What does the term “documentation” mean

Reviewed by: Recalling Recitation in the Americas: Borderless Curriculum, Performance Poetry, and Reading by Janet Neigh Philipp Reisner RECALLING RECITATION IN THE AMERICAS: BORDERLESS CURRICULUM, PERFORMANCE POETRY, AND READING. By Janet Neigh. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017; pp. 256. Recalling Recitation in the Americas focuses on the unexplored relationship between education history and literary form, and investigates the far-reaching effects of poetry memorization and recitation on the development of modern performance poetry in North America. In the first three chapters, Neigh analyzes the work of three celebrated performance poets who refashioned recitation for the sake of linguistic diversity and greater freedom from the constraints of written language: Mohawk author E. Pauline Johnson-Tekahionwake (1861–1913); African American author Langston Hughes (1902–67); and Jamaican author Louise Bennett (1919–2006). Neigh illuminates how the complicated legacies of these three poets as national icons obscure their similar approaches to resisting Anglicization. The fourth and final chapter, titled "Recitation Legacies in Dub and Indigenous Poetics," is dedicated to the dub poetry movement that began in the 1970s and that built "directly on Langston Hughes's rhythmic literacy and Miss Lou's Creole pedagogy" (130). Overall, Neigh's diachronic study of performance poetry offers a coherent account of the twentieth century, meticulously working from case studies of single poets, combined with detailed examination of the poetic movements of their time. This integration of transnational, minority, and genre studies is especially relevant to the field of poetry studies, since performance poetry and orality are often neglected as the field attempts to keep up with the growing output of poetry in print. It is also significant because Neigh has chosen to examine the work of individuals whose relevance extends beyond their role as performance poets. [End Page 409] In the first chapter, Neigh argues that Johnson-Tekahionwake was instrumental in the later development of spoken-word delivery, a claim reiterated throughout the book (cf. 148–49). "Langston Hughes's Rhythmic Literacy" is the topic of the second chapter, which locates Hughes's performance poetry within the sociocultural context of the formation of the Black Panther movement, with a special focus on Hughes's youngest readers (61–92). Neigh contextualizes Hughes's children's reader The First Book of Rhythms, a fifty-page book teaching children how to recognize and decode rhythms in their environment through interactive exercises, as part of his educational approach and jazz pedagogy. Neigh emphasizes that Hughes's instructions also foster body awareness while one is reading (84–92). The third chapter ("Miss Lou Pedagogy and Mimic Women") continues this focus on education by demonstrating how Bennett's playful approach to mimicry within a postcolonial context provides a model for her readers to imitate in their own recitation of her poems (120). Overall, especially since Neigh believes that Bennett, Johnson, and Hughes "refashion recitation practices to abandon the burning deck of the classroom ritual" (14), it would have been helpful to the reader had she, at least in passing, touched upon the larger context of early twentieth-century education in the Western world and on reform pedagogy (14). In chapter 4, Neigh examines the poetry of Lillian Allen, Mutabaruka, LKJ, Jean "Binta" Breeze, Janet Marie Rogers, and Annharte. This chapter is divided into smaller sections that explore the concerns of "Minor Transnationalism," "Dubbing over Memories," "Recycling Nursery Rhymes," "Negotiating Cultural Inheritance," and "Challenging Language Interference." She makes a case for the importance of consulting the oral archive of trans-national minority poetry. Neigh shows that the dub poetry movement's engagement with memory and technology may be related to methodologies in Indigenous poetry. Based on studies such as Chadwick Allen's monograph Trans-Indigenous: Methodologies for Global Native Literary Studies (2012), in which he argues that Indigeneity needs to be at the heart of comparative frameworks to displace settler interests from the center of intellectual activity and to produce new knowledge, Neigh builds on recent scholarly debate concerning reductive comparisons as a major pitfall in studies of Indigenous poetry. In light of Neigh's emphasis on the musicality of language, she could have devoted more space to the musical aspect of dub and the fact that lullabies are among the few...

