Web Applications in the Product Introduction Process (WAPIP)

There have been a considerable amount of interests in providing the state-of-theart product design and manufacture techniques and methods accessible on the Internet from web browsers. This chapter concerns with the process of building web applications for product design and manufacture. The focus is on how such systems are being developed and implemented. However, there have been considerable difficulties in the design, development, and implementation of web applications in product design and manufacture. The complexity can be understood in several ways. For example, there is no rigorous and systematic approach to the development of web applications at present. Current web application development and management practices are mostly ad hoc, heavily dependent on the knowledge and experience of individual developers.

Product manufacturing is currently one of the most important activities that people perform, as it directly or indirectly affects the daily life and economic well-being of countless people around the world. It is likely to continue to have a profound effect on world economies by providing a large source of employment and, ideally, by creating products that positively affect the lives of numerous people. For manufacturing to be successful in the long run, a broad range of factors must be taken into account when products are designed and developed. Product manufacturing today requires skilful decision-making in scenarios that are more complex and demanding than ever before, and the use of optimal system technologies has become essential. Readers of System Design Optimization for Product Manufacturing will learn about detailed concepts and practical technologies that enable successful product design and manufacture. These concepts and technologies are based on system optimization methodologies that consider a broad range of mechanical, as well as human, factors. System Design Optimization for Product Manufacturing explains the methodologies behind current and future product manufacture. Its detailed explanations of key concepts are relevant not only for product design and manufacture, but also for other business fields. These core concepts and methodologies can be applied to practically any field where informed decision-making is important, and where a range of often conflicting factors must be carefully weighed and considered. System Design Optimization for Product Manufacturing can be used as a fundamental reference book by both engineers and students in the fields of manufacturing, design engineering, and product development.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as the World Wide Web (WWW) has increasingly become embedded in everyday life and is progressively becoming indispensable for public, business, personal efficiency or even improvement of livelihoods [1]. Web users including People with Disabilities (PWDs) can conveniently undertake a number of tasks that would otherwise be difficult or impossible. But many Web applications such as e-learning, e-commerce and e-government are not accessible to PWDs including the blind. Through Web accessibility guidelines, Web developers can develop Web applications that are accessible to PWDs. However, majority of the available accessibility guidelines are difficult to integrate into existing developer workflows and rarely offer specific suggestions that are developer oriented. In this paper, we propose a Web Design Framework for Improved Accessibility for People with Disabilities (WDFAD). The WDFAD provides precise guidelines on how to develop Web applications that are accessible to PWDs particularly the blind. These are packaged according to the three components of Web applications namely; content, navigation and user interface. Using constructs of the Non Functional Requirements (NFR) Framework, Web accessibility design objectives are represented as primary goals and sub goals. The primary goals represent the high level accessibility design objectives, while the sub goals represent the requirements that need to be met in the Web development process in order to meet each primary goal. WDFAD also illustrates the overlaps between the process of meeting each primary goal. This unveils the optimal ways of achieving Web accessibility during Web design. The precise nature of WDFAD and its packaging according to the main components of Web applications makes Web accessibility requirements potentially easier to understand and apply by Web developers. Web Developers prefer precise and familiar tools due to their busy work life and daily interface and expression in formal instructions. In addition, the global versus local classification of Web accessibility requirements in WDFAD modularizes the web accessibility guidelines hence making them easier to understand, apply and update.

BIOMedical Search Engine Framework: Lightweight and customized implementation of domain-specific biomedical search engines

In recent years, the World Wide Web has become an ideal platform for developing Internet applications. World Wide Web service and application engineering is a complex task. Many web applications at present are large-scale and involve hundreds or thousands of web pages and sophisticated interactions with users and databases. Thus, improving the quality of web applications and reducing development costs are important challenges for the Internet industry. One way to resolve the difficulty is to provide web application developers with an integrated development environment. In this paper, I propose an efficient methodology and development environment for web application programs. This environment includes a design model to represent data and navigational structure, a modeling language for the notation technique of the design model, and a process model to define development stages.

