When can we safely reuse systems, upgrade systems, or use COTS components?

In any variety of bounded integral residuated lattice-ordered commutative monoids (bounded residuated lattices for short) the class of its semisimple members is closed under isomorphic images, subalgebras and products, but it is not closed under homomorphic images, and so it is not a variety. In this paper we study varieties of bounded residuated lattices whose semisimple members form a variety, and we give an equational presentation for them. We also study locally representable varieties whose semisimple members form a variety. Finally, we analyze the relationship with the property "to have radical term", especially for k-radical varieties, and for the hierarchy of varieties (WL k)k>0 defined in Cignoli and Torrens (Studia Logica 100:1107---1136, 2012 [7]).

It is a well known fact that managed care and new treatment technologies are revolutionizing the health care provider world. Community Health Information Network and Computer-based Patient Record projects are underway throughout the United States. More and more hospitals are installing digital, `filmless' radiology (and other imagery) systems. They generate a staggering amount of information around the clock. For example, a typical 500-bed hospital might accumulate more than 5 terabytes of image data in a period of 30 years for conventional x-ray images and digital images such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computer Tomography images. With several hospitals contributing to the archive, the storage required will be in the hundreds of terabytes. Systems for reliable, secure, and inexpensive storage and retrieval of digital medical information do not exist today. In this paper, we present a Medical Image Archive and Distribution Service (MIADS) concept. MIADS is a system shared by individual and community hospitals, laboratories, and doctors' offices that need to store and retrieve medical images. Due to the large volume and complexity of the data, as well as the diversified user access requirement, implementation of the MIADS will be a complex procedure. One of the key challenges to implementing a MIADS is to select a cost-effective, scalable system architecture to meet the ingest/retrieval performance requirements. We have performed an in-depth system engineering study, and developed a sophisticated simulation model to address this key challenge. This paper describes the overall system architecture based on our system engineering study and simulation results. In particular, we will emphasize system scalability and upgradability issues. Furthermore, we will discuss our simulation results in detail. The simulations study the ingest/retrieval performance requirements based on different system configurations and architectures for variables such as workload, tape access time, number of drives, number of exams per patient, number of Central Processing Units, patient grouping, and priority impacts. The MIADS, which could be a key component of a broader data repository system, will be able to communicate with and obtain data from existing hospital information systems. We will discuss the external interfaces enabling MIADS to communicate with and obtain data from existing Radiology Information Systems such as the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Our system design encompasses the broader aspects of the archive node, which could include multimedia data such as image, audio, video, and free text data. This system is designed to be integrated with current hospital PACS through a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine interface. However, the system can also be accessed through the Internet using Hypertext Transport Protocol or Simple File Transport Protocol. Our design and simulation work will be key to implementing a successful, scalable medical image archive and distribution system.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Let R be an associative ring with unit element. Mod-R and R-Mod will denote the categories of unitary right and left R-modules, respectively, and all modules are assumed to be in Mod-R unless otherwise specified. For all M, N ϵ Mod-R, HomR(M, N) will usually be abbreviated as [M, N]. For the definitions of basic terms, and an exposition on torsion theories in Mod-R, the reader is referred to Lambek [6]. Jans [5] has called a class of modules which is closed under submodules, direct products, homomorphic images, group extensions, and isomorphic images a TTF (torsion-torsionfree) class.

Web personalization facilitate customizing a web site as per users preferences by using the various data mining techniques, taking advantage of the knowledge acquired from the analysis of the user’s navigational usage data. The web personalization reduces the searching time of the user and serves the purchasing interest of the user. In this paper, we have proposed the Analysis and design of the E-Commerce Systems. On the basis of the proposed Software specification Requirements ,for analysis of the systems, we proposed the class diagram for Preprocessing Systems, Knowledge Discovery Systems and Recommendation Subsystems and then provided workflow of the systems by proposing the required functional model of the systems. In the design of the systems we proposed the data structure design and Dynamic Web Systems architecture and implemented the systems. Lastly we have shown the results of the navigational behavior of the user during particular transaction.

