Web Portals in Government Service

It is a strongly held view that the scientific branch of computer security that deals with Web-powered databases (Rahayu & Taniar, 2002) than can be accessed through Web portals (Tatnall, 2005) is both complex and challenging. This is mainly due to the fact that there are numerous avenues available for a potential intruder to follow in order to break into the Web portal and compromise its assets and functionality. This is of vital importance when the assets that might be jeopardized belong to a legally sensitive Web database such as that of an enterprise or government portal, containing sensitive and confidential information. It is obvious that the aim of not only protecting against, but mostly preventing from potential malicious or accidental activity that could set a Web portal’s asset in danger, requires an attentive examination of all possible threats that may endanger the Web-based system.

While we witness an increasing number of government websites day-by-day, the user experience with the various government websites is not uniform. This emanates from different technology standards, design layouts, navigation architecture, functionality, etc. This is one major impediment in making government website usage by citizens pervasive. Again, websites, both government and otherwise are frequently subjected to hacking, privacy violations, and defacement. Thus, such kinds of cyber attacks compromise the information security and privacy of data/information available on web portals. The meaningfulness of web portals as a medium to reach-out to citizens is lost in such a case. As an exploratory study, this paper examines various information security challenges in Indian Government web portals, and the initiatives taken to combat these challenges by various Indian Government departments, agencies and organisations.

For the last five years, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken a leading role in the Middle East in providing effective electronic government (e-government) services and encouraging their use. The global average for government website usage by citizens is about 30%. The vast majority of Saudi citizens visit government offices to obtain information rather than making transactions through government portals. However, it is apparent that the rate of global e-government adoption has fallen below expectations, although some countries are doing better than others. Clearly, a better understanding of why and how citizens use government websites, as well as their general disposition towards e-governance, is an important research issue. This paper advances the discussion on this issue by proposing a conceptual model of e-government adoption that places users at the focal point of e-government adoption strategies.

E-governance is being adopted by the governments of every country for its operations through the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) i.e. incorporating its operations through IT model so that the schemes can be reached to the masses. In India too, as of now, nearly every state government has its own e-Governance model. Cloud computing is now being widely used in e-governance. With the help of the features of Cloud computing, e-Governance operations can be built up as cost effective technology solutions and can be geographically distributed to heterogeneous resources thereby increasing the quality of service to the users. In fact, G-cloud (Governance on Cloud) is designed for using Government services. It is not merely enough to set up e-governance models but its awareness amongst masses is equally important. This paper analyses the cloud based model of e-governance and suggests measures to increase awareness among people regarding the various e-governance initiatives taken by the Government of Madhya Pradesh.

This study explores how digital governance innovations contribute to public service excellence through a comparative analysis of Semarang and Surakarta in Indonesia. Using a qualitative multiple-case design, data were collected from 30 purposively selected informants, complemented by policy documents and government portals. Thematic analysis using NVivo revealed two distinct but effective pathways to digital governance transformation: a technology-driven approach emphasizing system integration and transparency in Semarang, and a citizen-centric approach prioritizing participation and responsiveness in Surakarta. Semarang’s Smart City Portal and SIDARMA system enhanced efficiency and integration across 38 government units, while Surakarta’s SIBELA and Destination Platform improved service accessibility and citizen satisfaction. Both cities demonstrated that digital governance excellence can be achieved through different strategies adapted to local contexts. Success factors include strong political commitment, sustainable digital literacy initiatives, and adaptive change management, whereas resistance to change and digital inequality remain key challenges. The findings contribute to digital governance theory by identifying dual pathways—technology-first and citizen-first—that expand the concept of public value creation in e-government. Practical implications emphasize the need for locally tailored digital strategies and intercity knowledge exchange to accelerate Indonesia’s digital transformation agenda.

