In addition to the extraction process, watermarking images will be subjected to a set of attack tests. The evaluation criteria have been the bases of assessing the value of SNR, PNSR, MAE and RMSE for both the watermarking images and the watermarking images after attacks, followed by the invisibility of the watermarking being measured before and after the attacks. Our lab results show high robustness and high quality images obtaining value for both SNR and PNSR.

In the digital information age, digital content (audio, image, and video) can be easily copied, manipulated, and distributed. Copyright protection and content authentication of digital content has become an urgent problem to content owners and distributors. Digital watermarking has provided a valuable solution to this problem. Based on its application scenario, most digital watermarking methods can be divided into two categories: robust watermarking and fragile watermarking. As a special subset of fragile watermark, reversible watermark (which is also called lossless watermark, invertible watermark, erasable watermark) enables the recovery of the original, unwatermarked content after the watermarked content has been detected to be authentic. Such reversibility to get back unwatermarked content is highly desired in sensitive imagery, such as military data and medical data. In this paper we present a reversible watermarking method based on an integer wavelet transform. We look into the binary representation of each wavelet coefficient and embed an extra bit to expandable wavelet coefficient. The location map of all expanded coefficients will be coded by JBIG2 compression and these coefficient values will be losslessly compressed by arithmetic coding. Besides these two compressed bit streams, an SHA-256 hash of the original image will also be embedded for authentication purpose.

Information security is one of the most important methods of protecting the confidentiality and privacy of internet users. The greater the volume of data, the more the need to increase the security methods for protecting data from intruders. This task can be challenging for researchers in terms of managing enormous data and maintaining their safety and effectiveness. Protection of digital content is a major issue in maintaining the privacy and secrecy of data. Toward this end, digital watermarking is based on the concept of information security through the insertion and detection of an embedded watermark in an efficient manner. Recent methodologies in the research on digital watermarking result in data distortion after embedding the watermark. This scenario can reduce the efficiency of detecting watermarks as well as violate data confidentiality. This study adapts a robust reversible histogram shifting (HS) technique for textual data in relational databases. Furthermore, the study presents a digital watermarking scheme intended for document copyright protection and proof of ownership. The major advantage of the proposed watermarking scheme is that it can protect digital data and preserve data quality. To the best of our knowledge, this research methodology is promising for use in the HS expansion model for watermarking data on non-numeric databases. In addition, the results showed that despite exposing the database to an insertion attacks at 50% and 75% of the watermark, the proposed algorithm can recover more than half of the embedded watermark in all addition and alteration attacks cases. As a result, the watermark information can be retained and restored completely.

Digital copyright protection signifies the technology of rights protection, utilization control, and management of digital substances in the activity of production, propagation, retailing, and consumption. In the era of digital boom in information technology and multimedia, malicious exploitations and piracy have become a global phenomenon; thus, the need for digital content protection is inexorable. Image watermarking has been advocated universally to resolve innumerable dilemmas correlated with issues in the fields of digital rights management and multimedia security. According to anticipated applications, various suitable image watermarking procedures have been designed to safeguard the copyright of digital subjects. In this study, contemporary developments of digital image watermarking techniques are appraised so as to identify state-of-the-art practices and their limitations. This research contribution will be expedient for the academics in instigating efficient watermarking techniques for copyright authentication.

Digital multimedia content protection has increasingly become an important issue. Because image watermarking is identified as a major technology used in copyright protection, a key requirement for image watermarking is the development of its imperceptibility and robustness. To meet this requirement, a novel robust image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and chaotic mixtures is proposed in this paper, In this method, the singular values of the encrypt watermark are embedded on the singular values of the important inscribed circle domain of normalized cover image's DWT sub-bands. Experimental results illustrate that this approach is robust to a wide range of attacks, especially geometrical attacks.

Protection of copyright is a crucial issue in the data transmission and distribution. Considering the fact that there are different types of information available for misuse and manipulation by all the internet users it is necessary to establish the rules for copyright protection of a certain content. In this paper, special attention is given to the technical aspects of copyright protection. We took a digital image and a digital watermark into consideration. The original image has undergone a discrete wavelet transformation. Then, spread spectrum techniques were applied to the watermark. Digital watermark is then embedded into the original image. The aim of the paper is to present the comparison of results obtained using two different spread spectrum techniques in image watermarking.

In modern times, the rapid growth of the Internet has made copyright protection of digital contents a critical issue. A Digital Rights Management (DRM) system is aimed at protecting the high-value digital assets and controlling the distribution and utilization of those digital assets. Watermarking technologies are being regarded as a vital mean to proffer copyright protection of digital images. Digital watermarking hides, in digital images, the information necessary for ownership identity to offer copyright protection. This paper proposes an innovative invisible and blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection of digital images with the purpose of defending against digital piracy. In the proposed watermarking scheme, a binary watermark image is invisibly embedded into the host image for achieving copyright protection. In watermark embedding, every pixel of the watermark image is embedded into the individual blocks of the host image sized 2×2. In the proposed watermarking scheme, the process of watermark extraction necessitates only the watermarked image and it doesn't require the original image or any of its characteristics, and hence, the proposed watermarking scheme is blind. The efficiency of the proposed watermarking scheme has been demonstrated via the experimental results.

