児童生徒の品格とWell-beingの関連――よい行為の習慣からの検討――

Well-being of children and adolescents: Psychosocial correlates of happiness and life satisfaction Objectives. The study comprehensively analyzes selected demographic, personality and contextual factors and their role in relation to the subjective evaluation of feelings of happiness and satisfaction in 1,975 children/adolescents aged 10–18.Methods. The research sample was compiled in primary and secondary schools, facilities for protective and institutional education, diagnostic institutes as well as children's homes and asylum shelters in the Czech Republic. Happiness and overall life satisfaction were assessed using the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) along with the Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS; Huebner, 1991). Data collection was carried out by the completion of online questionnaires in 2020 before the onset of the covid-19 pandemic.Results. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that happiness and satisfaction tended to decline in middle and late adolescence. Lower levels of happiness and satisfaction were also found among those who had experienced growing up at home in a single-parent family or in an institutional setting, who considered the environment in which they grew up to be dangerous and dull, who did not feel accepted by the caregiver and who self-evaluated as "choleric" and "melancholy."Conclusions. The respondents' subjective evaluation of their own temperament along with the feeling of acceptance by the caring person contributed most to the prediction of happiness and satisfaction. Very weak effects were found with respect to gender and spirituality. The adaptation and psychometric analysis of the SHS and SLSS carried out in this study showed that the Czech versions of both instruments can be considered valid and reliable to identify happiness and satisfaction in a given population of adolescents.Study limitations. The limitations relate to the cross-sectional design of the research as well as the fact that the sample was not representative. The psychosocial data, i.e. assessments of temperament, spirituality and the feeling of acceptance by the caregiver, were obtained from the young people's subjective statements through single-item scales. Cíl. Studie komplexně analyzuje vybrané demografické, osobnostní a kontextuální faktory a jejich roli ve vztahu k subjektivnímu hodnocení pocitů štěstí a spokojenosti u 1975 dětí/dospívajících ve věku 10–18 let.Metody. Výzkumný vzorek byl sestaven oslovením základních a středních škol, zařízení pro výkon ochranné a ústavní výchovy, diagnostických ústavů, dětských a azylových domovů v Česku. Míra štěstí a celková životní spokojenost byla zjišťována pomocí Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS; Lyubomirsky a Lepper, 1999) a Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS; Huebner, 1991). Sběr dat byl uskutečněn vyplněním on-line dotazníků v roce 2020 před vypuknutím pandemie covid-19.Výsledky. Mnohonásobnou lineární regresní analýzou bylo zjištěno, že míra štěstí a spokojenosti má tendenci klesat v období střední a pozdní adolescence. Nižší míra štěstí a spokojenosti byla zjištěna u respondentů, kteří prožívali dospívání doma v neúplné rodině, v institucionálním zařízení, považovali prostředí, v němž vyrůstali, za nebezpečné a nepodnětné, nepociťovali přijetí ze strany pečující osoby a sami sebe považovali za "choleriky" a "melancholiky".Závěry. K predikci štěstí a spokojenosti nejvíce přispívalo subjektivní hodnocení vlastního temperamentu a pocitu přijetí pečující osobou. Velmi slabé efekty byly nalezeny s ohledem na pohlaví a spiritualitu. V této studii realizovaná adaptace a psychometrická analýza SHS a SLSS poukázala, že obě české verze nástrojů lze považovat za validní a spolehlivé k identifikaci štěstí a spokojenosti u dané populace dospívajících.Limity studie. Omezení se vztahují k průřezovému charakteru výzkumu a ke skutečnosti, že vzorek nebyl reprezentativní. Psychosociální data, jako hodnocení pocitu přijetí pečující osobou, temperament či spiritualita, byla získána ze subjektivních vypovědí dospívajících prostřednictvím jednopoložkových škál.