The context search engine has been studied for answering trend-related queries. As trend information is obtained from temporal data, which is common in many applications, the context engine is expected to be available regardless of domains. When using existing search engines, it is supposed that users submit a series of queries based on search intention. Therefore, search functions of the context search engine should be designed based on the user’s potential search intention. To analyze user’s behavior in information retrieval, this paper conducted experiments using existing Web search engines. The experimental result is analyzed, based on which the design of a context search engine is described. As another contribution of this paper, new types of temporal variations which can be used to specify queries of the context search engine are also proposed. The results of user experiments confirmed the usability of the proposed temporal variations.

The Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) is a tool that focuses on material, process, and shape combinations of product design. The Resource Consumption Model (RCM) is a tool that focuses on production process resources, resource costs, production volume, production capacity, and manufacturing cycle time. Both tools help identify viable manufacturing process alternatives to meet stated manufacturing objectives.

Modern and Responsive Mobile-enabled Web Applications

PurposeThe emergence of electronic prescribing devices with clinical decision support systems (CDSS) is able to significantly improve management pharmacological treatments. We developed a web application available on smartphones in order to help clinicians monitor prescription and further propose CDSS.MethodA web application (www.MEmind.net) was developed to assess patients and collect data regarding gender, age, diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed antipsychotic prescriptions in 4345 patients attended in five Psychiatric Community Mental Health Centers from June 2014 to October 2014. The web-application reported average daily dose prescribed for antipsychotics, prescribed daily dose (PDD), and the PDD to defined daily dose (DDD) ratio.ResultsThe MEmind web-application reported that antipsychotics were used in 1116 patients out of the total sample, mostly in 486 (44%) patients with schizophrenia related disorders but also in other diagnoses. Second generation antipsychotics (quetiapine, aripiprazole and long-acting paliperidone) were preferably employed. Low doses were more frequently used than high doses. Long acting paliperidone and ziprasidone however, were the only two antipsychotics used at excessive dosing. Antipsychotic polypharmacy was used in 287 (26%) patients with classic depot drugs, clotiapine, amisulpride and clozapine.ConclusionsIn this study we describe the first step of the development of a web application that is able to make polypharmacy, high dose usage and off label usage of antipsychotics visible to clinicians. Current development of the MEmind web application may help to improve prescription security via momentary feedback of prescription and clinical decision support system.

The web has become closely ingrained with our life and massive effort for web development and maintenance continues to take place in an ad hoc manner, resulting in poor quality web systems and applications. Problems such as outdated or irrelevant information, difficulties in using the website, website crashes, and security breaches are common. We encounter these kinds of problems because web developers failed to address users' needs along with the improper appliance of the web engineering process in all its phases. As a consequence, web engineering and more precisely web requirements engineering is becoming of major importance in the web development process. In this context, this work tackles the validation of the navigational requirements of a web application. A methodology named NRVA is introduced in order to validate the navigational requirements for correctness, consistency, and completeness. It is based on the generation of an XML document defining the navigational rules of the application and used as input to the animator. The supporting tool to the approach does not only validate the correctness of the generated requirements, but also it aids to the elaboration and enhancement of those requirements through visualisation.

Summary: This work provides a methodology to analyze user preferences regarding the components that a judicial search engine should include. We validate this methodology by developing a search system. Starting from initial characteristics, we designed a search prototype. A test was then applied to identify whether the search engine meets the user's needs. The prototype developed was compared to other next-generation search engines in terms of user satisfaction and accuracy. The results show that our proposal outperforms other search engines. Objective: Define and implement the components for the development of a judicial search engine. Methodology: The methodology consists of in: Definition: Includes a review of the state of the art of the technologies associated with the project. Prototype development: Different modules and components of the system are developed here. Evaluation: focused on usability and user satisfaction. Results: The characteristics and elements necessary for the search engine were identified. To this end, Benchmarking on general aspects and components of jurisprudence search engines was carried out. Additionally, a survey was conducted with 79 legal experts. Finally, a use test was carried out. Conclusions: A prototype of the search engine was designed according to the characteristics declared by the users. This prototype showed optimal usability and navigation because it was designed considering the needs of the user's jurisprudence. Its interfaces are easy to understand and its filters make the search process more agile and precise. Finally, the developed search engine offers a good experience to the users.