Due to the continuous development and popularity of digital video technology, the copyright protection of digital video content has become an increasingly prominent issue. Digital video watermarking, as an effective means of digital copyright protection, has attracted widespread attention from academia and industry. The two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (2D-DFT) template-based method has the advantages of good real-time performance and robustness, but the embedding capacity is small and cannot resist frame-dropping attack. To address this problem, a new template construction method is proposed in this paper, which can extend the embedding capacity from 1 bit each group of pictures (GOP) to theoretically n bits each GOP. In addition, by changing the GOP pattern, the method gains the ability to resist frame-dropping attacks. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve larger watermark capacity while maintaining strong robustness against image-processing attacks, geometric attacks, video-processing attacks and compression attacks.

Digital watermarks can be used to control and trace the original source of unauthorized copies. But by present protocol, because of the seller's mastery of the watermarked multimedia, the buyer can claim that it is the seller who resells the copy of it. To solve this problem, Nasir Memon proposed an interactive buyer-seller watermarking protocol. But a third party is introduced in that protocol, which masters the embedded watermark, so he must be fully trusted. In this paper, combined with the advantage of protocols for watermark verification proposed by K.Gopalakrishnan, we present a watermark protocol based on the semi-trusted third party, in which the third party only takes part in the dispute resolution and doesn't know the content of the watermark.

Most existing watermarking protocols deal with the copyright protection as a transaction between the seller and the buyer. However, these protocols don.t appropriately resolve the copyright problem of copyright authority, copyrighter, ICP and customer. To address this issue, a new watermarking protocol proposed in this article uses three watermarks in structure. By introducing the CA, the signature and the timestamp, the protocol sets up a hiberarchy of digital copyright authorities to protect rights, defends ambiguity attacks and collusive attacks, and resolves the non-repudiation problem and CS overload problem. Because ICP and customer cannot remove the watermark from watermarked digital content, and neither the copyrighter nor the ICP can fabricate piracy, the proposed protocol can trace piracy. With the proxy signature, the digital content transaction without the Third party is performed in which there are only two participants, the seller and the buyer.

A novel video multicast instant source authentication model based on digital video watermarking and TESLA (timed efficient stream loss-tolerant authentication) protocol is proposed in this paper. The digital watermark, which composes of the MAC (message authentication code) of the significant video content, the key and instant authentication data, is embedded into the insignificant video component by the MLUT (modified look-up table) video watermarking technology. So the video packets can be authenticated instantly without large volume buffer in the receivers. In addition, we give a method to calculate the key disclosure delay (number of intervals).

Protection and authentication of digital multimedia content during transmission has become very important with the ongoing development in communication and networking field. Aiming at this popular research topic of recent time, this paper presents a comparative analysis of different watermarking techniques performed in MATLAB. It also presents a robust VLSI architecture for watermarking which survives most of the attacks to which data is exposed on internet and contributes towards anti-plagiarism rule. This paper exhibits the ASIC implementation of an efficient digital watermarking algorithm for images based on frequency domain Discrete Wavelet Transform and spatial domain bit plane slicing.

Digital watermarks have been proposed as a means for copyright protection of multimedia data. We address the capability of invisible watermarking schemes to resolve copyright ownership. We show that, in certain applications, rightful ownership cannot be resolved by current watermarking schemes alone. Specifically, we attack existing techniques by providing counterfeit watermarking schemes that can be performed on a watermarked image to allow multiple claims of rightful ownership. In the absence of standardization and specific requirements imposed on watermarking procedures, anyone can claim ownership of any watermarked image. In order to protect against the counterfeiting techniques that we develop, we examine the properties necessary for resolving ownership via invisible watermarking. We introduce and study invertibility and quasi-invertibility of invisible watermarking techniques. We propose noninvertible watermarking schemes, and subsequently give examples of techniques that we believe to be nonquasi-invertible and hence invulnerable against more sophisticated attacks proposed in the paper. The attacks and results presented in the paper, and the remedies proposed, further imply that we have to carefully reevaluate the current approaches and techniques in invisible watermarking of digital images based on application domains, and rethink the promises, applications and implications of such digital means of copyright protection.

Authentication and copyright protection of digital contents over the internet is an important issue. Digital watermarking provides a complete authentication and copyright protection solution for this problem. Besides, image, audio, and video; text is the most dominant medium travelling over the internet and it requires complete protection. Text watermarking techniques have been developed in past to protect the text from illegal copying, forgery, redistribution and to prevent copyright violations. In this paper, we propose a novel text watermarking algorithm using combined image-plus-text watermark to fully protect the text document. The watermark is logically embedded in the text and is extracted later to prove ownership. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithm under localized as well as dispersed tampering attacks on the text.