This study aims to elucidate the relationships between happiness, life satisfaction, and subjective vitality among student-athletes. Conducted using a correlational survey method, the research included a total of 400 students (149 female and 251 male) enrolled in sports sciences programs across three different universities (Mean age = 21.31 ± 2.32). The data collection tools employed were the “Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)”, the “Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS)”, and the “Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS)”. The suitability of the data for analysis was determined based on skewness and kurtosis values. The data were analyzed using IBM AMOS V25 software (Chicago, USA), and the relationships among happiness, life satisfaction, and vitality were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The structural equation model revealed that the path coefficient between vitality and happiness was β1 = 0.541, p = 0.001, and the path coefficient between life satisfaction and happiness was β1 = 0.441, p = 0.001, both of which were statistically significant. In other words, life satisfaction explains 44% of subjective well-being, while subjective vitality accounts for 54% of subjective well-being. The results suggest that increasing individuals' levels of life satisfaction and subjective vitality may also enhance their level of happiness.

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate of the relationships between life satisfaction, optimism and happiness on blood lipid and vitamin-D levels in people aged 55 and over. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 283 individuals over the age of 55. The survey consisted of two main parts. In the first part, there are 19 questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, their chronic disease status, alcohol and smoking habits, physical activity and sunbathing duration. In the second part, Life Satisfaction Scale, Life Orientation Test and Subjective Happiness Scale were used. The lipid parameters and Vitamin D levels were investigated as dependent variables. Socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, physical activity status, and average scores of scales were investigated as independent variables. Results: The results indicated that, LDL level was significantly and reverse associated with subjective happiness level. There was no significant relationship between other lipid parameters and subjective happiness level. It was determined that there was a significant and linear relationship between vitamin D level and life satisfaction and subjective happiness levels. Conclusion: Understanding the psychological characteristics and the factors affecting their psychology of individuals aged 55 and over may play a key role for a healthy population, prevention of cardiovascular diseases and low vitamin D deficiency.

Background: Nostalgia means sweet or bitter memories of people’ s life. Since it relates with psychological well-being, various studies about nostalgia have been conducted. However, it has not been clear of a path among nostalgia proneness, positive function of nostalgia, and well-being like happiness or life satisfaction. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate a hypothesis that positive function of nostalgia mediated the relation between positive nostalgia proneness and subjective happiness or life satisfaction using a path analysis. Method: Participants were healthy twenty elders. They participated in collage therapy once for about 90 hours, they remembered past of their lives or daily life. After the therapy, they completed questionnaires of nostalgia proneness (Positive, Negative), positive function of nostalgia (Social Connectedness, Self-Continuity, Meaning of life, Self-Clarification), Subjective Happiness and Life Satisfaction scale. We conducted a correlation analysis and a path analysis. The ethical committee permitted the study. Results: The Positive nostalgia proneness correlated with all 4 factors of positive function of nostalgia, and all 4 factors correlated with Life Satisfaction and Subjective Happiness. In the path analysis, Positive nostalgia proneness significantly affected Social Connectedness, and Social Connectedness affected Subjective Happiness. And Positive nostalgia proneness significantly affected Meaning of life, and Meaning of life affected Subjective Happiness and Life Satisfaction. Conclusion: Social Connectedness mediated the relationship between Positive nostalgia proneness and Subjective Happiness. Meaning of life mediated the relationship between Positive nostalgia proneness and Subjective Happiness or Life Satisfaction. The hypothesis that positive function of nostalgia mediated the relation between positive nostalgia proneness and subjective happiness or life satisfaction was approved.