A new class of telerobotic applications is making its way into research laboratories, fine arts or science museums, and industrial installations. Virtual laboratories and remote equipment maintenance are examples of these applications, which are built exploiting distributed computing systems and Internet technologies. Distributed computing technologies provide several advantages to telerobotic applications, such as dynamic and multiuser access to remote resources and arbitrary user locations. Nonetheless, building these applications remains a substantial endeavor, especially when performance requirements must be met. The aim of this paper is to investigate how mainstream and advanced features of the CORBA object-oriented middleware can be put to work to meet the requirements of novel telerobotic applications. We show that Real-Time CORBA extensions and asynchronous method invocation of CORBA services can be relied upon to meet performance and functional requirements, thereby enabling teleoperation on local area networks. Furthermore, CORBA services for concurrency control and large-scale data distribution enable geographic-scale access for robot teleprogramming. Limitations in the currently available implementations of the CORBA standard are also discussed, along with their implications. The effectiveness and suitability for telerobotic applications of several CORBA mechanisms are tested first individually and then by means of a software framework exploiting CORBA services and ensuring component-based development, software reuse, low development cost, fully portable real-time and communication support. A comprehensive telerobotic application built based on the framework is described in the paper and evaluated on both local and wide area networks. The application includes a robot manipulator and several sensory subsystems under concurrent access by multiple competing or collaborating operators, one of which is equipped with a multimodal user interface acting as the master device. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hydraulic fracturing is an important technical means to improve the development effect of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs. However, for low pressure, low-permeability, tight, and high-clay sandstone gas reservoirs, conventional propped fracturing can cause serious damage to the reservoir and restrict the fracturing effect. The pre-acid fracturing technology combines acid treatment technology with sand-fracturing technology. A pre-acid system that meets special performance requirements is injected before fracturing. The pre-acid reduces the formation fracture pressure and removes clay damage. During acid flowback, the fracturing fluid is promoted to break the gel, dissolve the fracturing fluid residue and polymer filter cake, clean the supporting cracks, and effectively improve the fracturing effect. This study analyzes the process principle and technical advantages of the pre-acid fracturing technology based on the laboratory evaluation of the fracturing damage mechanism of low-permeability tight gas reservoirs. To meet the performance requirements of low-permeability tight gas reservoirs and pre-acid fracturing technology, a set of polyhydrogen acid system with long-lasting slow reactivity, low damage, and low corrosion was developed and used as the pre-fracturing acid. The acid system is mainly composed of the main agent SA601 and the auxiliary agent SA701. Then, on the basis of laboratory experiments, this acid system is used as the fracturing pre-acid to evaluate the fracturing improvement effect. The results show that the fracturing fluid system can better dissolve the fracturing fluid filter cake and remove the fracturing fluid damage.

The development of a dyed thick film photoresist for visualization purposes is described. The need for a visualization dye for residual resist (the coil layers) is a possible requirement for the thin film head fabrication technology. Because of the high transparency of the photoresist used in the production of magnetic read/write devices, it may be desirable for a dye to improve visualization properties. A method is described in which a dyed thick film photoresist is developed. Performance requirements are discussed and a lithographic evaluation is given. Assessment of the formulations were carried out on an Ultratech TM stepper using a current production photoresist as a standard. It is necessary to maintain resist performance such as photospeed, resolution capabilities, and depth of focus. Advantages and disadvantages are presented for the dyed thick film photoresist. Also included is a discussion concerning the critical factor of dye concentration present within the photoresist.

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 4th International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Architecting Critical Systems (ISARCS 2013). ISARCS is a symposium dedicated to architectural design for dependable, safe and secure systems. It provides an exclusive forum for exchanging views on the theory and practice of architecting critical systems. A critical system is characterized by the perceived severity of consequences that system failures may cause. In that respect, in addition to appropriate development methods, techniques and tools, a critical system also requires the provision of assurances that it is able to fulfill its specified service. As software systems continue to pervade every facet of our daily lives, our dependence on their safety, security, availability, and reliability grows. It has become increasingly clear that the architecture of a critical software system plays a crucial role in fulfilling its dependability requirements. This has called for effective methods, techniques, and tools that take architectural concerns into consideration during the design, construction, testing, maintenance, and upgrade of such systems. The aim of ISARCS is to bring together different communities in order to create a forum in which the different expertise collaborate in providing a comprehensive view on how to construct critical systems from the architectural perspective. This year, ISARCS is again part of the federated event CompArch, together with "QoSA 2013: 9th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures," "CBSE 2013: 16th International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering," and "WCOP 2013: 18th International Doctoral Symposium on Components and Architecture". ISARCS call for papers attracted 12 submissions that were reviewed thoroughly by an international program committee. Following an online discussion phase, 5 long and 2 short papers were accepted for inclusion in the proceedings and presentation at the conference. The federated event also includes 3 keynotes that are highly relevant to the challenges of architecting critical systems.