The development of government portal Web site (GPW) is an essential component of the e-government, and it is also a window for the government to provide electronic supervision and service to the society. Therefore how to evaluate the service quality and solve the shortages and problems of GPW have become an important issue presently. In view of this, we put forward a scientific evaluation system for GPW based on customer satisfaction index (CSI) model in this paper. According to the characters of CSI model, we make use of structural equation modeling (SEM) in the evaluation and propose a new algorithm to find the best iterative initial value in PLS with unit vector constraint and its least square solution for the model. Finally we utilize an example to illustrate the optimality of our algorithm.

Electronic government implies the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for improving the way public services are provided to all citizens. In order to create an interface, through which citizens can use these services, web portals are developed. The web portal that represents the interface for the use of services intended for citizens in the Republic of Croatia, as key users, was developed in the frame of e-citizens project, initiated by the Croatian government in year 2013. Since its inception, the portal has been continuously upgraded and complemented by new electronic services. The usage of the e-citizens portal however, despite the availability of services, does not follow the developing trends according to researches by the local Ministry of Administration and the Eurostat data. Citizens access the portal, but mostly to collect information and do not use its advanced additional functionalities. This paper analyses Croatian government web portal, its functionalities, attitudes toward it and its use by citizens. Finally, based on data analysis improvement of the accessibility/usage of Croatian government portal will be proposed.

It has now become evident that information and communication technologies (ICTs) are pertinent for economic prosperity, which has led to governments around the globe to offer online government products and services. For this purpose, websites offering information from governments to citizens and interaction between governments and citizens using static web pages and web portals are considered to be essential. This paper reports the results of an evaluative study of a cross-section of the e-government portals using a common set of performance metrics and web diagnostic engines and empirical evidence gathered from a diverse range of respondents. Results show that not only are there wide variations in the spectrum of information and services provided by these portals, but that significant work still needs to be undertaken to make the portals examples of 'best practice' e-government services.

Internet has become one of the most versatile sources of information and on the other way it has become source of various security threats. Various existing vulnerabilities in the web portals are compromised easily by hackers sitting at their places. There are so many vulnerabilities available in various websites in case of government sectors may be because of financial constraints or other. E-government is a new fast growing area in developing as well as in developed countries. New e-governance applications are emerging and being implemented and utilized by the common man. Providing government information and services on the web has resulted in mushrooming of websites with very little attention is paid to security issues of these websites. This paper discusses certain security issues & vulnerabilities in websites of educational institutes. The organizations taken into consideration are educational institutes of Haryana.

According to the European Commission (2003), increased networking of local, regional, and national administrations across the European Union (EU) is creating “a more integrated ‘European public space’ for EU citizens and businesses” (p. 6). This emerging public space owes its existence chiefly to improvements in information and communication technology (ICT). The Commission (2002) believes that e-government initiatives will help to build a more robust European public space capable of engendering in the public’s mind a sense of democratic ownership of European institutions and policies: “E-government is helping to establish a more open, inclusive and productive public sector, in line with good governance” (p. 7). E-government as defined by the Commission (2005) as “the use of information and communication technologies, combined with organisational change and new skills, to improve public services, increase democratic participation and enhance public policy making.” Echoing the literature on e-democracy (Gibson, Rommele, & Ward, 2004), the Commission (2002) contends that e-government can improve EU democratic processes and public support for EU policies in two ways: by giving citizens greater access to information from authorities, which empowers citizens by improving the transparency and accountability of European institutions; and by fostering direct communication between citizens and policy makers, which enables improved mutual accommodation of needs and interests. This article analyzes Commission e-government initiatives, with special emphasis on the Consultation, the European Commission and Civil Society (CONECCS) directory, the interactive policy making (IPM) initiative, and the i2010: European Information Society 2010 initiative. IPM seeks to enable the Commission to collect feedback directly from citizens, consumers, and businesses via a single Internet access point for consultations (Your Voice in Europe). i2010 is a five-year strategy launched in 2005 to boost Europe’s digital economy and includes proposals to enhance e-participation in Europe’s emerging public space. Such proposals, I argue, will be more likely to succeed if the Commission were to move from managerial and consultative to participatory models of public involvement (Chadwick & May, 2003).