<p>The article examines the relationship between the proactive attitude of first- and fourth-year students from a normal sample population (A<1; E<1) with personal resources. The materials of the empirical study were obtained in 2022 on a total sample of respondents (N=128) aged 17 to 23 years (M=19.01; SD=1.62), of which 93.8% (120 people) are female. The online survey was conducted on the basis of the methods “Academic Motivation Scale”, “Proactive attitudes”, short scales “Life Satisfaction Scale” and “Subjective Happiness Scale”. The results demonstrate a moderately positive relationship between the indicator of proactive attitudes and indicators of subjective well-being, academic intrinsic motivation. The greatest contribution to proactive attitudes is made by internal motivation (motivation for achievement and self-development), subjective well-being. Intergroup comparisons did not reveal significant statistical differences in indicators of proactive attitudes, subjective well-being, however, they were established by the indicator of internal motivation of self-development (p=0.001) in first-year students. Internal motives, subjective well-being explain a proactive attitude to the future.</p>

Objective: Unplanned pregnancies are a major public health problem that causes undesirable socio-economic and psychological consequences for women, children and families in both developed and developing countries. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of unplanned pregnancy on prenatal attachment and subjective happiness. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 342 pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic of a university hospital between July 2022 and October 2022. Data was collected using the Demographic Information Form, London Unplanned Pregnancy Determination Scale, Prenatal Attachment Inventory, and Subjective Happiness Scale. The data was evaluated using descriptive statistics, as well as pearson correlation and regression analyses. Results: Age, number of pregnancies, pregnancy week, feelings experienced upon learning of the pregnancy, and previous pregnancy loss status all appear to have a statistically significant effect on the prenatal attachment and subjective happiness scale (p

The aim of the current study is to investigate the interaction between gender and physical activity with the three variables (subjective happiness, self-esteem and body image). More specifically, we will test if there is a difference between the variables (subjective happiness, self-esteem and body image) and if any gender differences are present. Method: A hundred and eleven (111) adolescent students (58 girls, 53 boys) who ranged in age from 13 to 17 years participated in the study. Because the participants were adolescents, their parents first completed the inform consent for their child’s participation. Then the students completed demographic factors in order to allocate them in exercisers or no-exercisers and sexual orientation and the three questionnaires. A 2 (exercisers, non-exercisers) × 2 (male, female) × 3 (Self Esteem Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, Social Physique Anxiety Scale) multivariate ANOVA was conducted. Results: The statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the three variables (Self Esteem Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and Social Physique Anxiety Scale). Furthermore, it revealed a significant main effect of exercisers on Self Esteem Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and Social Physique Anxiety Scale but not significant effect of gender on the three variables, as well as a non-significant interaction of group and gender on the three variables. Conclusion: These findings are both in consistency with previous literature that exercise has mental prosperities in adolescents, but also in non-consistency as gender is concerned. As a result, future studies could be conducted in order to investigate further the impact of physical activity and gender in self-esteem, subjective happiness and social physique anxiety.

Therapeutic horticulture (TH) can be considered a non-pharmacological approach to support psychiatric treatments for the improvement of physical and mental health, but information is lacking on whether it has advantages as compared to more conventional occupational therapies (OTs). The study focused on institutionalized 25 clients attending TH among other OTs and 15 clients attending OT other than TH. The measures used were the 'Subjective Happiness Scale' (SHS) and the 'Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults' (SELSA-S), along with sociodemographic and clinical data. The study design was descriptive, observational and cross-sectional. Scores obtained from the SHS and SELSA-S were generally similar for both groups, although 40% of clients in the TH group perceived relaxation. These are in agreement with previous studies performed with chronic schizophrenia clients reporting that TH might effectively decrease depression/anxiety symptoms, but the feeling of hopelessness and quality of life did not change, probably due to long-term institutionalization and required medication that may limit other effects. Within the TH group, clients preferred specific horticultural tasks and more days/week attending activities decreased loneliness and increased happiness. TH interventions as an integrative treatment option merits further study on both process and outcome evaluation, to maximize its effectiveness.