For over forty years, relational databases have been the leading model for data storage, retrieval and management. However, due to increasing needs for scalability and performance, alternative systems have emerged, namely NoSQL technology. The rising interest in NoSQL technology, as well as the growth in the number of use case scenarios, over the last few years resulted in an increasing number of evaluations and comparisons among competing NoSQL technologies. While most research work mostly focuses on performance evaluation using standard benchmarks, it is important to notice that the architecture of real world systems is not only driven by performance requirements, but has to comprehensively include many other quality attribute requirements. Software quality attributes form the basis from which software engineers and architects develop software and make design decisions. Yet, there has been no quality attribute focused survey or classification of NoSQL databases where databases are compared with regards to their suitability for quality attributes common on the design of enterprise systems. To fill this gap, and aid software engineers and architects, in this article, we survey and create a concise and up-to-date comparison of NoSQL engines, identifying their most beneficial use case scenarios from the software engineer point of view and the quality attributes that each of them is most suited to.

A probabilistic automaton (pa) is a fuzzy automaton, in which, sum of all fuzzy memberships of the initial states is one and from each state, on an input symbol, the sum of the fuzzy memberships of the transitions is one. In pa, it is shown that, if h : Γ* → Σ* is a morphism and h–1 (λ) = λ, then the image of a recognisable subset of Γ* is a recognisable subset of Σ* and if h is fine, then the inverse image of recognisable subset of Σ* is recognisable. It is also proved that the shuffle product of any two recognisable sets is recognisable.

Blockchain technologies are taking the world by storm. Public blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, enable secure peer-to-peer applications like crypto-currency or smart contracts. Their security and performance are well studied. This paper concerns recent private blockchain systems designed with stronger security (trust) assumption and performance requirement. These systems target and aim to disrupt applications which have so far been implemented on top of database systems, for example banking, finance and trading applications. Multiple platforms for private blockchains are being actively developed and fine tuned. However, there is a clear lack of a systematic framework with which different systems can be analyzed and compared against each other. Such a framework can be used to assess blockchains' viability as another distributed data processing platform, while helping developers to identify bottlenecks and accordingly improve their platforms. In this paper, we first describe BLOCKBENCH, the first evaluation framework for analyzing private blockchains. It serves as a fair means of comparison for different platforms and enables deeper understanding of different system design choices. Any private blockchain can be integrated to BLOCKBENCH via simple APIs and benchmarked against workloads that are based on real and synthetic smart contracts. BLOCKBENCH measures overall and component-wise performance in terms of throughput, latency, scalability and fault-tolerance. Next, we use BLOCKBENCH to conduct comprehensive evaluation of three major private blockchains: Ethereum, Parity and Hyperledger Fabric. The results demonstrate that these systems are still far from displacing current database systems in traditional data processing workloads. Furthermore, there are gaps in performance among the three systems which are attributed to the design choices at different layers of the blockchain's software stack. We have released BLOCKBENCH for public use.

Mechatronic systems: Automotive applications and modern design methodologies

The paper presents, discusses and uses fundamental constraints governing long-term evolutionary growth of habitable infrastructure in low Earth orbit. The scope spans the full range of two orthogonal design parameters: (1) scale – from spacecraft system to urban assemblage; and (2) technological maturity – from contemporary, pre-integrated modules to eventual, space-manufactured constructions. The constraints accommodate five vital design drivers: (1) inescapable realities of orbital space flight, including orbital mechanics, energy transfer, and operations proximity; (2) state-of-practice (e.g. International Space Station), and state-of-art (e.g. TransHab) system designs; (3) anticipated requirements for new technology and system development; (4) invariant and predictable human-environment requirements, including proximity relationships, orientation, view, artificial weight and safety; (5) architectural scale, from shelter to megalopolis. These constraints are used to craft an integrated design parti, which is a useful template for viable configurations for Earth orbital architecture and urbanism.

