Web Server Performance Modeling

Native Web communication protocols are the pivotal components of Web services, applications and systems. In particular, HTTP is a de facto protocol standard used in almost all Web services and systems. Consequently, it is one of the crucial protocols responsible for the performance of Web services and systems. HTTP/1.1 has been successfully deployed in Web services and systems for the last two decades. However, one of the most significant issues with HTTP/1.1 is the Round Trip Time and Web latency. To resolve this issue, two successor protocols SPDY and HTTP/2 have been developed recently, with some studies suggesting that SPDY improved the performance of Web services and systems, whilst some did not find significant improvements in the performance. HTTP/2 is a relatively new protocol and has yet to be tested with any rigour. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of these two enhanced protocols SPDY and HTTP/2 on the performance of Web services and systems. This paper conducts a number of practical investigations to evaluate the performance of Web services and systems with and without the support of SPDY and HTTP/2 protocols at the client and server. This study investigates the impact of SPDY and HTTP/2 on the overall performance of Web services and systems from the end-user's perspective.

High-performance Web servers are essential to meet the growing demands of the Internet and large-scale intranets. Satisfying these demands requires a thorough understanding of key factors affecting Web server performance. This paper presents empirical analysis illustrating how dynamic and static adaptivity can enhance Web server performance. Two research contributions support this conclusion. First, the paper presents results from a comprehensive empirical study of Web servers (such as Apache, Netscape Enterprise, PHTTPD, Zeus, and JAWS) over high-speed ATM networks. This study illustrates their relative performance and precisely pinpoints the server design choices that cause performance bottlenecks. Once network and disk I/O overheads are reduced to negligible constant factors, the main determinants of Web server performance are its protocol processing path and concurrency strategy. Moreover no single strategy performs optimally for all load conditions and traffic types. Second, we describe the design techniques and optimizations used to develop JAWS, our high-performance adaptive Web server. JAWS is an object-oriented Web server that was explicitly designed to alleviate the performance bottlenecks we identified in existing Web servers. The performance optimizations used in JAWS include adaptive prespawned threading, fixed headers, cached date processing, and file caching. In addition, JAWS uses a novel software architecture that substantially improves its portability and flexibility, relative to other Web servers.

Towards a context-based multi-type policy approach for Web services composition

Background/Objectives: The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of Composite Web Service based on the parameters relating to Quality of Service by using statistical methodologies. Methods/Statistical Analysis: By using Web Service Crawler Engine we have collected data on eleven parameters of interest from a more number of Web Services. Among the eleven parameters we have selected six parameters of importance using the sampling of thirty Web Services. We have constructed the weight matrix for the parameters. By using Web Services Relevancy Function ranking has been done for three different scenarios. Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient we have compared the scenarios. Findings: The graphical representation of the three scenarios shows varying pattern. The Spearman's Rank Correlation coefficient of the Web Services Relevancy Function varied widely among the sampled Web Services. F-Test revealed that there are no significant differences in respect of weights of Quality of Web Services for three different scenarios. We concluded that weight assigned for Quality of Service parameters in Scenario I is preferred than the scenarios II and III through the evaluations. Application/Improvements: The technique developed in this research paper can be applied for the comparison of Web Services during discovery to enhance the performance of the Composite Web Service.

Web server performance in a distributed Object-Oriented (OO) environment is a complex interplay between a variety of factors (e.g., hardware platform, threading model, object scope model, server operating system, network bandwidth, disk file size, caching). In this paper, we present a model-based approach to Web Server performance evaluation in terms of an end-to-end queueing model implemented in a simulation tool. We have applied this model to Active Server Page (ASP) and Common Object Model (COM) technology in Microsoft's Internet Information Server and to the Java Server Page (JSP) and JavaBean technology in both IIS and Netscape Enterprise Server (NES). Our results indicate that for the ASP Script Engine, performance predictions from the simulation model matched the performance observed in a test environment. However, for the JSP Script Engine, the model predicted higher throughput than laboratory test results at high load. This result suggests that Web Server performance can be severely limited by a software bottleneck that causes requests to be serialized. This may cause a request to wait for some resource (i.e., a lock) as opposed to consuming CPU or memory. Implications of these results for Web Server performance in general are discussed

During their navigation, Web users leave many records of their activity. This huge amount of data can be a useful source of knowledge. Sophisticated data mining processes are needed for this knowledge to be extracted, understood and used. In this paper, we propose a Web usage mining (WUM) system, called SUGGEST, which dynamically generates suggested links to Web pages of potential interest for a user. SUGGEST is designed to efficiently integrate the WUM process with the ordinary Web server functionalities. It can provide useful information to make the user's Web navigation easier and to optimize the Web server's performance. Two quantities are introduced in order to give a measure of the quality of our WUM system.

The dispatcher-based Web server cluster has been widely used to increase a Web server's performance. When the count of real servers adds up to a certain number, the dispatcher becomes the bottleneck of the whole system, which stops the system's performance from increasing and sets a limit to the system's scalability. In order to tackle this problem, the paper produces a method called MDDR (multiple dispatchers with direct routing) and implements a prototype MDDR. In MDDR, each of the multiple dispatchers can have an independent real server group. Through assigning requests from clients to every dispatcher, the burden of each dispatcher in MDDR is decreased, which improves the scalability of the cluster system. Measurements show that when the dispatchers become the bottleneck of the cluster system, adding more dispatchers eliminates the bottleneck and makes the system scalable again.