Study objective: To examine the association of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with happiness. Methods: A random sample of 1691 Chinese adult (mean age 54 ± 20.1, male 51%) were interviewed in a population-based telephone survey. Happiness was measured by the subjective happiness scale (SHS) and the one-item global happiness index (GHI). Information on sleep included mean past seven-day sleep duration (<6 h, ≥6 to <8 h and ≥8 h) and insomnia symptoms: Difficulty in initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA). Adjusted beta-coefficient (β) of SHS and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of GHI in relation to sleep problems were calculated. Interaction effects by age (18–65 vs. ≥65) and by sex were assessed. Results: Compared to ≥8 h of sleep, having <6 h of sleep had lower SHS (adjusted β −0.32, 95% CI −0.46 to −0.17) and GHI (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78). The associations were stronger in younger adults and in women (p < 0.05). DIS, DMS, and EMA were associated with lower SHS (adjusted β ranged from −0.20 to −0.06) and GHI (aOR ranged from 0.57 to 0.89). Dose-response association between the number of insomnia symptoms and lower SHS was observed (p < 0.001). These associations were generally stronger in older adults and among women. Conclusions: Lower levels of happiness were observed, particularly in younger adults and females with short sleep duration and older adults and females with insomnia symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings and understand the mechanisms between sleep and happiness.

The present study investigates the extent to which respect toward partner play as a mediator role on the relationship between authenticity and subjective happiness. Participants were 211 teachers who completed a questionnaire package that included the respect toward partner scale, the authenticity scale, and the subjective happiness scale. Findings demonstrated that subjective happiness is predicted positively by authenticity and respect toward partner. Respect toward partner is predicted positively by authenticity. Also the relationship between authenticity and subjective happiness is partially mediated by respect toward partner. The results are discussed in the light of the related literature and dependent recommendations to the area were given.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among positivity, forgiveness, religious attitudes and subjective happiness on university students. The current study has been conducted in correlational design. The participants of the study consisted of 798 university students who were studying at different universities in Turkey. Participants completed the questionnaire packet including four different scales: subjective happiness scale (SHS), positivity scale (PS), forgiveness scale (FS) and Ok-religious attitude scale (ORAS). Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyse the obtained data. The results indicated that positivity and forgiveness predicted subjective happiness significantly, and collectively accounted 22% of the variance of subjective happiness. However, according to the results, religious attitude did not significantly predict subjective happiness. The results obtained from the research were discussed in a light of related literature and several suggestions were made.

The law stresses that education is the right of all citizens, including children with special needs. The need for education is the same as school-age children in general, but the training provided is adjusted to the specifics of the children. It is certainly guaranteed that all children need character education and akhlaqul karimah. This research aims to explore how character education and akhlaq in children with special needs in Al-Ghazali Jatinangor Inclusion Elementary School. The method used is phenomenological quality research. The data is collected in by observations, interviews, documentations, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Then, it was analyzed using interactive analysis techniques. The results indicate that the education program at Al-Ghazali Inclusion Elementary School is different from most other elementary schools. It has long hours of activities and most of the time conducted at school activities are filled with daily routines that build consistent characters and akhlaqul karimah for both children.