Актуальність. У сучасних умовах стрімкого розвитку цифрових технологій та зростання кіберзагроз захист конфіденційної інформації під час її зберігання та передачі є одним із ключових пріоритетів у проєктуванні інформаційних систем. Надійна архітектура таких систем забезпечує стійкість до атак, цілісність даних і контроль доступу. Об'єкт дослідження: архітектурні рішення для побудови програмного забезпечення захищеної системи зберігання та передачі конфіденційних даних. Мета статті: дослідження, проєктування та розробка архітектурних компонентів безпечної інформаційної системи, здатної забезпечити збереження конфіденційності даних у процесі передачі та зберігання. Результати дослідження. У статті представлено аналіз сучасних підходів до побудови захищених інформаційних систем, обґрунтовано вибір архітектурної моделі та програмних засобів. Розроблено прототип системи. Проведено тестування на відповідність вимогам захисту та продуктивності. Висновки. Запропоноване архітектурне рішення продемонструвало ефективність у забезпеченні цілісності, конфіденційності та доступності даних. Результати можуть бути використані для подальшого вдосконалення інформаційних систем у галузях, де обробляється критично важлива інформація

Welcome to the DATE 08 Conference Proceedings. DATE combines the world's favourite electronic systems design conference and Europe's leading international exhibition for electronic design, automation and test, from system level hardware and software implementation right down to integrated circuit design. The DATE 08 event features a technical program with 77 sessions covering the latest developments in system design and embedded software, IC design/test methodologies and EDA tools, together with an exhibition with the leading EDA, silicon and IP providers showing their new products and services. Challenges that you all face or soon will face in your daily practice are the increasing design complexity of highly integrated systems, the introduction of reconfigurability and embedded software, and the control of power and variability in nanometer IC designs. All these issues will be addressed in this year's DATE event. For the 11th successive year DATE has prepared an exciting technical programme, with the help of the more than 400 members of the Technical Programme Committee, who dedicated their time to thoroughly review the 839 submissions in 37 topics, ranging from system level down to circuit design and covering all the most relevant application domains. The submissions are organised in 4 major areas: D --- Design Methods, Tools, Algorithms and Languages A --- Application Design T --- Test Methods, Tools and Innovative Experiences E --- Embedded Software After a thorough review and selection process (with an average of 5 reviews per paper), finally 198 regular papers were selected for presentation at the conference. Additionally, there are 46 Interactive Presentations that are organised in 5 IP sessions. Together with the invited special sessions (panels, embedded tutorials and hot topic sessions), this has resulted in a high-quality technical program. The technical program provides a wide but high-quality coverage of design, design automation and test topics, from the system level to the integrated circuit level. Compared with previous years, submissions in the Embedded Software track has increased by 50%, showing a clear trend towards a comprehensive system design focus with integrated hardware and software solutions. DATE has established itself firmly as a true Electronic System Design Conference. This year the conference is held in Germany, at the ICM in Munich and spans an entire working week from Monday March 10 to Friday March 14. On Monday, eleven pre-conference tutorials will be given. The three-full day tutorials cover topics of great interest for system design. The first tutorial deals with techniques to automatically realising embedded system from high-level functional models. The second tutorial addresses the different issues related to communication based design and architectures in automotive electronic systems. The third tutorial discusses several key concepts on system-level design and application mapping for wireless and multimedia MPSoC architectures. Furthermore, eight half-day tutorials are also given, which cover a wide spectrum of topics on specification, modelling, design and test. The main conference opens on Tuesday March 11, with two very interesting and complementary keynote speeches. Dominique Vernay, Chief Technical Officer for Thales, will talk about the challenges of embedded systems design, and Giovanni de Micheli, Professor at EPFL, will present his views on designing micro/nano systems for a safer and healthier tomorrow. On the same day, the Executive Track offers a series of business panels with executives discussing hot topics in design: the perils of 45 nanometers, the changes in EDA strategies from IDM, to fablite to fabless, and embedded systems level design strategies. DATE 08 will again offer two specific days related to special themes. On Wednesday March 12, a special full-day track is devoted to Automotive Electronics---Software and Architecture. This special-day track will focus on the challenges faced by the automotive supply chain with particular attention to system and software architecture design. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of automotive architectures, including ECUs, sensors and communication standards and discusses how new methods, tools and standards for interoperability and component-based design can deal with the increasing complexity of software systems and their need for reliability and guaranteed timely behaviour. In addition, it addresses to what degree existing standards, including AUTOSAR and FLEXRAY and model-based development, can support the development of safety and time-critical software. On Thursday March 13, a second special full-day track focuses on Dependable Embedded Systems. This track will address both conceptual and applied issues for design, analysis and validation of dependable embedded systems. The utility of embedded systems and services is based, in large part, on our depending on their sustained functionality in spite of the encountered operational or malicious disruptions. As the number of transient and also permanent disruptions (given the decreasing device geometries, higher device density, lower voltage latching, faster clocks etc) is expected to increase substantially, this will not only be a key issue for the hardware community but also the systems community in general. Solutions using a combination of hardware and software might be more effective than hardware-only or software-only solutions. This track focuses on both conceptual and applied issues for design, analysis and validation of dependable embedded systems. Besides these special tracks, the main conference is organized in six parallel tracks of sessions, three devoted to design methods, tools, algorithms and languages, one to application design, one to test methods, tools and innovative experiences, and finally one to embedded software. The presentations of the selected regular papers in these parallel tracks are complemented by nine Special Sessions and two Invited Industrial Sessions. The special sessions are organized in the form of panels, hot topics, and embedded tutorials. The topics to be covered include quantitative evaluation for embedded systems design, design and manufacturing at 32 and 22nm, software for wireless networked embedded systems, test challenges for low power devices, quantitative productivity measurement in IC design, and 3D Integration. The two invited industrial sessions deal with industrial system designs in transportation and information technologies. To emphasise that DATE is the major event for the designers, DATE 08 features also invited sessions where Europe's famous consumer industry presents their best designs and design practices. Friday March 14 is the day for the DATE workshops. DATE 08 offers workshops on current and emerging important issues in design, test, EDA and software to complement the regular conference. They provide a unique opportunity for the various research and design communities to spend a day discussing the latest and the best, sharing their experiences and visions. This year's workshop program includes eight workshop themes. Four workshops are related to software engineering, ranging from dependable software to modelling, analysis and development tools. Four other workshop themes cover a variety of topics such as the impact of process variations on design and test, the merging world of Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems, new directions in high level synthesis, and heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware. Each workshop features presentations, invited or submitted, from highly distinguished academic and industrial researchers. Finally, throughout the conference days, DATE offers a comprehensive overview of commercial design and verification tools in its large exhibition hall. Exhibitors include EDA vendors, silicon, FPGA and IP providers showing their new products and services. In addition, there is an Exhibition Theatre featuring talks from engineering managers of the leading electronic manufacturers on first-hand design experiences of commercial EDA tools. New this year is the European projects village where different European and large government funded projects will be able to show their ongoing research and results to the design community and have the opportunity for internal meetings and discussions. The DATE week will be also an opportunity for students and universities to show their research work, through the PhD Forum on Monday evening and the University Booth where hardware and software demonstrations will be shown by different universities on a rotation schedule. The DATE 08 event's program will be particularly attractive to industrial designers, at analog, IC, FPGA and embedded system level, as well as software designers, to researchers and academics as well as to design managers, and an increasing attendance is expected. We therefore invite you to take full advantage of the many opportunities offered to you by DATE 08, to extend your knowledge and/or business in electronic system's design and to exploit the abundant networking possibilities offered to socialise with colleagues, including fringe meetings and a memorable social party with bands and dancing. We hope that you will all enjoy the DATE 08 Conference and Exhibition.