This study examines the implications of the current wave of erecting large, even monumental, library buildings for the functioning and status of public libraries. It was carried out through interviews with 42 individuals from five relevant professions: futurists, sociologists, architects, urban planners and experts in information and library science. Also, 24 directors of new, large libraries in Israel and the Western world filled in a questionnaire. The study reveals a dramatic increase in the number of people visiting these libraries and a very significant increase in the number of regular clients who come to the library to receive services other than traditional library services. This research shows that the library is becoming a cultural centre and a place for social life, cultural meetings and leisure-time entertainment.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in most Western countries. Because of its asymptomatic growth and the lack of effective screening methods, about 70% of all cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage. Although most of the patients respond to chemotherapy initially, recurrence rate is very high resulting in poor prognosis. Furthermore, EOCs are morphologically heterogeneous, and different histopathological subtypes have distinct molecular characteristics and diverse response to treatment. In the present work we investigated the expression pattern of hyaluronidase-1 (Hyal-1) in different histopathological EOC subtypes as well as in EOC cell lines. The HYAL1 gene (together with those of HYAL2 and HYAL3) is located on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p), a region described to contain tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung and ovarian cancer pathogenesis. However, levels of both Hyal-1 and its substrate, hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan), have also been reported to be increased in bladder, prostate and head and neck cancers, and to be implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. However, up to date, no studies have been conducted to analyze the transcriptional status of this enzyme and its role in EOC. Herein, quantitative RT-PCR was performed in ovarian tumor samples classified as borderline, serous, endometrioid, mucinous or clear cell. Distinct grade and stage were also attributed according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) criteria. Cell lines derived from different EOC subtypes or from normal ovarian epithelial cells (NOSE) were also included in these analyses. Our results show that Hyal-1 expression was significantly increased in clear cell and mucinous EOC samples when compared to borderline tumors. In contrast, lower levels of Hyal-1 expression were observed in serous samples, and no difference was observed between endometrioid and borderline tumors. Accordingly, higher mRNA expression levels and higher enzymatic activity were observed in EOC cell lines derived from clear cell tumors. Cell lines derived from serous tumors had no detectable enzymatic activity and low levels of mRNA expression. However, treatment of one of these cell lines with 5-Azacytidine (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) restored its Hyal-1 expression and activity, indicating that transcription repression through epigenetic regulation is occurring in serous EOCs. No correlation could be made between Hyal-1 expression and ovarian tumor grade or stage. In conclusion, our results show that Hyal-1 is differentially expressed in distinct EOC subtypes, with high expression levels in mucinous and clear cell carcinomas and low in serous adenocarcinoma. It is important to mention that specificity and sensitivity of the CA-125 antigen is particularly not good for these two former EOC subtypes. Therefore, Hyal-1 could be a potential marker for these tumors; however, further validation using a bigger tissue/serum sample cohort is needed. Supported by NSERC, RRCancer and FRSQ. (poster)

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in western countries which primarily affects postmenopausal women. The aim of this review is to outline the most important clinic, pathologic and biologic prognostic parameters in order to obtain the treatment outcomes in EC. Medline and Pubmed were searched for English language articles using keywords (i.e. “endometrial cancer”, “prognostic factors”). systematic reviews, retro-prospective studies, controlled and randomized clinical trials focused on prognostic information were selected. Bibliographies of articles found were searched for further relevant titles. The most significant reported prognostic factors are age, International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology stage, the histological subtype and grade of the tumor, peritoneal cytology, lymphovascular space involvement, invasion of the myometrum, tumors that extend to the cervical stroma,extra-uterine disease,tumor size,as well as the presence and extent of lymph node metastasis. Molecular biomarkers such as mutations in tumor suppressor genes, deoxyribonucleic acid mismatch repair, and the presence of a triple negative phenotype are considered worse prognostic factors, and may lead to a poor survival.

The aim of this article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical processes of the development of ballroom choreography in the Caucasian countries in the second half of the 20th century - early XXI century. Research methodology. The following methods were used in the work: historical and historical-genetic - to understand the genesis, the specifics of the processes of development of ballroom dance; source study - for the selection and processing of sources related to the art of ballroom dancing; comparative - to compare the historical periods of the evolution of ballroom culture; included observation - to view individual choreographic works and their preliminary comprehension. Novelty. For the first time, an attempt is made to scientifically study topical issues of the development of ballroom choreography in the Caucasian countries in the second half of the 20th century - early XXI century. Results. The article highlights the peculiarities of historical processes of ballroom choreography development in the Caucasian countries in the second half of the XX century - early XXI century. The history of formation, local specifics of ballroom choreography in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan are analyzed. Ballroom choreography in the Caucasian countries has been constantly evolving in recent decades: the number of its supporters is growing, associations have become members of international federations, and the training of ballroom dance specialists has improved. It is concluded that the gradual integration of ballroom dancing into the international socio-cultural space is a common trend in these countries. It is emphasized that the majority of the amateur target audience of ballroom choreography in Caucasian countries is children's and junior contingent. On the other hand, the mass popularization of ballroom dancing as a recreational and health resource among the middle-aged and elderly is almost non-existent, and in this respect, the Caucasian countries lag far behind the Western world with its more developed social policies against ageism. Broadcasting the experience of different generations of ballroom dancers gives the right to talk about the heritage of ballroom choreography traditions in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Keywords: ballroom choreography, ballroom dance, competition dance.