Problem and purpose. Self-actualisation is a topical and socially significant subject, meeting the demands of the society and the state, oriented towards achieving every citizen’s benefit. The issue of self-actualisation of persons with atypical developmental disabilities is particularly complex and understudied. Learning is a critically important area for young people having disabilities relative to formation of adult identity and gaining basic qualification; therefore, the presented research addresses the problem of specifics of self-actualisation in people with developmental disabilities in the domain of learning. The purpose is identifying the specifics of self-actualisation in individuals with developmental disabilities in learning. Materials and methods. The sample encompasses 204 respondents and comprises two groups with different health status. The study uses the methodological tools covering a number of relevant test methods (S. Maddi’s viability test; the author’s questionnaire based on S.I. Kudinov’s Judgment test of personality self-actualisation; Lyubomirsky’s Subjective happiness scale; G. Perue-Badu’s Subjective well-being scale; K. Neff’s Self-compassion scale; Carver’s express test; Ryan &amp; Frederick’s Subjective vitality scale) as well as interviewing by the author. The research used data processing statistical methods: descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney’s U-test, correlation and regression analysis. Results. The research revealed the lowest performance rates in self-actualisation of individuals with atypical development in the educational sphere (M=55.11; SD=20.69) relative to other spheres of self-realisation. The learners with impairment had significantly lower self-actualisation scores in learning compared to normatively developing peers (p=0.045). The authors identified certain differences in self-actualisation parameters for individuals with typical and atypical development (activity (p=0.002), internality (p=0.0002), externality (p=0.03), self-orientation (p=0.007), conservatism (p=0.009), productivity (p=0.024), destructivism (p=0.048), general motivation (p=0.017), self value (p=0.005), meaning of self-actualisation (p=0.003)). Based on the interviewing data, barriers and resources of successful self-actualisation were identified. The method of frequency analysis with subsequent ranking revealed that the barriers include own laziness (75%) and other activities, most often – entertainment (54%). The undertaken correlation analysis revealed no links between self-actualisation in learning, on the one part, and resilience and general level of happiness, on the other part. No correlation was as well revealed between academic self-actualisation, on the one part, and subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Certain correlations were found with the parameters of plaintive attitude to one’s self. The specificity of correlations depending on the learners’ health status was noted: in case of impaired development, correlation with the parameter “benevolence to one’s self” (p=0.04) was recorded, while in case of normal development – with the parameter “accord with the humanity” (p=0.04). Predictive specificity depending on the respondents’ health status was revealed. Discussion and conclusion. The research proved certain specificity of self-actualisation of individuals with atypical development in the learning sphere. Some differences in self-actualisation parameters of individuals with typical and atypical development were identified. Predictive specificity of self-actualisation in the learning sphere, depending on respondents’ health status, was revealed.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Therapy (BAT) in enhancing subjective happiness and creative thinking among university students. By addressing psychological well-being and cognitive functioning concurrently, the study sought to provide a comprehensive intervention model for student development. A randomized controlled trial design was employed, involving 30 university students randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). The intervention group participated in eight 75-minute BAT sessions over two months, while the control group received no intervention. Subjective happiness was measured using the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and creative thinking was assessed using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at a two-month follow-up. Data analysis included repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests using SPSS version 27. The results indicated a significant increase in subjective happiness and creative thinking scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. The intervention group showed substantial improvements in SHS and TTCT scores from baseline to post-intervention and sustained these gains at the two-month follow-up. The repeated measures ANOVA confirmed significant main effects for time and group, with post-hoc tests revealing specific time points of significant change. Behavioral Activation Therapy significantly enhances subjective happiness and creative thinking among university students. These findings suggest that BAT is an effective intervention for improving psychological well-being and cognitive functioning in this population. Integrating BAT into university wellness programs could provide substantial benefits for student mental health and academic performance.

Resilience is an individual characteristic that protects mental health. However, its impact on the lives of Brazilian physiotherapists during COVID-19 is not known. This study aimed to analyze whether resilience modulates the perceived quality of life (QoL) and subjective happiness (SH) of physiotherapists who work with COVID-19 patients, compared with those who do not. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 22 August and 22 October 2020. Physiotherapists working in critical and non-critical hospital sectors were invited to participate in the study. The participants completed sociodemographic questionnaires and were graded on the 14-item Resilience Scale, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Subjective Happiness Scale. In total, 519 physiotherapists were enrolled in the study. Physiotherapists with low resilience who worked with COVID-19 patients reported lower scores on the SF-36 subscales (except for social functioning) and the Subjective Happiness Scale, compared with those with high resilience who did not work with COVID-19 patients. These responses were modulated by age, sex, absence from work, receipt of personal protective equipment, host leadership, and practice and maintenance of regular physical activity. In conclusion, physiotherapists with low resilience who worked with COVID-19 patients presented lower perceptions of QoL and SH, compared with the other study participants.