Recently, the extraordinary growth in the World Wide Web has been sweeping through business and industry. Many companies have developed or integrated their mission-critical applications using Web technologies. As Web applications become complex, testing Web applications becomes crucial. This paper extends traditional data flow testing techniques to Web applications. Several data flow issues for analyzing HTML documents in Web applications are discussed. A test model that captures data flow test artifacts of Web applications is presented. In the test model, each component of a Web application is modeled as an object. The data flow information of the Web application is captured using flow graphs. From the test model, data flow test cases for the Web application then can be derived based on the intra-object, inter-object, and inter-client perspectives.

In the rapid world of technology, web development faces a complex but significant challenge, particularly in the development of quality web applications. In many cases, end users often assess the quality of web applications based on their error-free performance and user-friendliness as well as enable users to perform tasks quickly anywhere and anytime on any computer devices. Thus, each and every quality issue in the phases of web development process plays a crucial role in the success of a web application and determining the right quality attributes or dimensions can be a challenge. The web development process, carried out in stages based on priorities, presents multiple challenges in communication, management, and teamwork within web development team environments which may adversely impact the overall quality of web applications. This research focuses on the influence of the web development process emphasising quality at each stage of creating high-quality web applications. This will then bring into case studies and quantitative metrics to produce a framework for the web development team to comprehend and adhere to the key quality principles of web application development.

Web Application Development has shown progressive and rapid growth using various techniques. Nonetheless, web application security is a major component in web development that is often overlooked or not properly focused on. Due to ad hoc existence and poor code written, most available web applications are vulnerable and desirable target for the attackers. To alleviate this issue, the use of defensive programming basic technique allows the developers to develop secure applications. Defensive programming includes validate output and correctly manages error messages. This avoids the misuse of snippets and builds the program in a consistent way despite unpredictable inputs. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, this paper discussed the development of a web application program using PHP as server-side scripting exploiting defensive programming techniques to overwhelm web application vulnerabilities. Secondly, this paper examined common vulnerabilities of web application risks refer to Open Web Application Security Project to validate the effectiveness of defensive programming technique. The work presented in this paper shall be a fundamental guideline for the development of secure web-based applications.

Software development is an activity characterized by the continuous search for information by programmers. General-purpose search engines, such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo, are widely used by programmers to find solutions to their problems. However, the best solutions are not always among the initial pages of search results that are ranked according to the search engine's algorithms. This study aims to investigate the influence that the order of the pages returned by the ranking of search engines exerts on programmers' performance when performing programming tasks. We designed an empirical within-subject study with programmers to understand and evaluate their performance when solving programming tasks using a ranked list of pages returned by the Google search engine and artificially modified with two different ranking quality levels (Higher Quality Ranking and Lower Quality Ranking). Moreover, for each entry in the ranking of pages, the most frequent methods mentioned on the respective page were listed in the ranking visualization. Analysis of participants' recorded videos was conducted through a mixed-methods research approach to provide insights into the results. We found that programmers spent approximately 8 minutes longer resolving tasks associated with a Lower Quality Ranking, spending more time on irrelevant pages compared to relevant ones, due to efforts to fix problematic code or new searches for another page. The addition of a list of frequent methods in the ranking visualization could help programmers to skip irrelevant pages and reduce time wastage. The ranking quality influences the programmers' performance during the development of programming tasks. Therefore, we suggest the development of filters aimed at improving the quality of results delivered by search engines. Moreover, the results may encourage the adaptation of this study for other approaches that require information foraging, such as chatting with LLMs.