Le cancer de l'endomètre est le cancer gynécologique le plus fréquent en occident. Il concerne principalement les femmes ménopausées. L'objectif de notre travail est de rapporter l'expérience du service de radiothérapie à l'Institut National d'Oncologie (INO) dans la prise en charge du cancer de l'endomètre. Nous avons analysé rétrospectivement 52 cas de cancer de l'endomètre traités dans le service de radiothérapie de l'INO entre 2007 à 2009. Les données collectées à partir des dossiers médicaux de nos patientes concernaient les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de ce cancer. La médiane d’âge des patientes était de 57 ans, 87% étaient ménopausées. Le délai moyen de consultation était de six mois. Le maitre symptôme était des métrorragies chez 51 patientes. Le diagnostic histologique a été porté sur un curetage biopsique de l'endomètre dans 51% des cas. L'examen anatomopathologique a montré un adénocarcinome endométrioïde dans 92% des cas. Après le bilan, 27% des patientes étaient stade I, 30% stade II, 20% stade III et 1% stade IVA selon la classification de la Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie Obstétrique (FIGO). Après la chirurgie, 51% des patientes ont reçu une radiothérapie externe. La dose délivrée était de 46 Gray (Gy). Une curiethérapie du fond vaginal a été délivrée chez toutes les patientes. Sur le plan évolutif, 83% des patientes étaient toujours suivies en situation de bon contrôle de leur maladie, 8% ont eu une récidive locorégionale et 4% avaient des métastases à distance. Ainsi, le cancer de l'endomètre est un cancer dont le traitement repose sur la chirurgie. La radiothérapie est le traitement adjuvant principal.

The history of psychology in Japan

ACEP Ambassadors Globalize Emergency Care

BackgroundDementia is a progressive syndrome of global cognitive impairment with significant health and social care costs. Global prevalence is projected to increase, particularly in resource-limited settings. Recent policy changes in Western countries to increase detection mandates a careful examination of the diagnostic accuracy of neuropsychological tests for dementia.ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at various thresholds for dementia and its subtypes.Search methodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, Science Citation Index, PsycINFO and LILACS databases to August 2012. In addition, we searched specialised sources containing diagnostic studies and reviews, including MEDION (Meta-analyses van Diagnostisch Onderzoek), DARE (Database of s of Reviews of Effects), HTA (Health Technology Assessment Database), ARIF (Aggressive Research Intelligence Facility) and C-EBLM (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Committee for Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine) databases. We also searched ALOIS (Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group specialized register of diagnostic and intervention studies). We identified further relevant studies from the PubMed ‘related articles’ feature and by tracking key studies in Science Citation Index and Scopus. We also searched for relevant grey literature from the Web of Science Core Collection, including Science Citation Index and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (Thomson Reuters Web of Science), PhD theses and contacted researchers with potential relevant data.Selection criteriaCross-sectional designs where all participants were recruited from the same sample were sought; case-control studies were excluded due to high chance of bias. We searched for studies from memory clinics, hospital clinics, primary care and community populations. We excluded studies of early onset dementia, dementia from a secondary cause, or studies where participants were selected on the basis of a specific disease type such as Parkinson’s disease or specific settings such as nursing homes.Data collection and analysisWe extracted dementia study prevalence and dichotomised test positive/test negative results with thresholds used to diagnose dementia. This allowed calculation of sensitivity and specificity if not already reported in the study. Study authors were contacted where there was insufficient information to complete the 2x2 tables. We performed quality assessment according to the QUADAS-2 criteria.Methodological variation in selected studies precluded quantitative meta-analysis, therefore results from individual studies were presented with a narrative synthesis.Main resultsSeven studies were selected: three in memory clinics, two in hospital clinics, none in primary care and two in population-derived samples. There were 9422 participants in total, but most of studies recruited only small samples, with only one having more than 350 participants. The prevalence of dementia was 22% to 54% in the clinic-based studies, and 5% to 10% in population samples. In the four studies that used the recommended threshold score of 26 or over indicating normal cognition, the MoCA had high sensitivity of 0.94 or more but low specificity of 0.60 or less.Authors’ conclusionsThe overall quality and quantity of information is insufficient to make recommendations on the clinical utility of MoCA for detecting dementia in different settings. Further studies that do not recruit participants based on diagnoses already present (case-control design) but apply diagnostic tests and reference standards prospectively are required. Methodological clarity could be improved in subsequent DTA studies of MoCA by reporting findings using recommended guidelines (e.g. STARDdem). Thresholds lower than 26 are likely to be more useful for optimal diagnostic accuracy of MoCA in dementia, but this requires confirmation in further studies.