Simple SummaryThe OSov web server incorporates gene expression profiles with clinical risk factors to estimate the ovarian cancers patients’ survival, and provides a tool for multiple analysis, such as forest-plot, uni/multi-variate survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier plot and nomogram construction.Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive and highly lethal gynecological cancers. The purpose of our study is to build a free prognostic web server to help researchers discover potential prognostic biomarkers by integrating gene expression profiling data and clinical follow-up information of ovarian cancer. We construct a prognostic web server OSov (Online consensus Survival analysis for Ovarian cancer) based on RNA expression profiles. OSov is a user-friendly web server which could present a Kaplan–Meier plot, forest plot, nomogram and survival summary table of queried genes in each individual cohort to evaluate the prognostic potency of each queried gene. To assess the performance of OSov web server, 163 previously published prognostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer were tested and 72% of them had their prognostic values confirmed in OSov. It is a free and valuable prognostic web server to screen and assess survival-associated biomarkers for ovarian cancer.

PurposeWeb services promise a step change in business‐to‐business application models and practices. But how do we measure web services' performance? Because web services are so new, and implementations so few, the purpose of this paper is to take internet performance as a proxy for web services performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed 106 e‐business SMEs to identify key drivers for internet performance, and then predicted web services performance.FindingsSurprisingly, it was found that while business resources and IT resources positively impact internet performance, dynamic capabilities do not. Also, there appear to be significant firm size effects.Originality/valueThe implications of these findings for the strategic management of web services are discussed, and in particular, managers' need to balance resources and capabilities in volatile business environments.

The dispatcher-based web server load balancing architecture can improve the performance of popular web servers. When the backend servers have different computational power, the system must use the real-time loading information as the decision making criteria. In this paper, we proposed a dispatcher architecture that uses the remaining capacity of each backend servers to decide the most appropriate server. In addition to improve the performance, the system can also use the remaining capacity algorithm to reduce the cost when the web side does not have frequent burst request. For example, the course registration ticket reservation systems have burst requests only several times a year. The proposed architecture can use the remaining capacity of other servers such DNS or MAIL server to share the load in the burst request period. The simulation results show that using the remaining capacity of both DNS and MAIL server can achieve similar performance compared to using another dedicated web server.

Many Web sites today dynamically generate responses when user requests are received. Dynamic content creation enables features that might otherwise not be possible. One disadvantage of dynamically generating Web content is the impact on Web server performance. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the impact of three different dynamic content technologies on Web server performance. The results show that the overheads of dynamic content generation reduce the peak response rate of a Web server by a factor of 2 to 8, depending on the workload characteristics and the specific Web technologies used.

본 논문은 원격 감시 제어를 위한 효율적인 웹 서비스 S/W 플랫폼을 제안한다. 웹 서비스의 성능 향상을 위해 서블릿 컨테이너를 제거함으로써 웹 서비스 구현의 필수 구성요소인 gSOAP 처리를 향상시켰으며, 로봇 또는 유비쿼터스 센서 응용에 적용이 가능한 경량화 된 웹 서비스 서버/클라이언트 소프트웨어 플랫폼을 설계하였다. 본 연구 결과를 검증하기 위하여 PXA270 프로세서를 탑재한 LDS4000 엔진 보드에 탱크와 센서 등을 결합한 감시 제어용 로봇 하드웨어를 제작하였으며, 웹 서비스 클라이언트 응용과 기존의 웹 서버를 통한 원격 감시 제어 기법 간의 gSOAP 메시지 교환 부하를 비교함으로써 본 연구 결과에 대한 실용적 우수성과 그 효율성을 검증하였다. In this paper, we propose an effective web service software platform for remote monitoring and control. We removed the servlet container for better web service performance so as to improve the gSOAP processing which is an essential element of web service implementation. Furthermore, we designed the web service server/client software platform which can be applied to robot or ubiquitous sensor applications. For validation of this study we tested it by manufacturing robot hardware for monitoring control which combined tanks and sensors on a LDS4000 engine board mounted with a PXA270 processor. The practical excellence and the efficiency of the result of this study was validated by the comparison of gSOAP message exchange load between the web service client application and the conventional remote monitoring control technique through a web server.

On the performance of web services, google cloud messaging and firebase cloud messaging

Current software has more flexibility and generality in the design for the distributed application, unfortunately, which gives rise to some efficiency problems in the implementation. In order to improve the performance of Web services, this paper introduces partial evaluation into distributed environments. Partial evaluation specializes generic programs into specific realization. We propose the partial evaluation for object-oriented programs and implement the distributed partial evaluation based on the specialization of Java Byte Code. The experiment results show that partial evaluation is effective to optimize Web services. The integration of partial evaluation with Web services facilitates programs more generality and scalability.

Ajax-based web applications are designed to mimic more traditional desktop applications and require quick response times from the underlying Web services. However, since availability and performance of Web services cannot be guaranteed, response time and overall performance of Ajax-based applications can vary. In this paper we describe a framework for developing autonomic self-healing Web service-based applications that rely on the notion of differentiated services (i.e., services that provide common behavior with variable quality of service) in order to maintain required performance characteristics. We present the expected impact of the framework through the use of a theoretical QN model, demonstrate the framework with an example, and provide an evaluation of the technique.