World perspectives of digital governance are directed by the idea of turn from services to the value of services and co-production. This idea transforms understanding of the relations between the government, businesses, and citizens. All of that attaches importance to the monitoring of service policy and policy feedback. Recent trends in Russian administrative reform (2006–2010) and in implementation of e-government (2009–2015) show some evidence of adopting connected d-governance perspectives here. Three main points could be mentioned: (1) feedback in the regulation of government monitoring of effectiveness; (2) citizen participation in the process of service standardization; (3) multi-functional centers, governmental service portals, and e-consultation on federal and regional levels of e-government. Some tensions and limits accompany these trends.

Traditional K-means algorithm's clustering effect is affected by the initial cluster center points. To solve this problem, a method is proposed to optimize the K-means initial center points. The algorithm use density-sensitive similarity measure to compute the density of objects. Through computing the minimum distance between the point and any other point with higher density, the candidate points are chosen out. Then, combined with the average density, the outliers are screened out. Ultimately the initial centers for K-means algorithm are screened out. Experimental results show that the algorithm gets the initial center points with high accuracy, and can effectively filter abnormal points. The running time and the iterations of the K-means algorithm are decreased obviously.

Improving the assessment of digital services in government websites: Evidence from the Mexican State government portals ranking

This study investigates the effect of implementing e-Government on the efficiency of population administration services in Tangerang City. The research analyzes how digitalization in public administration has enhanced service delivery, streamlined processes, and improved citizen satisfaction. The results show that e-Government initiatives, such as online service platforms and digital document management, have led to reduced processing times, increased accessibility, and greater convenience for citizens. Additionally, the adoption of e-Government has fostered greater transparency and accountability in government operations. Despite these positive outcomes, the study identifies challenges related to digital literacy, infrastructure, and equitable service delivery, suggesting areas for further improvement. These findings highlight the significant potential of e-Government to enhance public administration but also emphasize the need for continuous refinement and adaptation to address emerging challenges.

Introduction of Electronic Government (e-Government) is seen as a tool to improve government service delivery to external and internal clients for the benefit of the government and the citizens and businesses that it serves. E-Government holds tremendous promise for improvements in the public service delivery as well to overcome many of the persistent public service problems. Successful delivery of online services has rapidly become an important measure of effective public sector management. The e-Government initiative in Malaysia was launched with the aim to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government service delivery to its stakeholders, namely, citizens and businesses. The vision of e-Government is a vision for people in government, business and citizenry working together for the benefit of Malaysia and all of its citizens. The dual objectives of e-Government are to reinvent the government of Malaysia in terms of service delivery through the use of information technology and to catalyze the successful development of the Multimedia Super Corridor with IT as one of the leading sectors of the economy. One of the services that was launched as part of e-Government Flagship is on line tax filling or known as e-Filing by the Inland Revenue Board. Via this system, the taxpayers are able to complete an electronic application form and the necessary payment details within few keystrokes and hence complete their revenue declaration within minutes. The purpose of e-Filing service is to encourage every taxpayer to submit their income tax return through an online system, thus reducing the manual paper-based submission method. This system has received good response from the taxpayers. However, there is still a sizeable number who have yet to adopt e-Filing. An empirical assessment of adoption of e-Filing system involving 200 tax payers was carried out. The study aims to assess the extent of e-filling acceptance among the tax payers who have filed their tax forms online. Beyond this, the chapter also analyses the factors that contribute towards adoption of such system in Malaysia. The findings revealed that taxpayers have positive attitude in using the e-Filing system as they perceive that tax submission method via internet is more convenient than submission by post or by hand and that perceived readiness towards using this technology is paramount to their belief for using e-Filing system.